舰船结构在爆炸作用下的非线性响应及可靠性研究
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摘要
舰船在服役期间不可避免的遭受武器的攻击,减小舰船的损伤程度,提高舰船的生命力,是从事舰船设计、建造和使用人员非常关心的问题。因此,对爆炸作用下船体的局部破坏进行研究,计算破损船体的剩余强度和倾覆概率,分析破损船体结构的可靠性具有重要的意义。
接触爆炸载荷作用下薄钢板的破坏是一个极其复杂的非线性过程,而其初始破口对板的整个破损过程产生重要的影响,因此临界破坏的研究对于结构的抗爆和武器战斗部的设计具有现实意义。应用塑性动力响应波动解及动态断裂理论,从理论上推导了薄钢板在爆炸冲击载荷作用下产生初始环向裂纹即发生临界破坏时的装药量,并得出板的临界位移理论表达式。在此基础上利用能量原理推导了破口半径计算公式。通过算例与试验进行比较,结果基本吻合,表明该理论能很好的解决接触爆炸载荷作用下薄板的破坏问题,为工程实际提供参考。
从数值仿真和试验两方面对接触爆炸载荷作用下舰船防护结构的破坏进行了研究。采用试验的方法对舰船多层防护结构在接触爆炸载荷作用下的破坏情况进行研究。借助于有限元程序LS-DYNA中的ALE算法,提出多层舱室、多种介质的多耦合面在爆炸载荷作用下的动态响应仿真计算方法,对相同条件下的模型进行了数值分析,分析了不同装药量下钢板破口形状、大小和压力峰值,两者结果相比基本一致,表明数值仿真能很好的模拟试验。
针对液舱在防护结构中的重要性,采用数值方法对三层板壳结构在水下接触爆炸荷载作用下的非线性动态响应过程进行数值仿真,研究液舱的影响。分别对三层空舱和两层空舱、一层液舱及改变液舱中水位的情况进行比较,分析了钢板的破口半径及各层板上单元有效应力、压力、位移等动态参数。仿真结果表明液舱的设置可以提高多层板壳结构的抗爆抗冲击性能,并且适当减少液舱中的水,不会影响其抵抗爆炸载荷的能力。
由于爆炸载荷的瞬时性、破坏性及船体加筋板壳结构的复杂性,爆炸作用下结构的可靠性分析一直是研究难点。本文采用蒙特卡罗模拟得到一定数量的样本,借助于有限元程序LS-DYNA并利用这些样本对爆炸载荷作用下的多层板壳结构进行数值模拟得到结构的响应,通过拟合得到其概率分布,进而求得防护结构破坏概率,对水下爆炸载荷作用下多层板壳结构的可靠性进行了初步探索。
破损舰船的剩余极限强度是船体生命力分析的一个重要指标。考虑各种影响因素下,各种强度单元受拉和受压时的力学特性,以理论公式表示各种强度单元的平均应力-应变曲线。基于逐步破坏法原理,运用Fortran语言编制船体梁总纵极限强度的计算程序,对Dowling 2和Reckling 23的数值结果验证了计算程序的合理性和计算精度。基于船体结构的总纵极限强度失效模式,采用重要抽样法,建立船体结构总纵极限强度可靠性分析方法。实船条件下对不同破口位置和横倾角的剩余极限强度和可靠性进行分析。
考虑舰船结构处于短时的作战环境之中,将风扰动与波浪扰动模型化为随机过程,水下攻击武器的爆炸载荷视为突加的不规则确定性作用,计及结构大幅横摇运动的非线性效应,建立了结构横摇运动的随机微分方程；以标准随机平均法为基础,推导出随机风浪中舰船单自由度横摇运动时横摇角的瞬态概率密度函数,并应用脉冲响应法确定了舰船在突加倾侧力矩作用下的横摇时间历程,最后对以上两种情况下的横摇响应进行合理的组合,利用最大熵法拟合组合响应的瞬态概率密度,通过上穿率分析得到随机风浪中船体结构的倾覆概率,并基于现有的倾覆准则给出随机风浪及爆炸载荷联合作用下舰船的倾覆概率。
The ship was inevitable to be attecked by the arms in service. The way about reducing the damage and enhancing the life of ship were payed more attention to by the people concerned. So, it was very important to research the local destroy of ship under explosions, residual intensity and capsizing probability of damaged ship, the reliability assessment of damaged ship.
The damage of thin steel plate subjected to contact explosions was a very complex nonlinear process. The initial crevasse had influence upon the whole damage process, so the critical damage study was significant on the anti-explosion of ship structure and design of projectile. In virtue of the wave solution of plastic dynamic response of plate and the dynamic fracture theory, the critical blasting charge was derived theoretically when onset of initial circumferential crack namely critical damage happened in thin plate subjected to explosions. And the theoretical expression of critical deformation of plate was also obtained. Also the method was carried out for calculation the crevasse radius by the energy theory. The theoretical calculated results through an example were compared with the experiment in the published literature and numerical simulation results, they were almost coincided. It could be seen that the method of this paper could perfectly solve the dynamic fracture of thin plate under contact explosions, which provides references for engineering.
The destruction of ship defensive structure subjected to underwater contact explosions was studied with the methods of numerical simulation and experiment research. The multi-layer defensive structure under explosions was studied through experiments. Then, adopting the ALE method in LS-DYNA, the numerical method of multi-coupled surfaces was presented, which could be used to solve the problem of multi-cabin and multi-medium under explosions. The research was also done in the same condition using the numerical method, then the shape and size of crevasse and the peak value of pressure were obtained, which were consistent with the result of experiment on the whole. It was indicated the numerical simulation could do research perfectly.
Considering the importance of liquid cabin in defensive structure, the antiexplosion capacity of the muliti-player grillage structure was studied using the numerical method, especially the influence of liquid cabin. Then, the simulation of the dynamical response process of the multilayer defensive structure subjected to underwater contact explosions was conducted. The deformation of the model of three layers vacant cabin and two layers vacant cabin, one layer liquid cabin and the changed water level in liquid cabin was analyzed and compared with each other. The crevasse radius of plate as well as effective stress, the pressure and deformation were described. It was revealed that liquid cabin could improve the antiexplosion capacity of multilayer plate-shell structure, and reduction of the water of liquid cabin properly could not affect the antiexplosion capacity of ship defensive structure.
Because of the instantaneity and destructive of explosions, complexity of stiffened plate structure of ship, the reliability investigation of structure subjected to explosions was the difficult problem. Based on Monte Carlo method, the samples of random variables were obtained, then the simulations of multilayer plate-shell structure subjected to underwater contact explosions were done by LS-DYNA, and the maximum stress of each plate was obtained. The probability distributing was reached by fitting, then the destroy probability of each plate and system were gained based on the intensity rule and the basic theory of reliability.
Residual ultimate strength of damaged ship was the important index of evaluating the life of ship. By studying each kind of element's behaviour in tension and compression, considering some influencing factors, the average stress-strain curve theoreticaliy was described. Then a program of ship hull girder ultimate strength was conducted with Fortran, according to the progressive collapse theory. The numerical results of Dowling 2 and Reckling 23 showed the validity of the proposed method. Adopting importance sampling method, a reliability analysis method was presented for ship hull structure based on the hull longitudinal ultimate strength failure. The effects of location of break and heel angle on residual bearing capacity in real ship were analyzed.
Considering that the ship structure was under the short-time war environment, the wind and wave excitation were modelled as random processes and underwater explosive loading as irregular but determinate load. The stochastic differential equation of ship structure was founded, the nonlinear effect of structure rolling with large amplitude was also taken into account. Based on the standard stochastic averaging method, the transient probability density function of rolling angle of the ship under radom wind and wave excition was deduced, whose rolling motion was modeled as a single-degree-of-freedom. Then, applying the impulse response method, the response history of rolling angle of the ship subjected to occasionally explosions heeling moment was derived. Finally, the response of stochastic wind and wave moment and the response of explosion-induced moments were combined rationally, the transient probability density function of the combined roll angle was obtained by using the maximum entropy method, the capsizing probability of ship subjected to radom wind and wave was reached by outcrosing rate method, and the capsizing probability of ship under combined loads was also analyzed based on the rules about capsizing.
接触爆炸载荷作用下薄钢板的破坏是一个极其复杂的非线性过程,而其初始破口对板的整个破损过程产生重要的影响,因此临界破坏的研究对于结构的抗爆和武器战斗部的设计具有现实意义。应用塑性动力响应波动解及动态断裂理论,从理论上推导了薄钢板在爆炸冲击载荷作用下产生初始环向裂纹即发生临界破坏时的装药量,并得出板的临界位移理论表达式。在此基础上利用能量原理推导了破口半径计算公式。通过算例与试验进行比较,结果基本吻合,表明该理论能很好的解决接触爆炸载荷作用下薄板的破坏问题,为工程实际提供参考。
从数值仿真和试验两方面对接触爆炸载荷作用下舰船防护结构的破坏进行了研究。采用试验的方法对舰船多层防护结构在接触爆炸载荷作用下的破坏情况进行研究。借助于有限元程序LS-DYNA中的ALE算法,提出多层舱室、多种介质的多耦合面在爆炸载荷作用下的动态响应仿真计算方法,对相同条件下的模型进行了数值分析,分析了不同装药量下钢板破口形状、大小和压力峰值,两者结果相比基本一致,表明数值仿真能很好的模拟试验。
针对液舱在防护结构中的重要性,采用数值方法对三层板壳结构在水下接触爆炸荷载作用下的非线性动态响应过程进行数值仿真,研究液舱的影响。分别对三层空舱和两层空舱、一层液舱及改变液舱中水位的情况进行比较,分析了钢板的破口半径及各层板上单元有效应力、压力、位移等动态参数。仿真结果表明液舱的设置可以提高多层板壳结构的抗爆抗冲击性能,并且适当减少液舱中的水,不会影响其抵抗爆炸载荷的能力。
由于爆炸载荷的瞬时性、破坏性及船体加筋板壳结构的复杂性,爆炸作用下结构的可靠性分析一直是研究难点。本文采用蒙特卡罗模拟得到一定数量的样本,借助于有限元程序LS-DYNA并利用这些样本对爆炸载荷作用下的多层板壳结构进行数值模拟得到结构的响应,通过拟合得到其概率分布,进而求得防护结构破坏概率,对水下爆炸载荷作用下多层板壳结构的可靠性进行了初步探索。
破损舰船的剩余极限强度是船体生命力分析的一个重要指标。考虑各种影响因素下,各种强度单元受拉和受压时的力学特性,以理论公式表示各种强度单元的平均应力-应变曲线。基于逐步破坏法原理,运用Fortran语言编制船体梁总纵极限强度的计算程序,对Dowling 2和Reckling 23的数值结果验证了计算程序的合理性和计算精度。基于船体结构的总纵极限强度失效模式,采用重要抽样法,建立船体结构总纵极限强度可靠性分析方法。实船条件下对不同破口位置和横倾角的剩余极限强度和可靠性进行分析。
考虑舰船结构处于短时的作战环境之中,将风扰动与波浪扰动模型化为随机过程,水下攻击武器的爆炸载荷视为突加的不规则确定性作用,计及结构大幅横摇运动的非线性效应,建立了结构横摇运动的随机微分方程；以标准随机平均法为基础,推导出随机风浪中舰船单自由度横摇运动时横摇角的瞬态概率密度函数,并应用脉冲响应法确定了舰船在突加倾侧力矩作用下的横摇时间历程,最后对以上两种情况下的横摇响应进行合理的组合,利用最大熵法拟合组合响应的瞬态概率密度,通过上穿率分析得到随机风浪中船体结构的倾覆概率,并基于现有的倾覆准则给出随机风浪及爆炸载荷联合作用下舰船的倾覆概率。
The ship was inevitable to be attecked by the arms in service. The way about reducing the damage and enhancing the life of ship were payed more attention to by the people concerned. So, it was very important to research the local destroy of ship under explosions, residual intensity and capsizing probability of damaged ship, the reliability assessment of damaged ship.
The damage of thin steel plate subjected to contact explosions was a very complex nonlinear process. The initial crevasse had influence upon the whole damage process, so the critical damage study was significant on the anti-explosion of ship structure and design of projectile. In virtue of the wave solution of plastic dynamic response of plate and the dynamic fracture theory, the critical blasting charge was derived theoretically when onset of initial circumferential crack namely critical damage happened in thin plate subjected to explosions. And the theoretical expression of critical deformation of plate was also obtained. Also the method was carried out for calculation the crevasse radius by the energy theory. The theoretical calculated results through an example were compared with the experiment in the published literature and numerical simulation results, they were almost coincided. It could be seen that the method of this paper could perfectly solve the dynamic fracture of thin plate under contact explosions, which provides references for engineering.
The destruction of ship defensive structure subjected to underwater contact explosions was studied with the methods of numerical simulation and experiment research. The multi-layer defensive structure under explosions was studied through experiments. Then, adopting the ALE method in LS-DYNA, the numerical method of multi-coupled surfaces was presented, which could be used to solve the problem of multi-cabin and multi-medium under explosions. The research was also done in the same condition using the numerical method, then the shape and size of crevasse and the peak value of pressure were obtained, which were consistent with the result of experiment on the whole. It was indicated the numerical simulation could do research perfectly.
Considering the importance of liquid cabin in defensive structure, the antiexplosion capacity of the muliti-player grillage structure was studied using the numerical method, especially the influence of liquid cabin. Then, the simulation of the dynamical response process of the multilayer defensive structure subjected to underwater contact explosions was conducted. The deformation of the model of three layers vacant cabin and two layers vacant cabin, one layer liquid cabin and the changed water level in liquid cabin was analyzed and compared with each other. The crevasse radius of plate as well as effective stress, the pressure and deformation were described. It was revealed that liquid cabin could improve the antiexplosion capacity of multilayer plate-shell structure, and reduction of the water of liquid cabin properly could not affect the antiexplosion capacity of ship defensive structure.
Because of the instantaneity and destructive of explosions, complexity of stiffened plate structure of ship, the reliability investigation of structure subjected to explosions was the difficult problem. Based on Monte Carlo method, the samples of random variables were obtained, then the simulations of multilayer plate-shell structure subjected to underwater contact explosions were done by LS-DYNA, and the maximum stress of each plate was obtained. The probability distributing was reached by fitting, then the destroy probability of each plate and system were gained based on the intensity rule and the basic theory of reliability.
Residual ultimate strength of damaged ship was the important index of evaluating the life of ship. By studying each kind of element's behaviour in tension and compression, considering some influencing factors, the average stress-strain curve theoreticaliy was described. Then a program of ship hull girder ultimate strength was conducted with Fortran, according to the progressive collapse theory. The numerical results of Dowling 2 and Reckling 23 showed the validity of the proposed method. Adopting importance sampling method, a reliability analysis method was presented for ship hull structure based on the hull longitudinal ultimate strength failure. The effects of location of break and heel angle on residual bearing capacity in real ship were analyzed.
Considering that the ship structure was under the short-time war environment, the wind and wave excitation were modelled as random processes and underwater explosive loading as irregular but determinate load. The stochastic differential equation of ship structure was founded, the nonlinear effect of structure rolling with large amplitude was also taken into account. Based on the standard stochastic averaging method, the transient probability density function of rolling angle of the ship under radom wind and wave excition was deduced, whose rolling motion was modeled as a single-degree-of-freedom. Then, applying the impulse response method, the response history of rolling angle of the ship subjected to occasionally explosions heeling moment was derived. Finally, the response of stochastic wind and wave moment and the response of explosion-induced moments were combined rationally, the transient probability density function of the combined roll angle was obtained by using the maximum entropy method, the capsizing probability of ship subjected to radom wind and wave was reached by outcrosing rate method, and the capsizing probability of ship under combined loads was also analyzed based on the rules about capsizing.
引文
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