爆炸致裂的岩石动态力学行为与断裂控制试验研究
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摘要
应用动焦散线实验技术系统研究了爆炸裂纹的超动态破坏力学特征以及断裂控制机理。分析了有机玻璃板单孔、双孔爆炸的试验表征,揭示了焦散斑与爆炸裂纹尖端动态力学行为的关系,阐释了爆炸应力波、爆生气体如何促使爆炸裂纹的扩展,获得了爆炸裂纹的动态断裂力学特征量变化规律；研究了空孔、层理和断续贯通裂纹的爆炸致裂扩展规律,利用小空孔的焦散斑特征得到了爆炸应力场主应力差的大小和方向的时程变化,获得了爆炸应力波在预制贯通裂纹端部衍生的分支裂纹扩展规律,爆炸主裂纹偏移一段距离后能穿过层理继续扩展,而爆炸主裂纹一般难以穿过预制贯通裂纹继续扩展；研究了聚能药卷的定向断裂爆破机理,分析了双缝线射流、双孔点射流、半管射流聚能药卷的爆炸断裂控制动态力学特征,提出了三种聚能药卷定向断裂爆破的工程应用技术设想。
Dynamic caustics experimental technique is used to study on dynamic mechanical characteristics and fracture control of the propagation of explosion crack. It is analysed of the experimental characterization of single and double holes under blasting load in PMMA. with explosion tests and fracture mechanics characterization of behavior are preceded. The relationships of mechanical behaviour between caustics'features of the crack tip have been revealed. The study explains both the explosion stress wave and gas products how to promote the propagation of blast crack, and also obtains the varieties with characteristic parameters of dynamic fracture mechanics of blast cracks; The experiments have been researched on the dynamic fracture behaviours of which are about of the empty holes, the bedding, the intermittent through cracks. Time course changes are gotten in the values and orientation of the main stress difference of the explosion stress field with the caustics characteristics of these small air holes. Propagating rules of the derived branch cracks from the ends of derivative through cracks are obtained under the explosive stress wave. The research results show that the direction of its propagation is different from the original one after a crack has crossed bedding, while the main crack usually can not go through the pre-fabricated crack to continue expansion. It has a good detail about the directional fracture mechanism of the cumulative energy cartridge, and also analyzes the dynamic characteristics of directional fracture control blasting both the double-seam thread jets and double-hole point jets and half-pipe point jets. Technical ideas are brought forward that the three cumulative energy cartridge constructions should be utilized in the directional fracture blasting.
Dynamic caustics experimental technique is used to study on dynamic mechanical characteristics and fracture control of the propagation of explosion crack. It is analysed of the experimental characterization of single and double holes under blasting load in PMMA. with explosion tests and fracture mechanics characterization of behavior are preceded. The relationships of mechanical behaviour between caustics'features of the crack tip have been revealed. The study explains both the explosion stress wave and gas products how to promote the propagation of blast crack, and also obtains the varieties with characteristic parameters of dynamic fracture mechanics of blast cracks; The experiments have been researched on the dynamic fracture behaviours of which are about of the empty holes, the bedding, the intermittent through cracks. Time course changes are gotten in the values and orientation of the main stress difference of the explosion stress field with the caustics characteristics of these small air holes. Propagating rules of the derived branch cracks from the ends of derivative through cracks are obtained under the explosive stress wave. The research results show that the direction of its propagation is different from the original one after a crack has crossed bedding, while the main crack usually can not go through the pre-fabricated crack to continue expansion. It has a good detail about the directional fracture mechanism of the cumulative energy cartridge, and also analyzes the dynamic characteristics of directional fracture control blasting both the double-seam thread jets and double-hole point jets and half-pipe point jets. Technical ideas are brought forward that the three cumulative energy cartridge constructions should be utilized in the directional fracture blasting.
引文
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