东濮凹陷文留地区沙河街组油气成藏机理研究
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摘要
本论文在东濮凹陷油气勘探实践的基础上,充分吸收前人个方面的研究成果,深入研究烃源岩特征、油源对比和油气富集主控因素,并结合烃源岩生排烃史、成藏期次,解剖研究区油气运移、聚集和成藏过程,建立油气成藏模式。
文东地堑带、文东滚动背斜带、文东反向屋脊带均受控于文东1、2号断层,构造带继承性发育程度高,构造形态完整,圈闭幅度大。文中早期地垒形成时间早,圈闭类型好,构造幅度大,油气富集程度高,文中后期地垒形成时间晚,定型时间晚,断块破碎,油气富集程度较低。文西近洼带直接受控于文西2号晚期定型断层,以断块类型居多,侧向封闭条件稍差,油气富集受局部构造背景控制。
通过对研究区烃源岩和原油的地化分析,剖析烃源岩与原油的地球化学特征,建立了源-藏空间对应关系。油气源对比认为文留地区油气主要来源于沙三段烃源岩,纵向上原油地球化学特征类似,应该来源同一套烃源岩,但原油成熟度有一定差异,浅层的成熟度较低,中深层成熟度高,近洼构造带的原油成熟度最高。文西与文东原油生物标志物特征有一定差异,文西地区原油具有高伽玛蜡烷,C27~C29甾烷的分布模式为反“L”型分布,原油来源于文西及近洼的烃源岩,文东地区原油主要来源于文留地区及前梨园洼陷超盐沉积环境的烃源岩,原油具有极高的伽玛蜡烷含量,C27~C29甾烷以C27甾烷略占优势的不对称“V”型分布。以文西Ⅲ号断层为界,文西Ⅲ号断层西的原油主要来源于文西及近洼沙三段烃源岩,以东则来源于前梨园洼陷及文留地区的烃源岩,文西Ⅲ号断层是文西文东油源分割断层。
通过油源精细对比建立的源-藏空间对应关系,结合研究区断层的活动时期、活动强度和砂体分布的研究,利用高压物性、生物标志化合物等特征指标确定油气运移路径。指出前梨园洼陷油气沿砂体向中央隆起带运移,至文中地区附近油气继续沿文东段层系和砂体的疏导体系向文中地区构造高部位聚集成藏。
文留地区油气藏成藏期主要在东营期。各地区成藏时间与期次略有差异,文东地区中深层沙三段油气藏有两期成藏特征,第一期为沙一~东营沉积期(33Ma~23Ma),在东营中后期为大规模充注,第二期在馆陶组~明化镇组沉积期(10Ma~0Ma)。文西地区沙三段也存在两期成藏的特征,第一期为东营组沉积中后期(28Ma~23Ma),第二期为馆陶组~明化镇组沉积期(13Ma~0Ma)。沙二段油气藏成藏时间要晚于沙三段,主要为单期次成藏,主要成藏时间为东营沉积中末期~抬升剥蚀期(30Ma~17Ma),为沙三段油气藏在构造活跃期调整形成的油气藏;文留地区东营组油气藏成藏时间晚于沙二油气藏,成藏时间为东营沉积末期~抬升期。总之,文留地区沙三段油气藏具有成藏早、定型晚,文东早于文西;剖面上具有中深层早、浅层晚的特征。综合分析文留油气藏的成藏模式主要有三种类型,及近洼自生型、油源断层控制的调整型、与浅层次生型。
This paper systematically studied the characteristics of crude oil and source rocks, the crude oil and oil source correlation and control factor of hydrocarbon accumulation, based on the practice oil and gas exploration and full absorption of all previous research results on the Dong pu depression. Combined with the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion history of the source rocks, the hydrocarbon migration and accumulation process, and periods of accumulation in the study area, the mode of hydrocarbon accumulation was established.
The Wendong graben belt, Wendong rolling anticline belt, Wendong anti-ridge belt were controlled by the faults 1 and 2. These structural belts had a high degree of structural inheritance, so structural integrity is high. The salt beds of Sha1 to the upper Sha2 and Wen 9 that were main controlling factors for oil and gas accumulation in Wendong area are regional cap rocks. The earlier-forming Horst in the Wenzhong the had high oil and gas accumulation as a result of large closure proportion and altitude of the structure traps. On the contrary, the Horst in Wenzhong formed late, had less oil and gas accumulation because the faults block was broken. The structure of Wenxi area near to the depression was controlled by the fault 2 formed late directly, There were many kinds of fault block type and lateral worse closure conditions, so oil and gas accumulation was controlled by the local tectonic setting.
By analysis of the geochemical characteristics of source rock and crude oil, the spatial relationships of the source-oil pool was established. The oil source correlation indicates that the oil and gas mainly came from the Sha3 source rocks, Vertically, because of similar geochemical characteristics of crude oil, the source should be the same source rocks, but there were some differences in the maturity of crude oil, the maturity of crude oil became high with depth, the maturity near the depression was the highest. There are also some differences in biomarkers of crude oil between in Wendong and Wenxi areas. The crude oil in Wendxi area with high gammacerane and pattern of anti-"L" of C27 ~ C29 sterane distribution is from the Wendxi area. The crude oil with a high gammacerane content and asymmetric "V"-type distribution of C27 ~ C29 steranes C27 was mainly from the Wengxi area and the Qianliyuan depression with super-salt sedimentary environment. The faultⅢ, was boundary of hydrocarbon source rocks between the Wendong and Wenxi area. To west of faultⅢ, the crude oil was mainly from the Wenxi area and Sha3 source rocks near the depression, to east, the crude oil was from hydrocarbon source rocks in the Qianliyuan depression and the Wenliu areas.
By analysis of salt rock characteristics, abnormal pressure distribution, fault characteristics and configuration of sand body with faults, the results showed that the oil and gas enrichment was controlled by many factors that varied with different areas. Controlling factors for oil and gas distribution in study area were the oil source rock, the configuration of fault with oil source, reservoir and capping conditions which co-determine hydrocarbon abundance in the various structural zones.
The main hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in Wenliui area was the Dongying period. The pool of Sha3 member in Wendong area was two oil accumulation periods which was similar to sha3 member in Wenxi area, the first was the sha1 to the Dongying sedimentary period(33 Ma~23 Ma)),especially, the extensive oil filing occurred at late the Dongying sedimentary period, the later is the Guantao formation to the Minghuazhen Formation sedimentary period; The reservoir forming period of Sha2 is later than that of Sha3 member, it is a single-period reservoir forming that was result of re-adjustment of the Sha3 reservoir in active tectonic stage, its main accumulation time is from the late Dongying deposition period to the uplift period (30Ma ~ 17 Ma). The Dongying formation reservoir in the Wenliu area formed late than the Sha2, its main forming time was from the end of the Dongying period to uplifting period.
In short, the Sha3 pool in the Wenliu area was formed early, but was finalized late. The Sha3 pool in the Wendong area showed earlier forming time than in the Wendong area, vertically, the pools in mid-depth and deep formations were earlier than in shallow formations. there were three types of the oil and gas accumulation model : Primary pool near to depression, Adjustment pool controlled by source rock and fault, and Secondary pool with shallow depth.
文东地堑带、文东滚动背斜带、文东反向屋脊带均受控于文东1、2号断层,构造带继承性发育程度高,构造形态完整,圈闭幅度大。文中早期地垒形成时间早,圈闭类型好,构造幅度大,油气富集程度高,文中后期地垒形成时间晚,定型时间晚,断块破碎,油气富集程度较低。文西近洼带直接受控于文西2号晚期定型断层,以断块类型居多,侧向封闭条件稍差,油气富集受局部构造背景控制。
通过对研究区烃源岩和原油的地化分析,剖析烃源岩与原油的地球化学特征,建立了源-藏空间对应关系。油气源对比认为文留地区油气主要来源于沙三段烃源岩,纵向上原油地球化学特征类似,应该来源同一套烃源岩,但原油成熟度有一定差异,浅层的成熟度较低,中深层成熟度高,近洼构造带的原油成熟度最高。文西与文东原油生物标志物特征有一定差异,文西地区原油具有高伽玛蜡烷,C27~C29甾烷的分布模式为反“L”型分布,原油来源于文西及近洼的烃源岩,文东地区原油主要来源于文留地区及前梨园洼陷超盐沉积环境的烃源岩,原油具有极高的伽玛蜡烷含量,C27~C29甾烷以C27甾烷略占优势的不对称“V”型分布。以文西Ⅲ号断层为界,文西Ⅲ号断层西的原油主要来源于文西及近洼沙三段烃源岩,以东则来源于前梨园洼陷及文留地区的烃源岩,文西Ⅲ号断层是文西文东油源分割断层。
通过油源精细对比建立的源-藏空间对应关系,结合研究区断层的活动时期、活动强度和砂体分布的研究,利用高压物性、生物标志化合物等特征指标确定油气运移路径。指出前梨园洼陷油气沿砂体向中央隆起带运移,至文中地区附近油气继续沿文东段层系和砂体的疏导体系向文中地区构造高部位聚集成藏。
文留地区油气藏成藏期主要在东营期。各地区成藏时间与期次略有差异,文东地区中深层沙三段油气藏有两期成藏特征,第一期为沙一~东营沉积期(33Ma~23Ma),在东营中后期为大规模充注,第二期在馆陶组~明化镇组沉积期(10Ma~0Ma)。文西地区沙三段也存在两期成藏的特征,第一期为东营组沉积中后期(28Ma~23Ma),第二期为馆陶组~明化镇组沉积期(13Ma~0Ma)。沙二段油气藏成藏时间要晚于沙三段,主要为单期次成藏,主要成藏时间为东营沉积中末期~抬升剥蚀期(30Ma~17Ma),为沙三段油气藏在构造活跃期调整形成的油气藏;文留地区东营组油气藏成藏时间晚于沙二油气藏,成藏时间为东营沉积末期~抬升期。总之,文留地区沙三段油气藏具有成藏早、定型晚,文东早于文西;剖面上具有中深层早、浅层晚的特征。综合分析文留油气藏的成藏模式主要有三种类型,及近洼自生型、油源断层控制的调整型、与浅层次生型。
This paper systematically studied the characteristics of crude oil and source rocks, the crude oil and oil source correlation and control factor of hydrocarbon accumulation, based on the practice oil and gas exploration and full absorption of all previous research results on the Dong pu depression. Combined with the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion history of the source rocks, the hydrocarbon migration and accumulation process, and periods of accumulation in the study area, the mode of hydrocarbon accumulation was established.
The Wendong graben belt, Wendong rolling anticline belt, Wendong anti-ridge belt were controlled by the faults 1 and 2. These structural belts had a high degree of structural inheritance, so structural integrity is high. The salt beds of Sha1 to the upper Sha2 and Wen 9 that were main controlling factors for oil and gas accumulation in Wendong area are regional cap rocks. The earlier-forming Horst in the Wenzhong the had high oil and gas accumulation as a result of large closure proportion and altitude of the structure traps. On the contrary, the Horst in Wenzhong formed late, had less oil and gas accumulation because the faults block was broken. The structure of Wenxi area near to the depression was controlled by the fault 2 formed late directly, There were many kinds of fault block type and lateral worse closure conditions, so oil and gas accumulation was controlled by the local tectonic setting.
By analysis of the geochemical characteristics of source rock and crude oil, the spatial relationships of the source-oil pool was established. The oil source correlation indicates that the oil and gas mainly came from the Sha3 source rocks, Vertically, because of similar geochemical characteristics of crude oil, the source should be the same source rocks, but there were some differences in the maturity of crude oil, the maturity of crude oil became high with depth, the maturity near the depression was the highest. There are also some differences in biomarkers of crude oil between in Wendong and Wenxi areas. The crude oil in Wendxi area with high gammacerane and pattern of anti-"L" of C27 ~ C29 sterane distribution is from the Wendxi area. The crude oil with a high gammacerane content and asymmetric "V"-type distribution of C27 ~ C29 steranes C27 was mainly from the Wengxi area and the Qianliyuan depression with super-salt sedimentary environment. The faultⅢ, was boundary of hydrocarbon source rocks between the Wendong and Wenxi area. To west of faultⅢ, the crude oil was mainly from the Wenxi area and Sha3 source rocks near the depression, to east, the crude oil was from hydrocarbon source rocks in the Qianliyuan depression and the Wenliu areas.
By analysis of salt rock characteristics, abnormal pressure distribution, fault characteristics and configuration of sand body with faults, the results showed that the oil and gas enrichment was controlled by many factors that varied with different areas. Controlling factors for oil and gas distribution in study area were the oil source rock, the configuration of fault with oil source, reservoir and capping conditions which co-determine hydrocarbon abundance in the various structural zones.
The main hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in Wenliui area was the Dongying period. The pool of Sha3 member in Wendong area was two oil accumulation periods which was similar to sha3 member in Wenxi area, the first was the sha1 to the Dongying sedimentary period(33 Ma~23 Ma)),especially, the extensive oil filing occurred at late the Dongying sedimentary period, the later is the Guantao formation to the Minghuazhen Formation sedimentary period; The reservoir forming period of Sha2 is later than that of Sha3 member, it is a single-period reservoir forming that was result of re-adjustment of the Sha3 reservoir in active tectonic stage, its main accumulation time is from the late Dongying deposition period to the uplift period (30Ma ~ 17 Ma). The Dongying formation reservoir in the Wenliu area formed late than the Sha2, its main forming time was from the end of the Dongying period to uplifting period.
In short, the Sha3 pool in the Wenliu area was formed early, but was finalized late. The Sha3 pool in the Wendong area showed earlier forming time than in the Wendong area, vertically, the pools in mid-depth and deep formations were earlier than in shallow formations. there were three types of the oil and gas accumulation model : Primary pool near to depression, Adjustment pool controlled by source rock and fault, and Secondary pool with shallow depth.
引文
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