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滩坝砂岩储层测井评价技术研究
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摘要
滨浅湖相滩坝砂岩具有储层厚度薄、孔隙度低、渗透率低的特点。目前该类砂岩油藏已成为重要的勘探目标。过去由于测井技术和装备的局限性,测井仪器所测量的曲线对其显示不明显,无法对该类有效储层进行正确判别,影响了对这类储层勘探潜力的认识。通过钻井取心、实验分析以及成像测井方法的应用,结合录井、试油等手段,提高了对该类储层的认识并且在实践中形成了以常规测井资料为主、成像资料为辅的滩坝砂岩储层测井识别、评价技术。提高了油气层的勘探和开发效益。
     本文以胜利油田高89区块沙四上亚段地层为研究对象。根据测井和取芯资料建立了滩坝砂主要岩性的典型组合方式。对测井资料进行了标准化处理。在此基础上进行了统一的地质分层。利用微电阻率成像测井高分辨的特点,研究了不同岩性的储层特点。形成了岩心刻度成像测井、成像测井刻度常规测井资料的储层识别方法。结合录井、试油等第一性资料,对自然伽马、声波时差和电阻率等计算储层参数的主要测井曲线进行了必要的校正,提高了地层泥质含量、储层孔隙度及含水饱和度的计算精度。利用沃尔什法、纵向响应离散法和分辨率匹配法提高了常规测井曲线的分辨率,为储层的识别和参数计算奠定了基础。从地质油气藏成藏的角度研究了高89区块滩坝砂岩有效储层界限层的岩性、物性、电性和厚度,并且建立了灰质粉砂岩含油性及高压区、常压区电性标准。在此基础上,应用数理统计方法分析了测井曲线和岩心分析资料之间的关系,建立了储层参数计算模型。对区块内的滩坝砂储层进行了储层综合评价。并按储层的岩性、物性将储层由好到差分为三大类五小类。总结了油藏平面及纵向上的分布规律,提高了测井解释评价的成功率,在储量计算和申报中发挥了重要作用。
     本文提出了利用岩心和成像测井刻度常规测井资料的方法。提高了常规测井曲线的分辨率。从地质成藏的角度对滩坝砂岩有效储层测井界限层进行了研究。创新性地发现了微电极测井曲线正负差异对储层敏感,以此为基础,建立了新的识别储层方法。
The bar sandstone from shallow lake environment of Shengli Oil Field has the characteristics of thin bed thickness, low porosity and low permeability. This kind of reservoir now becomes the main targeting area for exploration.
     In the past, because of the limitations for petroleum equipment and technique, the logging curves can not effectively reveal the hydrocarbon bearing formations and can not identify this kind of reservoir correctly and efficiently. As a result, the reservoir potential has been underestimated for a long time. Based on the core analysis, lab test and image logging, combined with the mud logging and well test, the recognization of bar sandstone reservoir has been enhanced and a series of evaluation methods have been made, which depend on the full use of conventional logging and image logging. The exploration and development economic benefit have been enhanced accordingly.
     In this thesis, the Upper Sha 4 member in Gao89 block in Shengli Oil Field has been studied. The typical lithological combination of bar sandstone has been established through detailed analysis of well logging and core data. The well logging data has been standardized based on the whole area cross well correlation. Micro-resistivity image logging(FMI) with 5mm high resolution has been used to study the different features of different formations.With this study, the FMI images can be calibrated by core data and conventional logging data can be in turn calibrated by FMI images. With the mud logging and well test data, necessary corrections have been conducted on GR, Sonic and Resistivity logging. As a result, the calculation accuracy on shale content, reservoir porosity and water saturation have been enhanced. By means of walsh function, scattered vertical response function, and vertical resolution match between relatively higher and lower vertical resolution logs,the bed resolution of conventional logging has been increased significantly, which lays down the basis of reservoir recognization and reservoir parameter calculations.
     According to the petroleum geological reservoir knowledge, the lithology, porosity and permeability, logging characters and effective thickness of reservoir have been researched in Gao89 block of Shengli Oil Field. The logging identification criteria of lime-siltstones from oil bearing zone, abnormal pressure zone and normal pressure zone have been set up. Based on the above research and criteria, the relations between well logging data and core analysis data have been studied and the reservoir parameter calculation models have been established by regression methodology. The bar sandstone reservoirs have been evaluated comprehensively and three categories have been identified according to the lithology and physical property of the reservoir. The horizontal and vertical distribution trends of the reservoir sandbody have been summarized and well logging evaluation has been enhanced with the much higher interpretation correctness. This plays an very important role in reserve estimation and registration.
     In this thesis, the method of calibrating conventional logging by core data and image logging data have been brought forward. With this method, the resolution of conventional logging has been enhanced. The effective thickness cutoff values of well logging in bar sandstone reservoir has been studied. we first find that both the positive and negative difference between micro resistivity logs(ML) are sensitive to reservoir properties, and based on this the new method of reservoir recognizing, an new method has been founded.
引文
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