近距离煤层群开采煤层自燃预测研究
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摘要
煤炭是我国主要能源,占一次性能源消费量的70%以上,同时煤炭生产量及消费量也占世界第一位。但我国煤层自燃十分严重,对煤炭生产的安全威胁很大。近距离煤层群开采在煤炭企业中比较普遍,双鸭山矿区多个煤田都存在近距离煤层群开采现象。近距离煤层群开采过程中,邻近层之间产生大量相连通的裂隙,因而存在层间漏风,致使松散煤层中的渗流规律与单层开采有很大区别,煤层自燃危险区域的分布规律也更加复杂,自燃预测比较困难。现有自燃危险区域判定理论不能实现对其自燃危险区进行准确划分;数值模拟煤自燃全过程的计算量非常大,难以在生产实践中应用,目前还没有比较方便的近距离煤层群开采自燃预测的理论体系。
论文通过煤样自然发火实验,测定了煤在不同温度下的耗氧速度、CO产生率和二氧化碳产生率及氧化放热强度等参数,据此计算出煤在不同条件下自燃的下限氧浓度,极限浮煤厚度、上限漏风强度等参数,为自燃预测预报奠定了基础。
通过钻孔测定了煤层群开采采空区顶部冒落带的范围,确定了近距离煤层群开采采空区渗流区域,结合双鸭山矿区开采沉陷特征,分析得到采空区空隙率变化规律;进一步结合实验室研究,分析得到煤层群开采采空区不同深度的渗透系数的变化规律。建立了近距离煤层群开采采空区多组分气体的渗流、扩散、氧化反应等多场耦合的较完善的三维数学模型和物理模型。结合双鸭山矿业集团实际条件,运用该模型进行采空区传质数值模拟,得到采空区氧浓度场和渗流场的分布规律,结合采空区自燃危险区域判定理论,划分出近距离煤层群开采自燃危险区域,并实现了自燃危险期的预测。实践表明,该方法的预测结果可靠,精度可满足生产中的防灭火问题。
通过采空区深部开放式注二氧化碳时采空区流场及浓度场的数值模拟,得到不同位置和流量注二氧化碳时综放采空区自燃“三带”的分布范围,得出注二氧化碳流量、灌注口位置等与氧化升温带宽度的关系,进而提出了开放式注二氧化碳的优化技术参数,对指导开放式注惰气防灭火有一定意义。实践证明,运用注液态二氧化碳技术成功扑灭了近距离煤层群开采自燃火区,保障了安全生产,取得了巨大的经济社会效益。
Coal is main energy resource in China. It estimated that over 70% of energy consumpted in China is from coal. Both production and consumption of coal in China ranked No. 1 around the world. Nevertheless, spontaneous combustion of coal is very serious in China which greatly threatened coal safety production. Mining of near-neighbored coal seams is very common in coal enterprises. Large amount of connected cracks are formed during mining near-neighbored coal seams, which causes serious air leakage amoung coal seames, makes spontaneous combustion more easily to take place. The regulation of spontaneous combustion in mining near-neighbored coal seams is more complicated and harder to be predicted. The existing theory to partition spontaneous combustion danger zone is not applicable for partition spontaneous danger zone accurately. Prediction of spontaneous combustion by simulating the whole process of coal spontaneous combuston numerically takes large amount of calculation and is hard to be applied in real production. There is no theory available for predicting spontaneous combustion conveniently.
Spontaneous combustion experiments are carried out to test parameters like oxygen consumption rate, CO and CO2 production rate as well as heat gerneration rate, according to which lower limit oxygen concentration, critic loose coal depth, and upper limit air leakage intensity of spontaneous combustion are deduced. The study set sound foundation for predicting spontaneous combustion of coal.
Extention of caving zone is tested through drilling bores, and air penetration area is determined. And distribution of porosity in the gob is determined through theoretical analysis and investigating sinking hight in the ground of mined out area. In connecting with further laboratory studies, regulation of air permeability coefficient in the gob is obtained.
A fairly complete coupled 3 dimension steady mathematical and physical model of seepage, diffusion and oxidation reaction is put forward to depict mass transfer in the gob during mining near-neighbored coal seams. The model is solved numerically to obtain distribution of air leakage strength and oxygen concentration in the gob of Shuangyashan coal field. The calculated results are compared with critical value of coal self-ignition to partition self-ignition danger zone and predict possible time of spontaneous combustion. The method supplied an approach for predicting coal spontaneous combustion in the gob of fully mechanized top coal long wall workface and during mining near-neighbored coal seams.The predicting results is proved reliable, accurate and can satisfy the demand of preventing and fathering spontaneous combustion in real producton.
Mass transfer in the gob is simulated and“three zones”of coal spontaneous combustion is obtained on condition that injecting CO2 into the gob of different position and flux. Through these studies, an optimized carbon dioxide injecting port and flux is determined which is very meaningful for preventing and extinguishing gob fire through injecting inert gases. According to the above study, a coal seam fire is extinguished successfully by means of injecting fluidized carbon dioxide and gaind enormous economic effect.
论文通过煤样自然发火实验,测定了煤在不同温度下的耗氧速度、CO产生率和二氧化碳产生率及氧化放热强度等参数,据此计算出煤在不同条件下自燃的下限氧浓度,极限浮煤厚度、上限漏风强度等参数,为自燃预测预报奠定了基础。
通过钻孔测定了煤层群开采采空区顶部冒落带的范围,确定了近距离煤层群开采采空区渗流区域,结合双鸭山矿区开采沉陷特征,分析得到采空区空隙率变化规律;进一步结合实验室研究,分析得到煤层群开采采空区不同深度的渗透系数的变化规律。建立了近距离煤层群开采采空区多组分气体的渗流、扩散、氧化反应等多场耦合的较完善的三维数学模型和物理模型。结合双鸭山矿业集团实际条件,运用该模型进行采空区传质数值模拟,得到采空区氧浓度场和渗流场的分布规律,结合采空区自燃危险区域判定理论,划分出近距离煤层群开采自燃危险区域,并实现了自燃危险期的预测。实践表明,该方法的预测结果可靠,精度可满足生产中的防灭火问题。
通过采空区深部开放式注二氧化碳时采空区流场及浓度场的数值模拟,得到不同位置和流量注二氧化碳时综放采空区自燃“三带”的分布范围,得出注二氧化碳流量、灌注口位置等与氧化升温带宽度的关系,进而提出了开放式注二氧化碳的优化技术参数,对指导开放式注惰气防灭火有一定意义。实践证明,运用注液态二氧化碳技术成功扑灭了近距离煤层群开采自燃火区,保障了安全生产,取得了巨大的经济社会效益。
Coal is main energy resource in China. It estimated that over 70% of energy consumpted in China is from coal. Both production and consumption of coal in China ranked No. 1 around the world. Nevertheless, spontaneous combustion of coal is very serious in China which greatly threatened coal safety production. Mining of near-neighbored coal seams is very common in coal enterprises. Large amount of connected cracks are formed during mining near-neighbored coal seams, which causes serious air leakage amoung coal seames, makes spontaneous combustion more easily to take place. The regulation of spontaneous combustion in mining near-neighbored coal seams is more complicated and harder to be predicted. The existing theory to partition spontaneous combustion danger zone is not applicable for partition spontaneous danger zone accurately. Prediction of spontaneous combustion by simulating the whole process of coal spontaneous combuston numerically takes large amount of calculation and is hard to be applied in real production. There is no theory available for predicting spontaneous combustion conveniently.
Spontaneous combustion experiments are carried out to test parameters like oxygen consumption rate, CO and CO2 production rate as well as heat gerneration rate, according to which lower limit oxygen concentration, critic loose coal depth, and upper limit air leakage intensity of spontaneous combustion are deduced. The study set sound foundation for predicting spontaneous combustion of coal.
Extention of caving zone is tested through drilling bores, and air penetration area is determined. And distribution of porosity in the gob is determined through theoretical analysis and investigating sinking hight in the ground of mined out area. In connecting with further laboratory studies, regulation of air permeability coefficient in the gob is obtained.
A fairly complete coupled 3 dimension steady mathematical and physical model of seepage, diffusion and oxidation reaction is put forward to depict mass transfer in the gob during mining near-neighbored coal seams. The model is solved numerically to obtain distribution of air leakage strength and oxygen concentration in the gob of Shuangyashan coal field. The calculated results are compared with critical value of coal self-ignition to partition self-ignition danger zone and predict possible time of spontaneous combustion. The method supplied an approach for predicting coal spontaneous combustion in the gob of fully mechanized top coal long wall workface and during mining near-neighbored coal seams.The predicting results is proved reliable, accurate and can satisfy the demand of preventing and fathering spontaneous combustion in real producton.
Mass transfer in the gob is simulated and“three zones”of coal spontaneous combustion is obtained on condition that injecting CO2 into the gob of different position and flux. Through these studies, an optimized carbon dioxide injecting port and flux is determined which is very meaningful for preventing and extinguishing gob fire through injecting inert gases. According to the above study, a coal seam fire is extinguished successfully by means of injecting fluidized carbon dioxide and gaind enormous economic effect.
引文
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