CHIRP子脉冲非线性频率步进信号处理技术研究
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摘要
距离维高分辨宽带体制雷达是现代雷达发展的一个重要方向。合成宽带技术是目前雷达技术研究的热点之一,利用合成宽带技术可以降低距离维高分辨宽带体制雷达系统实现的难度和成本,使对目标一维距离成像在实际雷达系统中实现成为可能。利用合成宽带技术实现距离维高分辨可以有多种方式,本论文着重对一种由线性频率步进技术衍变提出的Chirp子脉冲非线性频率步进技术的特性和处理方法进行研究。
对于非线性频率步进技术的研究,国内外尚处于起步阶段。Chirp子脉冲非线性频率步进技术不但兼有线性频率步进技术和线性调频技术的优点,还能更好的抑制高分辨一维距离像的距离副瓣和栅瓣,提供更高的速度分辨率,在距离维高分辨宽带体制雷达中具有重要应用价值。本论文对这种Chirp子脉冲非线性频率步进信号的特性和处理技术作了创新性和系统性研究,对其中存在的各种问题进行理论分析并加以解决。主要工作如下:
1.对Chirp子脉冲非线性频率步进信号进行了深入理论分析,推导了其模糊函数,宽带频谱结构特性,研究了其合成高分辨一维距离像的基本处理过程。
2.分析了子脉冲相参积累模拟加权的参数选择方法,对高分辨一维距离像的主副比、主瓣展宽系数以及输出信噪比进行了理论推导和仿真。研究了Chirp子脉冲非线性频率步进信号的栅瓣特性,提供了参数选择和子脉冲扩展自相关两种方法抑制和消除栅瓣。
3.详尽分析了Chirp子脉冲非线性频率步进信号的多普勒效应及其对合成高分辨一维距离像的影响,推导了目标运动参数估计的Cramer-Rao限。在总结线性频率步进信号运动补偿方法的基础上,提出多普勒匹配滤波法和最小步进误差法两种可以实用的方法对目标运动参数进行估计和补偿以及算法的系统实现方案。分析了两种算法的性能和不同参数对估计精度的影响,并通过仿真与Cramer-Rao限进行比较验证。同时提出一种解速度模糊的方法。
4.对Chirp子脉冲非线性频率步进信号合成的高分辨一维距离像存在混叠、冗余和多目标折叠的现象进行了分析,指出这些现象与Chirp子脉冲非线性频率步进信号参数选择的关系。文中总结了Chirp子脉冲非线性频率步进信号的载频步进间隔、子脉冲脉宽、子脉冲重复周期、子脉冲带宽、采样间隔等参数的选取准则,并采用参数选择和目标抽取结合的方法获得真实完备的高分辨一维距离像。
High range resolution radar is an important aspect in the development of modern radar. It is possible to achieve the one-dimensional range profile of the targets in practical radar system by applying the synthetic wideband technology, which can decrease the difficulty of realization of the practical radar system and the system cost comparing to a traditional way. It is also one of the hot topics in recent years. This dissertation focuses on the theory analysis and signal processing technology of a kind of non-linear stepped-frequency chirp pulse train modified from linear stepped-frequency chirp pulse train.
The research on the non-linear stepped-frequency technology is still a curtail step in the world. The non-linear stepped-frequency technology not only inherits the merits of linear stepped-frequency and chirp technology, but also provides a better suppression level of range side lobes and grating lobes of the one-dimensional range profile and a better Doppler resolution, which has great value in practical engineering. The dissertation presents a novel and systematic investigation on its characteristics and signal processing technology and proposes several methods to resolve the questions occurring in signal processing.
The main research work is as follows:
1. The characteristics of the non-linear stepped-frequency chirp pulse train were analyzed intensively and its ambiguity function and spectrum structure were derived. The process of achieving high range resolution by non-linear stepped- frequency chirp pulse train is also studied.
2. The parameter selection rule of the approximate weighting by sub-pulse coherent integration and its compare to traditional weighting were analyzed. The ratio of main lobe to sidelobes, coefficient of main lobe wideness and signal-to-noise ratio improvement caused by approximate weighting were derived theoretically. The characteristics of grating lobes of non-linear stepped-frequency chirp pulse train were researched and two methods, systematic parameter selection and sub-pulse extended correlation, were provided to suppress and nullify them.
3. The Doppler Effect of the non-linear stepped-frequency chirp pulse train introduced by target motion and its effect on synthesizing the one-dimensional range profile were analyzed in detail. The theoretical Cramer-Rao bound of motion parameter estimation was also derived. Two novel and applicable methods, Doppler matched filtering algorithm and least step error algorithm, were proposed to estimate the motion parameter accurately and compensate the Doppler Effect based on the traditional methods applied to the linear stepped-frequency chirp pulse train. Their performance and effect on the estimation accuracy of different parameters and their effectiveness were analyzed and demonstrated by comparing to the theoretical Cramer-Rao bound.
4. The reason of alias, redundancy and replication occurring in the one-dimensional range profile synthesized by the non-linear stepped-frequency chirp pulse train were analyzed. The principle of the parameter selection such as frequency step size, sub-pulse duration, pulse repetition time, sub-pulse bandwidth, sampling rate and etc. was summarized to avoid the above problems and a combination of parameter selection and target pick-up method was proposed to obtain a real and entire one-dimensional range profile.
对于非线性频率步进技术的研究,国内外尚处于起步阶段。Chirp子脉冲非线性频率步进技术不但兼有线性频率步进技术和线性调频技术的优点,还能更好的抑制高分辨一维距离像的距离副瓣和栅瓣,提供更高的速度分辨率,在距离维高分辨宽带体制雷达中具有重要应用价值。本论文对这种Chirp子脉冲非线性频率步进信号的特性和处理技术作了创新性和系统性研究,对其中存在的各种问题进行理论分析并加以解决。主要工作如下:
1.对Chirp子脉冲非线性频率步进信号进行了深入理论分析,推导了其模糊函数,宽带频谱结构特性,研究了其合成高分辨一维距离像的基本处理过程。
2.分析了子脉冲相参积累模拟加权的参数选择方法,对高分辨一维距离像的主副比、主瓣展宽系数以及输出信噪比进行了理论推导和仿真。研究了Chirp子脉冲非线性频率步进信号的栅瓣特性,提供了参数选择和子脉冲扩展自相关两种方法抑制和消除栅瓣。
3.详尽分析了Chirp子脉冲非线性频率步进信号的多普勒效应及其对合成高分辨一维距离像的影响,推导了目标运动参数估计的Cramer-Rao限。在总结线性频率步进信号运动补偿方法的基础上,提出多普勒匹配滤波法和最小步进误差法两种可以实用的方法对目标运动参数进行估计和补偿以及算法的系统实现方案。分析了两种算法的性能和不同参数对估计精度的影响,并通过仿真与Cramer-Rao限进行比较验证。同时提出一种解速度模糊的方法。
4.对Chirp子脉冲非线性频率步进信号合成的高分辨一维距离像存在混叠、冗余和多目标折叠的现象进行了分析,指出这些现象与Chirp子脉冲非线性频率步进信号参数选择的关系。文中总结了Chirp子脉冲非线性频率步进信号的载频步进间隔、子脉冲脉宽、子脉冲重复周期、子脉冲带宽、采样间隔等参数的选取准则,并采用参数选择和目标抽取结合的方法获得真实完备的高分辨一维距离像。
High range resolution radar is an important aspect in the development of modern radar. It is possible to achieve the one-dimensional range profile of the targets in practical radar system by applying the synthetic wideband technology, which can decrease the difficulty of realization of the practical radar system and the system cost comparing to a traditional way. It is also one of the hot topics in recent years. This dissertation focuses on the theory analysis and signal processing technology of a kind of non-linear stepped-frequency chirp pulse train modified from linear stepped-frequency chirp pulse train.
The research on the non-linear stepped-frequency technology is still a curtail step in the world. The non-linear stepped-frequency technology not only inherits the merits of linear stepped-frequency and chirp technology, but also provides a better suppression level of range side lobes and grating lobes of the one-dimensional range profile and a better Doppler resolution, which has great value in practical engineering. The dissertation presents a novel and systematic investigation on its characteristics and signal processing technology and proposes several methods to resolve the questions occurring in signal processing.
The main research work is as follows:
1. The characteristics of the non-linear stepped-frequency chirp pulse train were analyzed intensively and its ambiguity function and spectrum structure were derived. The process of achieving high range resolution by non-linear stepped- frequency chirp pulse train is also studied.
2. The parameter selection rule of the approximate weighting by sub-pulse coherent integration and its compare to traditional weighting were analyzed. The ratio of main lobe to sidelobes, coefficient of main lobe wideness and signal-to-noise ratio improvement caused by approximate weighting were derived theoretically. The characteristics of grating lobes of non-linear stepped-frequency chirp pulse train were researched and two methods, systematic parameter selection and sub-pulse extended correlation, were provided to suppress and nullify them.
3. The Doppler Effect of the non-linear stepped-frequency chirp pulse train introduced by target motion and its effect on synthesizing the one-dimensional range profile were analyzed in detail. The theoretical Cramer-Rao bound of motion parameter estimation was also derived. Two novel and applicable methods, Doppler matched filtering algorithm and least step error algorithm, were proposed to estimate the motion parameter accurately and compensate the Doppler Effect based on the traditional methods applied to the linear stepped-frequency chirp pulse train. Their performance and effect on the estimation accuracy of different parameters and their effectiveness were analyzed and demonstrated by comparing to the theoretical Cramer-Rao bound.
4. The reason of alias, redundancy and replication occurring in the one-dimensional range profile synthesized by the non-linear stepped-frequency chirp pulse train were analyzed. The principle of the parameter selection such as frequency step size, sub-pulse duration, pulse repetition time, sub-pulse bandwidth, sampling rate and etc. was summarized to avoid the above problems and a combination of parameter selection and target pick-up method was proposed to obtain a real and entire one-dimensional range profile.
引文
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