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基于RFID的汽车生产线信息集成模式及关键技术研究
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摘要
无线射频识别(RFID)技术因其特有的非接触性以及可对多目标物体同时识别的特性,正逐渐被广泛应用于供应链、物流、交通和防伪等多个领域。而由于汽车生产环境的特殊性和生产过程的复杂性,如何在汽车生产线上应用RFID是一个非常值得研究的问题。本文主要针对汽车生产线上RFID信息集成模式及关键技术进行研究。
     论文首先对研究背景、研究问题的提出进行了介绍,对国内外RFID的应用研究,特别是RFID在制造业的应用以及信息集成方面的相关研究现状进行了综述,在此基础上提出了论文研究目标、具体研究内容和研究方法。
     在介绍RFID技术和汽车生产基本流程的基础上,论文采用内容分析法对RFID在汽车制造及离散制造业的应用环节和应用功能进行统计调查,结合对汽车生产线信息管理现状的深入调查,指出当前RFID在汽车生产线适合应用的环节是焊接、涂装和总装,并提出了RFID在汽车生产线的相应环节的详细应用功能。
     论文在已有研究成果基础上,提出了一种改进的水平分布部署和垂直集成分布的分类方法,并利用内容分析法调查了RFID在制造业中的部署与集成模式情况,结合对RFID在汽车生产线应用环节和应用功能的分析,提出一种功能水平分布、垂直多层的汽车生产线RFID信息集成模式。在此基础上提出了RFID系统与MES的集成框架。最后对支持功能水平分布、垂直多层的汽车生产线RFID信息集成模式运行的关键技术进行了简单分析。
     在分析影响RFID读写性能的主要因素的基础上,论文针对可控因素进行了实验室单因素试验和多因素正交试验。利用单因素试验分析了各主要影响因素对RFID系统识读性能影响的显著性程度和影响规律。针对提出的主要影响因素,通过比较分析全面试验法、简单比较法和正交试验法各自的优缺点,通过正交渐近优化试验提出了影响RFID识读性能的多因素最优组合水平。在此基础上,选择多种标签在焊接、涂装生产线现场进行了应用测试,根据测试结果提出了RFID标签及阅读器在汽车生产线上的布置方案。论文通过调研提出了汽车生产过程RFID系统信息处理流程,分析了汽车生产线RFID数据可采用标签直接存储和后台数据存储两种方式。在分析RFID数据特点的基础上,提出了RFID标签数据内容的一种形式,讨论RFID数据管理的具体内容;提出了适合汽车生产线的RFID数据通信方式,并提出了两种阅读器组网方式以及基于XML的RFID信息集成和基于web服务技术的RFID应用集成。
     论文最后基于RFID的汽车生产线信息集成模式构建了基于RFID的MES系统总体结构框架,并重点研究了基于RFID的MES功能模型、物理模型和信息流模型。在对汽车生产线上的RFID系统安全需求进行分析的基础上,提出重点从管理体系和支持技术两个方面解决RFID系统的安全问题。给出了RFID系统安全管理体系构建的基本框架。在技术上将RFID系统的安全性分成两个安全域,重点研究由阅读器到应用系统之间的安全性问题,提出将入侵检测技术引入RFID系统,并从两个方面研究对入侵检测的改进:一是使用聚类算法进行数据预处理以降低计算复杂度、提高检测效率;二是使用免疫粒子群进化算法直接改进特征选取以提高检测准确率。最后给出了两种方法的框架模型。
     论文研究成果已部分应用在C汽车公司生产线RFID系统建设过程中,取得了一定的效果。
Because of its unique non-contact and can also identify multiple characteristics of the object, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology is being increasingly used in supply chain, logistics, transportation, security and other fields. And because of the particularity of environment and production process of complexity, It is worth to study how to apply RFID technology into automotive production line application. The purpose of this disertation is to study the informaiton integeration pattern and related key techniques of RFID in auto production line.
     Based on the investigation the research history of RFID application in the world, especially the application in manufacturing industry and information integeration, the research object, content and ways and means have been put forward.
     Based on the basic process of automobile production,the RFID applications in automobile manufacturing and discrete manufacturing have been investigated using content analysis method. With research of information management of automobile production line, this disertation drawes that the body shop, paint shop and assembly shop are suit for RFID. Then the detail functions which are good for the automotive industry using RFID technology have been introduced.
     A new classify standard joint horizontal distribution with vertical integeration has been put forward. Then the distribution and integeration pattern of RFID system in manufacturing industry has been analyzed using content analysis method. With the investigation of detail functions which is good for the automotive industry using RFID technology, a RFID information integeration pattern in automobile produciton line combined horizontal function distribution with vertical multi-layers integeration has been brought forward. The key supporting techniques have also been discussed
     Some influential factors were put forward by combination of the application characteristics and access to relevant literatures. And find the main factors by control and technology filter. Then this desertation studys the significant degree and rule of single factor affect to the right read rate of RFID system.Through the comparison of comprehensive test method, simple comparison method and orthogonal test method, this disertation put forward orthogonal asymptotic optimization method to optimize the right read rate of RFID system which was influenced by several factors at the same time. A optimized scheme which got high read rate has been finded through experiment. The tests in the body shop and paint shop have also been carried out. Finally the advise how the readers and tags can be lacated in the automobile production line have been proposed.
     After the information management flows of automobile manufacturing process have been introduced, this disertation point out that RFID data can be stored in tags directly or in database indirectly. RFID data format has been defined according to the characters of RFID and the content has been discussed too. The proper communication manner fit for automobile produciton line has been advised. The network arrangement through middleware or network exchanger has also been discussed. Finally this disertation draw out that the RFID information can be integerated based on XML and the applications can be integeration based on web service technique.
     Finally, according to the information integeration pattern of RFID in the automobile production line, this disertation designed the structure of MES based on RFID. Then the funciton model, logical model and information flow model have been proposed. According to the system security of RFID system in the automobile production line, this disertation proposes a method which is to solve the security of RFID systems focusing the two aspects of the management system and technology supporting. Then this disertation gives the basic framework of constructing the RFID system security management system. On the technical level,the security of RFID system is divided into two security domains, which focuses on the security problem from the reader to application systems. This disertation stresses the need to apply intrusion detection to enhance the security of RFID systems. And it put forward a cluster algorithm framework to preceed pretreating partion which can reduce the computational complexity and get better performance in the intrusion detection. At the same time, an Immune_PSO algorithm framework has been introduced which can improve veracity.
     Some research findings of this disertation have been applied in the construction process of RFID system in the C Company, which obtained good results.
引文
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