多用户MISO/MIMO无线通信系统下行链路传输技术研究
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摘要
多用户多输入单输出(MISO)/多输入多输出(MIMO)技术由于能够在相同的时间和频率上实现多数据流和多用户的空间复用并提供丰富的空间分集增益和多用户分集增益,有望成为未来无线通信系统的核心技术。国际上,围绕MISO/MIMO技术已有许多富有成效的开拓性研究工作,本文将在此基础上对多用户MISO/MIMO无线通信系统下行链路的传输技术做进一步深入地研究。主要研究内容包括:次优的脏纸编码(DPC)方案、基于和MSE(SMSE)最小化的线性传输方案、稳健性的线性传输方案以及有限反馈多用户MISO/MIMO下行链路中的波束成形。
为了避免最优DPC方案中计算最优发射处理矩阵带来的较高复杂度,在多用户MIMO下行链路中提出了一种次优的DPC传输方案—分块逼零DPC(Block ZF-DPC)方案以及相应的多用户调度算法。该方案通过复杂度较低的矩阵零空间运算来获得次优的发射处理矩阵,当总用户数等于系统的最大活动用户数上限时该方案能渐进地获得最优DPC方案的和速率。为了获得多用户分集增益,为Block ZF-DPC方案设计了两种次优的多用户调度算法,它们能以与用户数成线性关系的复杂度获得接近于最优调度算法的和速率性能以及最优的空间复用增益和多用户分集增益。
在基站(BS)具有精确信道状态信息(CSI)的假设下,论文深入研究了多用户MISO/MIMO下行链路中的线性传输方案并针对多用户MIMO下行链路提出了一种新型的基于SMSE最小化的线性传输方案。该方案将总发射功率约束条件整合到目标函数中,并通过对下行链路中发射/接收处理矩阵的交替优化来解决SMSE最小化问题。分析和仿真结果显示该方案采用的SMSE最小化算法具有全局最优性,而且具有比现有方案更好的误符号率(SER)性能、更低的复杂度以及更快的收敛速度。
为了减小信道估计误差给多用户MIMO下行链路带来的性能损失,提出了一种基于条件SMSE最小化的稳健性线性传输方案。作者首先推导了信道估计值已知情况下真实信道的条件分布,然后通过在各用户发射功率单独受限的约束下最小化条件SMSE来优化各用户的发射/接收处理矩阵。与非稳健性传输方案相比,该方案对信道估计误差具有明显的稳健性以及良好的收敛特性,需要的额外计算量也较低。
针对有限反馈多用户MISO下行链路中现有逼零波束成形(ZFBF)方案的反馈总量随用户数线性增加的缺点,本文在其基础上提出了一种带反馈门限的ZFBF方案,通过在每个用户终端设置适当的反馈条件和反馈门限将系统的平均反馈总量限制在一个较小的固定上限值以下。根据导出的反馈概率上限和反馈门限设计准则给出了门限的计算公式和溢出概率的近似计算方法,在理论上分析了该方案的渐进性能。仿真结果验证了门限设计方法和理论分析的正确性,同时也显示该方案能以较低的反馈总量获得接近于现有无门限ZFBF方案的性能。
有限反馈多用户MIMO-正交频分多址(OFDMA)下行链路中现有的随机波束成形(RBF)方案同样存在反馈总量随用户数线性增加的缺点,本文在其基础上提出了一种带反馈门限的RBF方案,通过在每个子载波上设置适当的反馈条件和反馈门限使得系统的平均反馈总量随用户数的增加速率不超过用户数的自然对数函数。根据导出的反馈概率上限和反馈门限设计准则给出了门限的求解方程,在理论上分析了该方案的渐进性能并给出了溢出概率的理论上限。仿真结果验证了门限设计方法和理论分析的正确性,同时也显示该方案在用户数趋于无穷大时能够渐进地获得现有无门限RBF方案的频谱效率和最优的多用户分集增益。
Multi-user Multiple Input Single Output (MISO)/Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technology is a promising key technique for future wireless communication systems due to its potentials to achieve spatial multiplexing of multiple data streams and users at the same time and frequency channel as well as rich spatial diversity gain and multi-user diversity gain. Based on the existing worldwide innovative researches, this dissertation further investigates the downlink transmission techniques of multi-user MISO/MIMO wireless communication systems. Key contents of this dissertation include sub-optimal Dirty Paper Coding (DPC) scheme, linear transmission schemes based on Sum Mean Square Error (SMSE) minimization, robust linear transmission schemes and beamforming schemes in the limited-feedback multi-user MISO/MIMO downlink.
In order to avoid the relatively high complexity introduced by calculating the optimal transmit processing matrices in the optimal DPC scheme, a sub-optimal Block Zero-Forcing DPC (Block ZF-DPC), associated with two multi-user scheduling algorithms, are proposed for the multi-user MIMO downlink. The Block ZF-DPC adopts sub-optimal transmit processing matrices calculated by simple matrix null space operations. The Block ZF-DPC scheme can asymptotically achieve the sum rate of the optimal DPC scheme if the number of users equals to the upper bound on the active users. Meanwhile, two sub-optimal multi-user scheduling algorithms which have linear complexity with respect to the number of users are designed for the Block ZF-DPC. Both sub-optimal scheduling algorithms can approach the sum rate of the optimal scheduling algorithm and can achieve the optimal spatial multiplexing gain as well as the optimal multi-user diversity gain
Assuming that the perfect Channel State Information (CSI) is available at Base Station (BS), this dissertation investigates in detail the linear transmission schemes in the multi-user MISO/MIMO downlink and a novel linear transmission scheme based on SMSE minimization is proposed for the multi-user MIMO downlink. This novel scheme incorporates the total transmit power constraint into the objective function and solves the SMSE minimization problem by alternative optimizing the transmit/receive processing matrices in the downlink. Simulation results demonstrate that the SMSE minimization algorithm of this scheme is globally optimal and this novel scheme has better Symbol Error Rate(SER) performance,less complexity and faster convergence speed than the existing scheme.
With the objective to mitigate the performance degradation induced by channel estimation error in the multi-user MIMO downlink, a robust linear transmission scheme based on conditional SMSE minimization is proposed. The distribution of the real channel conditional on imperfect channel estimates is firstly derived, then the transmit/receive processing matrices are optimized by minimizing the conditional SMSE under individual power constraints. Compared to the non-robust transmission scheme, this scheme exhibits obvious robustness to the channel estimation error, excellent convergence property and low extra computation load.
The existing Zero Forcing Beamforming (ZFBF) scheme in the limited-feedback multi-user MISO downlink has a drawback that the total feedback amount increases linearly with the number of users. Based on the existing ZFBF scheme, a ZFBF scheme with feedback threshold is proposed. By introducing an appropriate feedback condition and a feedback threshold at each terminal, this scheme constrains the average total feedback amount by a relatively small and fixed upper bound. Based on the derived upper bound on the feedback probability and feedback threshold design criterion, the formula of the feedback threshold and an approximate method to compute the overflowing probability are presented and the asymptotical performance of this scheme is theoretically analyzed. Simulation results validate the threshold design and theoretical analysis and also demonstrate that the proposed ZFBF scheme with feedback threshold can approach the performance of the existing ZFBF scheme without feedback threshold with reduced total feedback amount.
In the limited-feedback multi-user MIMO-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) downlink, the existing Random Beamforming (RBF) scheme also has the drawback that the total feedback amount increases linearly with the number of users. Based on the existing RBF scheme, a RBF scheme with feedback threshold is proposed. This scheme introduces an appropriate feedback condition and a feedback threshold at each subcarrier so that the growing speed of the total average feedback amount with the number of users is slower than the natural logarithm function. According to the derived upper bound on the feedback probability and feedback threshold design criterion, the equation of the feedback threshold is derived. Meanwhile, the asymptotical performance of this scheme is theoretically analyzed and an upper bound on the overflowing bound is presented. Simulation results validate the threshold design and theoretical analysis and also demonstrate that the proposed scheme can asymptotically achieve the spectrum efficiency of the existing RBF scheme without feedback threshold and the optimal multi-user diversity gain as the number of users approaches infinity.
为了避免最优DPC方案中计算最优发射处理矩阵带来的较高复杂度,在多用户MIMO下行链路中提出了一种次优的DPC传输方案—分块逼零DPC(Block ZF-DPC)方案以及相应的多用户调度算法。该方案通过复杂度较低的矩阵零空间运算来获得次优的发射处理矩阵,当总用户数等于系统的最大活动用户数上限时该方案能渐进地获得最优DPC方案的和速率。为了获得多用户分集增益,为Block ZF-DPC方案设计了两种次优的多用户调度算法,它们能以与用户数成线性关系的复杂度获得接近于最优调度算法的和速率性能以及最优的空间复用增益和多用户分集增益。
在基站(BS)具有精确信道状态信息(CSI)的假设下,论文深入研究了多用户MISO/MIMO下行链路中的线性传输方案并针对多用户MIMO下行链路提出了一种新型的基于SMSE最小化的线性传输方案。该方案将总发射功率约束条件整合到目标函数中,并通过对下行链路中发射/接收处理矩阵的交替优化来解决SMSE最小化问题。分析和仿真结果显示该方案采用的SMSE最小化算法具有全局最优性,而且具有比现有方案更好的误符号率(SER)性能、更低的复杂度以及更快的收敛速度。
为了减小信道估计误差给多用户MIMO下行链路带来的性能损失,提出了一种基于条件SMSE最小化的稳健性线性传输方案。作者首先推导了信道估计值已知情况下真实信道的条件分布,然后通过在各用户发射功率单独受限的约束下最小化条件SMSE来优化各用户的发射/接收处理矩阵。与非稳健性传输方案相比,该方案对信道估计误差具有明显的稳健性以及良好的收敛特性,需要的额外计算量也较低。
针对有限反馈多用户MISO下行链路中现有逼零波束成形(ZFBF)方案的反馈总量随用户数线性增加的缺点,本文在其基础上提出了一种带反馈门限的ZFBF方案,通过在每个用户终端设置适当的反馈条件和反馈门限将系统的平均反馈总量限制在一个较小的固定上限值以下。根据导出的反馈概率上限和反馈门限设计准则给出了门限的计算公式和溢出概率的近似计算方法,在理论上分析了该方案的渐进性能。仿真结果验证了门限设计方法和理论分析的正确性,同时也显示该方案能以较低的反馈总量获得接近于现有无门限ZFBF方案的性能。
有限反馈多用户MIMO-正交频分多址(OFDMA)下行链路中现有的随机波束成形(RBF)方案同样存在反馈总量随用户数线性增加的缺点,本文在其基础上提出了一种带反馈门限的RBF方案,通过在每个子载波上设置适当的反馈条件和反馈门限使得系统的平均反馈总量随用户数的增加速率不超过用户数的自然对数函数。根据导出的反馈概率上限和反馈门限设计准则给出了门限的求解方程,在理论上分析了该方案的渐进性能并给出了溢出概率的理论上限。仿真结果验证了门限设计方法和理论分析的正确性,同时也显示该方案在用户数趋于无穷大时能够渐进地获得现有无门限RBF方案的频谱效率和最优的多用户分集增益。
Multi-user Multiple Input Single Output (MISO)/Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technology is a promising key technique for future wireless communication systems due to its potentials to achieve spatial multiplexing of multiple data streams and users at the same time and frequency channel as well as rich spatial diversity gain and multi-user diversity gain. Based on the existing worldwide innovative researches, this dissertation further investigates the downlink transmission techniques of multi-user MISO/MIMO wireless communication systems. Key contents of this dissertation include sub-optimal Dirty Paper Coding (DPC) scheme, linear transmission schemes based on Sum Mean Square Error (SMSE) minimization, robust linear transmission schemes and beamforming schemes in the limited-feedback multi-user MISO/MIMO downlink.
In order to avoid the relatively high complexity introduced by calculating the optimal transmit processing matrices in the optimal DPC scheme, a sub-optimal Block Zero-Forcing DPC (Block ZF-DPC), associated with two multi-user scheduling algorithms, are proposed for the multi-user MIMO downlink. The Block ZF-DPC adopts sub-optimal transmit processing matrices calculated by simple matrix null space operations. The Block ZF-DPC scheme can asymptotically achieve the sum rate of the optimal DPC scheme if the number of users equals to the upper bound on the active users. Meanwhile, two sub-optimal multi-user scheduling algorithms which have linear complexity with respect to the number of users are designed for the Block ZF-DPC. Both sub-optimal scheduling algorithms can approach the sum rate of the optimal scheduling algorithm and can achieve the optimal spatial multiplexing gain as well as the optimal multi-user diversity gain
Assuming that the perfect Channel State Information (CSI) is available at Base Station (BS), this dissertation investigates in detail the linear transmission schemes in the multi-user MISO/MIMO downlink and a novel linear transmission scheme based on SMSE minimization is proposed for the multi-user MIMO downlink. This novel scheme incorporates the total transmit power constraint into the objective function and solves the SMSE minimization problem by alternative optimizing the transmit/receive processing matrices in the downlink. Simulation results demonstrate that the SMSE minimization algorithm of this scheme is globally optimal and this novel scheme has better Symbol Error Rate(SER) performance,less complexity and faster convergence speed than the existing scheme.
With the objective to mitigate the performance degradation induced by channel estimation error in the multi-user MIMO downlink, a robust linear transmission scheme based on conditional SMSE minimization is proposed. The distribution of the real channel conditional on imperfect channel estimates is firstly derived, then the transmit/receive processing matrices are optimized by minimizing the conditional SMSE under individual power constraints. Compared to the non-robust transmission scheme, this scheme exhibits obvious robustness to the channel estimation error, excellent convergence property and low extra computation load.
The existing Zero Forcing Beamforming (ZFBF) scheme in the limited-feedback multi-user MISO downlink has a drawback that the total feedback amount increases linearly with the number of users. Based on the existing ZFBF scheme, a ZFBF scheme with feedback threshold is proposed. By introducing an appropriate feedback condition and a feedback threshold at each terminal, this scheme constrains the average total feedback amount by a relatively small and fixed upper bound. Based on the derived upper bound on the feedback probability and feedback threshold design criterion, the formula of the feedback threshold and an approximate method to compute the overflowing probability are presented and the asymptotical performance of this scheme is theoretically analyzed. Simulation results validate the threshold design and theoretical analysis and also demonstrate that the proposed ZFBF scheme with feedback threshold can approach the performance of the existing ZFBF scheme without feedback threshold with reduced total feedback amount.
In the limited-feedback multi-user MIMO-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) downlink, the existing Random Beamforming (RBF) scheme also has the drawback that the total feedback amount increases linearly with the number of users. Based on the existing RBF scheme, a RBF scheme with feedback threshold is proposed. This scheme introduces an appropriate feedback condition and a feedback threshold at each subcarrier so that the growing speed of the total average feedback amount with the number of users is slower than the natural logarithm function. According to the derived upper bound on the feedback probability and feedback threshold design criterion, the equation of the feedback threshold is derived. Meanwhile, the asymptotical performance of this scheme is theoretically analyzed and an upper bound on the overflowing bound is presented. Simulation results validate the threshold design and theoretical analysis and also demonstrate that the proposed scheme can asymptotically achieve the spectrum efficiency of the existing RBF scheme without feedback threshold and the optimal multi-user diversity gain as the number of users approaches infinity.
引文
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