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三肇凹陷源区内外扶杨油层油成藏机制研究
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摘要
本论文主要研究范围是松辽盆地三肇凹陷及其周边地区,重点研究该区扶杨油层油运移机制及过程、油成藏时期及模式、油成藏主控因素,进而对油成藏有利区进行预测。
     通过对三肇凹陷、尚家地区、宋站南地区及长10区块扶杨油层原油物理性质进行统计,原油族组成特征分析,全烃色谱分析,并结合Pr/nC17与深度关系,Ph/nC18与深度关系,Pr/Ph与深度关系,Pr/nC17与Ph/nC18关系对比,对上述研究区内扶杨油层原油进行对比得到几个地区扶杨油层原油具有同源的特征,主要来自三肇凹陷青一段源岩;通过对源岩发育及分布特征及地球化学指标研究得到三肇凹陷青一段源岩可以为扶杨油层提供较充足的油源。通过对研究区内断裂发育特征及活动期次研究,并结合断裂与青一段源岩及扶杨油层油藏之间关系对扶杨油层油源断裂进行了拆分,得到扶杨油层的油源断裂主要是坳陷期断裂(Ⅱ型)和断陷期形成坳陷期继续活动的断裂(Ⅰ—Ⅱ型)。在研究区扶杨油层断裂和砂体输导通道类型研究的基础上,对源内和源外扶杨油层油运移机制进行研究,得到源内油运移机制有2种:一种是青一段源岩生成油在古超压作用下“倒灌”运移进入扶杨油层后,再短距离侧向运移而聚集成藏;另一种是断裂将青一段源岩错断,使青一段源岩与扶杨油层接触,青一段源岩生成的油便在浮力作用下侧向运移进入扶杨油层。源外油运移机制为先是超压作用下青一段源岩生成的油向下“倒灌”运移或是由于青一段源岩与扶杨油层侧接而侧向运移进入扶杨油层,然后沿砂体配合断裂由三肇凹陷向源外的构造高部位侧向运移,如尚家地区和宋站南地区扶杨油层;或是沿断裂配合砂体向源外构造高部位侧向运移,如长10区块。在对三肇凹陷源内和源外扶杨油层运移机制研究的基础上,对源内和源外扶杨油层油成藏主控因素进行总结,得到源内油成藏主要受青一段油向下“倒灌”运移范围;断裂密集带及断裂与砂体配合而形成的地垒构造的控制;源外油成藏主要受距离油源岩区的距离,油运移路径及圈闭内砂体发育的控制。源内油成藏模式一种是扶杨油层断层圈闭直接位于青一段源岩之下,由T2源断裂直接连接。青一段源岩生成油在超压作用下通过T2源断裂直接“倒灌”运移进入扶杨油层断层圈闭中,不须经过砂体长距离侧向运移便可以聚集成藏;另一种模式是青一段源岩和扶杨油层之间由于存在着大量的T2断裂,这些断裂将青一段源岩错断,使青一段源岩与下伏扶杨油层侧接,青一段源岩生成的油在浮力的作用下可直接向与其对接的扶杨油层中侧向运移,进入扶杨油层中的油便在其内聚集成藏。源外油成藏模式主要为三肇凹陷青一段源岩生成的油在古超压作用下“倒灌”运移或是侧接而侧向运移进入扶杨油层后,再在浮力作用下沿断裂沟通的砂体或者被砂体沟通的断裂密集带侧向运移至源外的构造高部位圈闭中聚集成藏。最后在综合上述研究的基础上对三肇凹陷、尚家地区、宋南地区及长10区块扶杨油层油成藏的有利目标区进行了预测,得到三肇凹陷扶杨油层有47个评价目标区。尚家地区优选Ⅰ类有利勘探目标区有3个,Ⅱ类有利区有5个;宋站南地区优选Ⅰ类有利勘探目标4个,Ⅱ类有利勘探目标共6个,Ⅲ类有利勘探目标3个;长10区块扶余油层优选有利勘探目标区8个。
This paper mainly discusses mechanism and process of oil migration, period and models of oil accumulation and main controlling factors of oil accumulation in Fuyang oil layer in and around Sanzhao Depression, Songliao Basin, and finally predicts the favorable regions for oil accumulation.
     Statistics of oil physical property, analysis of oil group composition and total hydrocarbon chromatogram, relationship between Pr/nC17 and depth, Ph/nC18 and depth, Pr/Ph and depth and relationship between Pr/nC17 and Ph/nC18 of Fuyang oil layer in Sanzhao Depression, Shangjia area, southern Songzhan and Changshi block show oil in these areas is from the same source-source rocks of Qingyi member in Sanzhao Depression. Development and distribution of source rocks and indexes of geochemistry indicate source rocks of Qingyi member in Sanzhao Depression can provide sufficient oil for Fuyang oil layer.Synthesizing studies of development features and activity period of faults and relationship between faults and source rocks of Qingyi member or reservoirs of Fuyang oil layer, we carry out source fault separation in Fuyang oil layer and draw that faults during depression period (Ⅱtype) and faults formed in downfaulted period and still active during depression period(ⅠtoⅡtype) are main source faults in Fuyang oil layer. We draw there exist two oil migration mechanisms of Fuyang oil layer, inside and outside source rocks, on the basis of researches on faults and types of sandbody migration pathway, of which are oil generated by source rocks of Qingyi member laterally migrated a short distance to form oil reservoirs after downward migrated to Fuyang oil layer, under the influence of paleo-hyperpressure; and oil yielded by source rocks of Qingyi member laterally moved to Fuyang oil layer under the action of buoyancy after source rocks of Qingyi member connected with Fuyang oil layer because source rocks were faulted by faults.Oil migration mechanism outside source rocks is oil generated by Qingyi member laterally migrated to high area of structures outside source rocks from Sanzhao Depression along sandbody-fault matching, as Fuyang oil layer in Shangjia and Songzhan region; or laterally migrated to high area of structures outside source rocks along fault-sandbody matching, as Changshi block, after oil down migrated or laterally migrated to Fuyang oil layer because of lateral connection of source rocks and Fuyang oil layer.Main controlling factors of oil accumulation of Fuyang oil layer inside and outside source rocks, based on migration mechanism of Fuyang oil layer inside and outside source rocks of Sanzhao Depression show oil accumulation inside source rocks is dominated by down-migration extension of oil of Qingyi member, fault concentrated zones and horst matched by faults and sandbody, while oil accumulation outside source rocks mainly commandeered by distance from source rocks, oil migration pathways and development of sandbody in traps.The two models of oil accumulation inside source rocks are as follows. First, on the condition that fault traps of Fuyang oil layer are directly under source rocks of Qingyi member and linked by T2 source faults, oil produced by Qingyi member directly down migrated to fault traps in Fuyang oil layer under the action of hyperpressure along T2 source faults, which can form reservoirs without long-distance migration along sandbody. Second, if there are lots of T2 faults between source rocks of Qingyi member and oil layer of Fuyang oil layer, the faults will stagger source rocks and link source rocks and oil layer, and then, oil will laterally migrate to and accumulate in Fuyang oil layer, laterally linked to source rocks of Qingyi member, by buoyancy. Oil accumulation model outside source rocks is oil generated by source rocks of Qingyi member laterally migrated to traps in high structure area outside source rocks to form reservoirs under the action of buoyancy along sandbody connected by faults or faults connected by sandbody after oil down migrated under the influence of paleo hyperpressure or laterally transported because of lateral connection to Fuyang oil layer. We predict favorable targets for oil accumulation of Fuyang oil layer in Sanzhao Depression, Shangjia region, songzhan area and Changshi block, on the basis of the above studies, and conclude 47 evaluation targets.Favorable exploring areas of Shangjia region are three ofⅠtype and five ofⅡtype, while which of Songzhan are four ofⅠtype, six ofⅡtype and three ofⅢtype, that of Changshi block are totally eight.
引文
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