低渗透煤层高压旋转水射流割缝增透技术及应用研究
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摘要
煤层瓦斯是一种优质高效的洁净能源,同时又是威胁煤矿安全生产的主要灾害源之一。有效地抽采煤层中的瓦斯是减少矿井瓦斯事故的最有效方法之一,而我国多数煤层属于低渗透煤层,解决低渗透煤层瓦斯抽采已成为确保煤矿安全生产、提高煤矿生产效率的关键问题。为了提高低渗透煤层的抽采效率,本文进行了低渗透煤层高压旋转水射流割缝增透技术及其应用的研究。
本文研究了旋转水射流的破岩机理,分为剪切破岩,拉伸破岩,冲蚀破岩和磨削破岩;通过理论分析建立了钻孔内淹没条件下自由旋转水射流流动模型,基于自相似运动理论,推导了钻孔中旋转水射流速度解析解。
通过数值模拟进行了煤层高压水射流割缝增透机理研究,高压旋转水射流在煤层切开对称的两条缝槽后,缝槽区域煤体发生变形,应力场重新分布,缝槽周边煤体因受力屈服发生损伤破坏,裂隙增加,渗透率增大;较远区域煤体因煤层卸压,渗透率随着应力的降低而增大,煤层的透气性得到改善。旋转水射流割缝增透效果优于普通射流割缝。建立了煤层割缝抽采瓦斯运移数学模型。
应用FLUENT软件进行了非淹没和淹没不同喷嘴参数条件下旋转水射流规律的数值模拟,模拟结果表明:射流扩散角和射流速度随着喷嘴出口段长度的增加而减小。根据旋转水射流的动力学参数设计了高压旋转水射流喷嘴,确定叶轮最优导向角为45o、最佳出口段长度为L=1.8D。在距离喷嘴出口70D处,旋转射流环形冲击区域的动压力可达12MPa以上,能够满足破煤要求。
进行了高压旋转水射流割缝装置的研制和技术开发。高压旋转水射流割缝装置包括高压水泵、控制系统、执行系统和辅助系统四部分,形成了一套井下移动方便、高效实用的高压水力冲割系统,该设备的最高工作压力为47MPa、最高供水流量为120L/min。
在鸡西矿业(集团)有限责任公司城山煤矿西二采区3B#煤层右二工作面开展了井下旋转水射流煤层割缝和瓦斯抽采工业试验。试验结果表明:
(1)割缝深度随射流压力的增加非线性增大,但逐渐变缓趋于一极限值;割缝深度随割缝速度的增加而逐渐减小;同一压力和割煤速度下旋转射流的割煤效率比直射流高,是直射流割煤效率的1.37～1.47倍。
(2)确定旋转水射流割缝系统参数为:钻孔直径φ94mm,深度60m,钻孔间距8m,工作泵压40MPa,采用两喷嘴喷头定向割缝,喷嘴的射流方向与钻头的轴线方向垂直,喷嘴直径2mm,喷头移动速度0.1～0.2m/min。割缝双向总深度达1.1m,割缝宽度可达120mm。
(3)对旋转水射流割缝工艺流程进行了设计,并制定了一套切实可行的安全防护措施,保证了旋转水射流割缝技术的顺利实施。
(4)3B#煤层割缝前钻孔的自然初始瓦斯涌出量为19.452×10-3m3/min·hm,割缝后钻孔的自然初始瓦斯涌出量可达54.635×10-3m3/min·hm,百米煤层钻孔(Φ94mm)的极限瓦斯涌出量可达到186.03m3,而割缝后达到565.62m3,割缝后的自然瓦斯涌出量达到割缝前的3.04倍。
(5)百米割缝钻孔和常规钻孔每天抽出纯瓦斯量分别为148.028m3/d.hm和66.037m3/d.hm,百米割缝钻孔瓦斯抽出速度是非割缝钻孔提高2.24倍。在2个月的抽采时间内,割缝钻孔的瓦斯抽采率可达24.42%,常规钻孔的瓦斯抽采率仅为10.48%,割缝钻孔的瓦斯抽采率为对比的常规钻孔瓦斯抽采率的2.33倍。
Coal seam methane is a sort of efficient clean energy, but as the coalbed gas which is one of the main gas disasters threatening coal mine safety in production.Extracting methane in coal seam effectively is one of the most effective methods to reduce the mine gas accident, While most coal seam belongs to low permeability coal seam in China,in order to ensure safe production of coal mine and improve coal production efficiency,solving low permeability gas extraction is a key problem. Slotting and enhancing permeability of coal by high pressure rotational jetting and its appliation in low permeability coal seam were studied in this text to enhance drainage efficiency.
Mechanism of rock breaki were studied in this text ng by shear, extruding, erosion and grind was investigated in this paper.Free rotating water jet flow model under the condition of submerging borehole was established through theoretical analysis, rotating water jet velocity analytical solution in borehole was derived based on self-similar movement theory.
Mechanism of slotting and enhancing permeability by high pressure rotational jetting was researched by numerical simulation,after coal was cut double symmetrical slot by high pressure rotational jetting,coal distortion was caused around slot,stress field was redistributed,damage failure due to yield stress was happened on the periphery of slot. fracture was increased and permeability was enhanced;permeability of distant area coal was increased with the decrease of stress owing to pressure relief, ventilation property of coal seam was improved. Effect of slotting and enhancing permeability by high pressure rotational jetting is better than ordinary excavation cut. Mathematical model of gas extraction migration by slotting was established.
Numerical simulation about rotational jetting rule under the condition of submerged and non-submerged nozzle parameters was done by FLUENT, Simulation results showed that jet diffusion angle and jet velocity was the decreased along with the increase of nozzle exit length. High pressure rotational jetting nozzle was designed based on the kinetic parameters of rotational jetting, The optimal guidance angle for impeller was 45 o and the best export length was L=1.8D. Dynamic pressure of rotational jetting annular impact area can reach at least 12MPa in the distance 70D from nozzle exit that can meet requirements of rock breaking.
High pressure rotational jetting cutting equipment was developed.It was consisted of high-pressure hydraulic pump、control system、executive system and supporting system,that formed a set of downhole mobile and convenient, efficient and practical hydraulic pressure cutting system,the highest working pressure of this equipment is 47Mpa and the highest water flow is 120L/min.
Down-hole coal seam rotational jetting slotting and gas extraction were tested on the right second surface of 3B# coal seam in the western right working area of Chengshan coal mine which belongs to Jixi mining industry (group) limited liability company. The test results show that:
(1)The increase of slot depth was nonlinear with the increase of jet pressure, but the trend became slow gradually and the slot depth tend to be a ultimate value,the increase of slot depth was diminishing with the increase of slotting speed, Eficiency of cutting coal by rotational jetting is 1.37~1.47 times as direct jetting on the same pressure and slotting speed.
(2)The parameters of rotational jetting slotting are shown as follow, boreholes diameter are 94mm and depth is 60m, boreholes pitch are 10m, working pump pressure is 40Mpa, diameter of nozzle is 2mm and translational speed of spray-head is 0.1～0.2m/min when using directional slotting by spray-head with two nozzles and jet direction of nozzle is perpendicular to bit's axis. slotting total depth reachs 1.1 m and ite width reachs 120mm.
(3)Process flow of slotting by rotational jetting was designed and a set of workable safety protective measures were formulated to ensure implementation of rotational jetting.
(4)Naturally initial drilling methane emission of was 19.452×10-3m3/min·hm before slotting in 3B# coal seam,which can reached 54.635×10-3m3/min·hm after slotting. Ultimate methane emission are 186.03m3 of hundreds meters coal seam drill,which can reach 565.62m3 after slotting, naturally initial methane emission of hundreds meters coal seam drill was 3.04 times after slotting as before slotting.
(5)Everyday methane extraction volume of hundreds meters slotting borehole and routine borehole were 148.028m3/d.hm and 66.037m3/d.hm respectively,the speed of extracting methane of meters slotting borehole was 2.24 times as routine borehole. In the two months, methane extraction ratio of slotting borehole can reach 24.42%,which of routine borehole was only 10.48%. Methane extraction ratio of slotting borehole was 2.33 times as routine borehole.
本文研究了旋转水射流的破岩机理,分为剪切破岩,拉伸破岩,冲蚀破岩和磨削破岩;通过理论分析建立了钻孔内淹没条件下自由旋转水射流流动模型,基于自相似运动理论,推导了钻孔中旋转水射流速度解析解。
通过数值模拟进行了煤层高压水射流割缝增透机理研究,高压旋转水射流在煤层切开对称的两条缝槽后,缝槽区域煤体发生变形,应力场重新分布,缝槽周边煤体因受力屈服发生损伤破坏,裂隙增加,渗透率增大;较远区域煤体因煤层卸压,渗透率随着应力的降低而增大,煤层的透气性得到改善。旋转水射流割缝增透效果优于普通射流割缝。建立了煤层割缝抽采瓦斯运移数学模型。
应用FLUENT软件进行了非淹没和淹没不同喷嘴参数条件下旋转水射流规律的数值模拟,模拟结果表明:射流扩散角和射流速度随着喷嘴出口段长度的增加而减小。根据旋转水射流的动力学参数设计了高压旋转水射流喷嘴,确定叶轮最优导向角为45o、最佳出口段长度为L=1.8D。在距离喷嘴出口70D处,旋转射流环形冲击区域的动压力可达12MPa以上,能够满足破煤要求。
进行了高压旋转水射流割缝装置的研制和技术开发。高压旋转水射流割缝装置包括高压水泵、控制系统、执行系统和辅助系统四部分,形成了一套井下移动方便、高效实用的高压水力冲割系统,该设备的最高工作压力为47MPa、最高供水流量为120L/min。
在鸡西矿业(集团)有限责任公司城山煤矿西二采区3B#煤层右二工作面开展了井下旋转水射流煤层割缝和瓦斯抽采工业试验。试验结果表明:
(1)割缝深度随射流压力的增加非线性增大,但逐渐变缓趋于一极限值;割缝深度随割缝速度的增加而逐渐减小;同一压力和割煤速度下旋转射流的割煤效率比直射流高,是直射流割煤效率的1.37～1.47倍。
(2)确定旋转水射流割缝系统参数为:钻孔直径φ94mm,深度60m,钻孔间距8m,工作泵压40MPa,采用两喷嘴喷头定向割缝,喷嘴的射流方向与钻头的轴线方向垂直,喷嘴直径2mm,喷头移动速度0.1～0.2m/min。割缝双向总深度达1.1m,割缝宽度可达120mm。
(3)对旋转水射流割缝工艺流程进行了设计,并制定了一套切实可行的安全防护措施,保证了旋转水射流割缝技术的顺利实施。
(4)3B#煤层割缝前钻孔的自然初始瓦斯涌出量为19.452×10-3m3/min·hm,割缝后钻孔的自然初始瓦斯涌出量可达54.635×10-3m3/min·hm,百米煤层钻孔(Φ94mm)的极限瓦斯涌出量可达到186.03m3,而割缝后达到565.62m3,割缝后的自然瓦斯涌出量达到割缝前的3.04倍。
(5)百米割缝钻孔和常规钻孔每天抽出纯瓦斯量分别为148.028m3/d.hm和66.037m3/d.hm,百米割缝钻孔瓦斯抽出速度是非割缝钻孔提高2.24倍。在2个月的抽采时间内,割缝钻孔的瓦斯抽采率可达24.42%,常规钻孔的瓦斯抽采率仅为10.48%,割缝钻孔的瓦斯抽采率为对比的常规钻孔瓦斯抽采率的2.33倍。
Coal seam methane is a sort of efficient clean energy, but as the coalbed gas which is one of the main gas disasters threatening coal mine safety in production.Extracting methane in coal seam effectively is one of the most effective methods to reduce the mine gas accident, While most coal seam belongs to low permeability coal seam in China,in order to ensure safe production of coal mine and improve coal production efficiency,solving low permeability gas extraction is a key problem. Slotting and enhancing permeability of coal by high pressure rotational jetting and its appliation in low permeability coal seam were studied in this text to enhance drainage efficiency.
Mechanism of rock breaki were studied in this text ng by shear, extruding, erosion and grind was investigated in this paper.Free rotating water jet flow model under the condition of submerging borehole was established through theoretical analysis, rotating water jet velocity analytical solution in borehole was derived based on self-similar movement theory.
Mechanism of slotting and enhancing permeability by high pressure rotational jetting was researched by numerical simulation,after coal was cut double symmetrical slot by high pressure rotational jetting,coal distortion was caused around slot,stress field was redistributed,damage failure due to yield stress was happened on the periphery of slot. fracture was increased and permeability was enhanced;permeability of distant area coal was increased with the decrease of stress owing to pressure relief, ventilation property of coal seam was improved. Effect of slotting and enhancing permeability by high pressure rotational jetting is better than ordinary excavation cut. Mathematical model of gas extraction migration by slotting was established.
Numerical simulation about rotational jetting rule under the condition of submerged and non-submerged nozzle parameters was done by FLUENT, Simulation results showed that jet diffusion angle and jet velocity was the decreased along with the increase of nozzle exit length. High pressure rotational jetting nozzle was designed based on the kinetic parameters of rotational jetting, The optimal guidance angle for impeller was 45 o and the best export length was L=1.8D. Dynamic pressure of rotational jetting annular impact area can reach at least 12MPa in the distance 70D from nozzle exit that can meet requirements of rock breaking.
High pressure rotational jetting cutting equipment was developed.It was consisted of high-pressure hydraulic pump、control system、executive system and supporting system,that formed a set of downhole mobile and convenient, efficient and practical hydraulic pressure cutting system,the highest working pressure of this equipment is 47Mpa and the highest water flow is 120L/min.
Down-hole coal seam rotational jetting slotting and gas extraction were tested on the right second surface of 3B# coal seam in the western right working area of Chengshan coal mine which belongs to Jixi mining industry (group) limited liability company. The test results show that:
(1)The increase of slot depth was nonlinear with the increase of jet pressure, but the trend became slow gradually and the slot depth tend to be a ultimate value,the increase of slot depth was diminishing with the increase of slotting speed, Eficiency of cutting coal by rotational jetting is 1.37~1.47 times as direct jetting on the same pressure and slotting speed.
(2)The parameters of rotational jetting slotting are shown as follow, boreholes diameter are 94mm and depth is 60m, boreholes pitch are 10m, working pump pressure is 40Mpa, diameter of nozzle is 2mm and translational speed of spray-head is 0.1～0.2m/min when using directional slotting by spray-head with two nozzles and jet direction of nozzle is perpendicular to bit's axis. slotting total depth reachs 1.1 m and ite width reachs 120mm.
(3)Process flow of slotting by rotational jetting was designed and a set of workable safety protective measures were formulated to ensure implementation of rotational jetting.
(4)Naturally initial drilling methane emission of was 19.452×10-3m3/min·hm before slotting in 3B# coal seam,which can reached 54.635×10-3m3/min·hm after slotting. Ultimate methane emission are 186.03m3 of hundreds meters coal seam drill,which can reach 565.62m3 after slotting, naturally initial methane emission of hundreds meters coal seam drill was 3.04 times after slotting as before slotting.
(5)Everyday methane extraction volume of hundreds meters slotting borehole and routine borehole were 148.028m3/d.hm and 66.037m3/d.hm respectively,the speed of extracting methane of meters slotting borehole was 2.24 times as routine borehole. In the two months, methane extraction ratio of slotting borehole can reach 24.42%,which of routine borehole was only 10.48%. Methane extraction ratio of slotting borehole was 2.33 times as routine borehole.
引文
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