虚拟研发组织中的信任及其管理
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摘要
虚拟研发组织是网络经济背景下,虚拟组织概念渗透于研发机构而形成的一种研发组织创新形式。在虚拟研发组织迅速发展的势头下,我们更为关注的是虚拟研发组织合作的效果。合作伙伴间的信任关系是组织合作成功的至关重要的条件和基础。然而,与传统研发组织相比较,虚拟研发组织合作伙伴间的信任关系建立更加困难,虚拟研发组织合作伙伴间的信任关系也面临更大的风险。围绕虚拟研发组织对信任日益增长的需要,与在虚拟研发组织中信任更加难以形成以及信任风险更大这一矛盾,本研究综合运用新兴古典经济学、制度经济学、管理学、社会学的研究范式和工具,从经济学、管理学、社会学等多层次、多角度的展开虚拟研发组织信任管理中的信任产生机制、保障机制和评审机制的研究。
本研究的主旨在于探讨虚拟研发组织合作伙伴信任关系管理的有效方案,以促进虚拟研发组织合作伙伴信任关系的产生,并有效防范合作伙伴间存在的信任风险,为虚拟研发组织的成功运作提供参考和指导,为我国科研组织模式与管理创新提供一个新思路。与国内外相关研究相比,本研究的创新工作体现在以下几方面:
①拓展了组织信任的研究方法。本研究对组织信任的研究方法进行了拓展,尝试把“机制性”研究和“因素性”研究结合起来,并有机地应用到虚拟研发组织信任产生机制的研究中。在研究过程中,首先根据虚拟研发组织的“临时性”、“动态性”及“间续性”特点,采用演进博弈模型分析虚拟研发组织信任产生的嵌入性机理,建立起信任产生的理论基础;然后,从信任产生的因素角度,探悉影响虚拟研发组织信任关系的具体变量,并建立结构方程模型(SEM),运用SPSS和AMOS两种软件,进行实证分析。“机制性”研究和“因素性”研究相结合的方法,让整个研究体系既具有理论基础,又具有实践指导意义。
②提出了基于全生命周期的多重信任保障体系。本研究采用博弈理论,综合分析不同保障机制(如制度、声誉、情感、抵押)对虚拟研发组织合作伙伴间信任行为的影响基础上,充分考虑虚拟研发组织生命周期中的信任和信任风险特征,并运用系统论的建模思想,提出了基于虚拟研发组织生命周期的多重信任保障体系。该信任保障体系的提出,为我们今后从系统的角度研究虚拟研发组织的信任及信任保障机制的设计奠定了基础。
③构建了虚拟研发组织动态信任评审模型。本研究根据虚拟研发组织“临时性”、“动态性”及“间续性”特点,融合社会认知模型、声誉模型、学习模型的优点,建立了一个动态信任评审模型。该模型可以通过用户的对待评估对象不同的评估需求,动态生成评价指标体系,并且动态地选择最优的评估方法或方法组合,来实现不同项目环境下的虚拟研发组织合作伙伴信任度的动态跟踪、审核与评估。该模型采用了电子商务数据国际规范--ebXML(Electronic Business Extensible Markup Language,并充分考虑了评审系统的“通用性”和“可重构性”特点,有利于决策软件的信息化推广。
Virtual R&D Organization is a network economy context, the virtual organization concept of infiltration in the R&D institutions to form a kind of innovative forms of R&D organization. In the virtual momentum of rapid development of R&D organization,we are more concerned about the effect of virtual R&D organizations.Relationship of trust between partners is critical to the success of organizations in the conditions and basis. However, compared with the traditional R&D organization, the virtual R&D organization relationship of trust between partners is more difficult to establish the virtual R&D organization relationship of trust between partners are also at increased risk. This research organizations around the virtual R&D needs of the growing trust in virtual R&D organization, and trust more difficult to form at greater risk of this contradiction, comprehensive use of new classical economics, institutional economics, management, sociology of paradigms and tools from economics, management, sociology, multi-layered, multi-angle launch R&D organization's faith in trust management mechanisms, security mechanism and review mechanism.
The main objective of this study, a virtual R&D organizations in the management of trust and effective partnership program to promote R&D organization partners create trust relationships, and effectively prevent the existence of trust between partners, the risk of R&D organization for the successful operation of the virtual reference and guidance for our research organization model and management innovation to provide a new idea. Compared with the domestic and international research, this study innovation in the following areas:
①Development of methods of organizational trust. In this study, organizational trust research methods development, try to "mechanism" of research and "factors" of research together, and the opportunity to apply to the virtual R&D organization mechanism of trust in the study. In the study, the first virtual R&D organization under the "temporary", "dynamic" and "continuity" character, used game model of the evolution of virtual R&D organizations, the trust of the embedded mechanism to establish the trust of the theoretical basis ; then, from the perspective of the factors that generate trust, confidence ascertain affect the relationship between R&D organization specific variables, and the establishment of structural equation modeling (SEM), the use of two software SPSS and AMOS, the empirical analysis. "mechanism" of research and "factors" of research method of combining the whole research system has both theoretical foundation, but also has practical significance.
②Proposed based on the life cycle of multiple trust security system. This study uses game theory, a comprehensive analysis of different security mechanisms (such as systems, reputation, emotional, mortgage) on the virtual R&D organization of trust between partners, the impact of behavior on the basis of full consideration of the life cycle of virtual R&D organization's trust and confidence in risk characteristics, and use of the modeling system is proposed based on the life cycle of virtual R&D organization of multiple trust security system. The security system of the proposed trust for our future research from a system point of view of virtual R&D organization's trust in the mechanism designed to protect the foundation.
③Building trust in virtual R&D organization dynamic assessment model. This study is based virtual R&D organization "temporary", "dynamic" and "continuity" feature, integration of social cognitive model, reputation model, the advantages of learning model, set up a dynamic model of trust evaluation. The model can be treated by the user's assessment of different groups to assess demand, dynamic generation of evaluation index system, and dynamically select the optimal combination of the assessment method or methods to implement different projects of Virtual R&D organization partners trust in the dynamic tracking, review and evaluation. The model of e-commerce data with international norms - ebXML (Electronic Business Extensible Markup Language, and full account of the assessment system of "universal" and "reconfiguration" of features conducive to the promotion of information technology decision-making software.
本研究的主旨在于探讨虚拟研发组织合作伙伴信任关系管理的有效方案,以促进虚拟研发组织合作伙伴信任关系的产生,并有效防范合作伙伴间存在的信任风险,为虚拟研发组织的成功运作提供参考和指导,为我国科研组织模式与管理创新提供一个新思路。与国内外相关研究相比,本研究的创新工作体现在以下几方面:
①拓展了组织信任的研究方法。本研究对组织信任的研究方法进行了拓展,尝试把“机制性”研究和“因素性”研究结合起来,并有机地应用到虚拟研发组织信任产生机制的研究中。在研究过程中,首先根据虚拟研发组织的“临时性”、“动态性”及“间续性”特点,采用演进博弈模型分析虚拟研发组织信任产生的嵌入性机理,建立起信任产生的理论基础;然后,从信任产生的因素角度,探悉影响虚拟研发组织信任关系的具体变量,并建立结构方程模型(SEM),运用SPSS和AMOS两种软件,进行实证分析。“机制性”研究和“因素性”研究相结合的方法,让整个研究体系既具有理论基础,又具有实践指导意义。
②提出了基于全生命周期的多重信任保障体系。本研究采用博弈理论,综合分析不同保障机制(如制度、声誉、情感、抵押)对虚拟研发组织合作伙伴间信任行为的影响基础上,充分考虑虚拟研发组织生命周期中的信任和信任风险特征,并运用系统论的建模思想,提出了基于虚拟研发组织生命周期的多重信任保障体系。该信任保障体系的提出,为我们今后从系统的角度研究虚拟研发组织的信任及信任保障机制的设计奠定了基础。
③构建了虚拟研发组织动态信任评审模型。本研究根据虚拟研发组织“临时性”、“动态性”及“间续性”特点,融合社会认知模型、声誉模型、学习模型的优点,建立了一个动态信任评审模型。该模型可以通过用户的对待评估对象不同的评估需求,动态生成评价指标体系,并且动态地选择最优的评估方法或方法组合,来实现不同项目环境下的虚拟研发组织合作伙伴信任度的动态跟踪、审核与评估。该模型采用了电子商务数据国际规范--ebXML(Electronic Business Extensible Markup Language,并充分考虑了评审系统的“通用性”和“可重构性”特点,有利于决策软件的信息化推广。
Virtual R&D Organization is a network economy context, the virtual organization concept of infiltration in the R&D institutions to form a kind of innovative forms of R&D organization. In the virtual momentum of rapid development of R&D organization,we are more concerned about the effect of virtual R&D organizations.Relationship of trust between partners is critical to the success of organizations in the conditions and basis. However, compared with the traditional R&D organization, the virtual R&D organization relationship of trust between partners is more difficult to establish the virtual R&D organization relationship of trust between partners are also at increased risk. This research organizations around the virtual R&D needs of the growing trust in virtual R&D organization, and trust more difficult to form at greater risk of this contradiction, comprehensive use of new classical economics, institutional economics, management, sociology of paradigms and tools from economics, management, sociology, multi-layered, multi-angle launch R&D organization's faith in trust management mechanisms, security mechanism and review mechanism.
The main objective of this study, a virtual R&D organizations in the management of trust and effective partnership program to promote R&D organization partners create trust relationships, and effectively prevent the existence of trust between partners, the risk of R&D organization for the successful operation of the virtual reference and guidance for our research organization model and management innovation to provide a new idea. Compared with the domestic and international research, this study innovation in the following areas:
①Development of methods of organizational trust. In this study, organizational trust research methods development, try to "mechanism" of research and "factors" of research together, and the opportunity to apply to the virtual R&D organization mechanism of trust in the study. In the study, the first virtual R&D organization under the "temporary", "dynamic" and "continuity" character, used game model of the evolution of virtual R&D organizations, the trust of the embedded mechanism to establish the trust of the theoretical basis ; then, from the perspective of the factors that generate trust, confidence ascertain affect the relationship between R&D organization specific variables, and the establishment of structural equation modeling (SEM), the use of two software SPSS and AMOS, the empirical analysis. "mechanism" of research and "factors" of research method of combining the whole research system has both theoretical foundation, but also has practical significance.
②Proposed based on the life cycle of multiple trust security system. This study uses game theory, a comprehensive analysis of different security mechanisms (such as systems, reputation, emotional, mortgage) on the virtual R&D organization of trust between partners, the impact of behavior on the basis of full consideration of the life cycle of virtual R&D organization's trust and confidence in risk characteristics, and use of the modeling system is proposed based on the life cycle of virtual R&D organization of multiple trust security system. The security system of the proposed trust for our future research from a system point of view of virtual R&D organization's trust in the mechanism designed to protect the foundation.
③Building trust in virtual R&D organization dynamic assessment model. This study is based virtual R&D organization "temporary", "dynamic" and "continuity" feature, integration of social cognitive model, reputation model, the advantages of learning model, set up a dynamic model of trust evaluation. The model can be treated by the user's assessment of different groups to assess demand, dynamic generation of evaluation index system, and dynamically select the optimal combination of the assessment method or methods to implement different projects of Virtual R&D organization partners trust in the dynamic tracking, review and evaluation. The model of e-commerce data with international norms - ebXML (Electronic Business Extensible Markup Language, and full account of the assessment system of "universal" and "reconfiguration" of features conducive to the promotion of information technology decision-making software.
引文
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