济阳坳陷构造反转特征及其与叠合盆地演化关系
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摘要
反转构造的研究是含油气盆地构造分析的重要组成部分。以济阳坳陷盆地构造反转及其所产生的反转构造为研究对象,在对大量地震、录井及测井等资料分析的基础上,准确判识出了济阳坳陷盆地构造反转过程中形成的反转构造;进而依据不整合发育特征、磷灰石裂变径迹以及流体包裹体分析等方法,确定了济阳坳陷盆地构造反转的期次;综合运用平衡剖面恢复、断层活动速率及反转强度系数等方法动态、定量表征了构造反转的运动学特征,明确了各期次反转构造的时空展布规律;结合盆地演化及区域地质背景资料,探讨了济阳坳陷盆地构造反转的形成机制及其对盆地叠合关系的影响;在上述研究的基础上,详细剖析了与反转构造相关的典型油气藏,并就济阳坳陷盆地构造反转对油气成藏条件的控制作用进行了分析。研究结果表明:济阳坳陷中、新生代经历了盆地转型期的T3-K1期负反转、K2期正反转、Ed末正反转以及盆地幕式演化间隙期的Es4末正反转;构造反转存在4种表现形式,即盆地横向拉伸-挤缩的转变、垂向沉降-隆升的转变、断层正断-逆推的转变以及反转构造的形成;盆地在横向与垂向上的反转具有普遍性,反转强度均具有T3-K1期最强、K2期和Ed末次之、Es4末最弱的特点;构造反转过程中形成了正反转和负反转两大类构造样式,具体可细分为断层型负反转、褶皱型正反转、继承断展型正反转和新生逆冲型正反转4小类,共9种表现形式;其中,T3-K1期负反转以断层型为主,表现为NW向断层由逆到正的转换,盆地内广泛发育,反转强度具有自北东向南西降低的趋势;K2期正反转使研究区东北部产生NNE向逆冲断层,主要表现为新生逆冲型正反转;Es4末正反转较弱,仅形成少量的反转挤压背斜,以褶皱型正反转为主;Ed末正反转表现为边界断层由正到逆的转换,形成继承断展型正反转,反转强度具有东强西弱的分布趋势;济阳坳陷构造反转的形成受控于板块运动方式、深大断裂的发育演化、周边造山带的形成及深部地球动力学背景改变,反转构造的发育具有选择性,其发育程度、反转强度及表现形式与不同时期相叠加的拉张和挤压应力场来源、方向、大小及先存断层的产状相关;构造反转影响了盆地的格局及垂向叠合关系,盆地转型期的构造反转使不同性质的盆地发生相干型叠加,而盆地幕式演化间隙期的构造反转仅表现为盆地局部地区沉积中心的迁移;盆地的构造反转滞后了深部源岩的二次生烃、优化了生储盖垂向结构、控制和影响着油气的运聚,有利于伸展断陷盆地形成挤压背斜型油气藏、不整合型油气藏和潜山油气藏。
Inversion structure research is an important component of the petroliferous basin analysis. The structures inversion of Jiyang Depression and those formed inversion structures during the basin inversion were studied. Firstly based on three-dimensional seismic data,drilling and logging data, the inversion structures have been exactly identified and geometric features of inversion tectonics have been analyzed in Jiyang Depression. By comprehensive analysis of the unconformities characteristics, apatite fission track and fluid inclusions, the time of structures inversion in Jiyang Depression were made clear. The kinematic characteristics of structures inversion were quantitatively and dynamically analyzed by using the methods of balanced crossed section, fault activity velocity, inversion intensity coefficient. Spatial distribution of different-stage inversion structures was found out. Combined with the basin evolution and regional geological background, the Formation mechanism and effects on basin superposition of structure inversion in Jiyang Depression were probed. Based on the above study, the structure inversion controlling to hydrocarbon accumulation was studied by analyzing typical the oil and gas reservoirs related to structure inversion. The result show that it developed T3-K1 stage negative inversion, K2 and the end of Ed stage positive inversion during basin transitional stage and the end of Es4 stage positive inversion during interval stage of basin episodic evolution from Mesozoic to now. Structures inversion shows lateral compression-to-extension transformation, vertical uplift-to-subsidence transformation, normal-to-reverse faults transformation and the formation of inversion structures. The lateral and vertical structure inversion has universality and the inversion intensity shows that T3-K1 stage negative inversion is the strongest, K2 and the end of Ed stage inversion are in the second place, and the end of Es4 stage is the weakest. Basin structures inversion generates positive inversion structures and negative inversion structures, which can be subdivided into fault type negative structure, fold type positive structure, inherited propagation type positive structure and newborn thrust fault type positive structure and totally show nine types manifestation. The T3-K1 stage negative inversion shows mainly fault type and experienced from reverse to normal transformation of NW-trending faults. The negative inversion structures well develop in Jiyang Depression and inversion intensity lowers from north east to south west. The K2 stage positive inversion generates NNE-trending thrust faults in the northeast area and shows newborn thrust fault type positive structure. The end of Es4 stage positive inversion only produces a few of fold type positive structures and inversion intensity is weaker. The end of Ed stage positive inversion shows from normal to reverse transformation of boundary faults, which forms inherited propagation type positive structures and inversion intensity of the east area is stronger than west area. The interaction between the plates movement mode, development of deep faults, the formation of surrounding mountains and deep geodynamic setting result in structure inversion in Jiyang Depression. The development of inversion structure has selective. The development degree, inversion intensity and manifestation of inversion structures are related to direction, source and strength-weakness of superimposed extensional and compressional stress field of different stages and the occurrence of pre-existent faults system. Structure inversion affects basin pattern and vertical superposition. The structure inversion during basin transitional stage made the basin with different properties coherently superimposed. But the structure inversion during interval stage of basin episodic evolution only made the partial depocenter migrated. The basin structure inversion delayed secondary hydrocarbon generation of deeply buried source rocks, optimized source-reservoir-cap vertical assemblages and controlled hydrocarbon migration. It was favorable to form compressed anticline reservoir, unconformity reservoir and Buried hill reservoir in extensional faulted depression basin
Inversion structure research is an important component of the petroliferous basin analysis. The structures inversion of Jiyang Depression and those formed inversion structures during the basin inversion were studied. Firstly based on three-dimensional seismic data,drilling and logging data, the inversion structures have been exactly identified and geometric features of inversion tectonics have been analyzed in Jiyang Depression. By comprehensive analysis of the unconformities characteristics, apatite fission track and fluid inclusions, the time of structures inversion in Jiyang Depression were made clear. The kinematic characteristics of structures inversion were quantitatively and dynamically analyzed by using the methods of balanced crossed section, fault activity velocity, inversion intensity coefficient. Spatial distribution of different-stage inversion structures was found out. Combined with the basin evolution and regional geological background, the Formation mechanism and effects on basin superposition of structure inversion in Jiyang Depression were probed. Based on the above study, the structure inversion controlling to hydrocarbon accumulation was studied by analyzing typical the oil and gas reservoirs related to structure inversion. The result show that it developed T3-K1 stage negative inversion, K2 and the end of Ed stage positive inversion during basin transitional stage and the end of Es4 stage positive inversion during interval stage of basin episodic evolution from Mesozoic to now. Structures inversion shows lateral compression-to-extension transformation, vertical uplift-to-subsidence transformation, normal-to-reverse faults transformation and the formation of inversion structures. The lateral and vertical structure inversion has universality and the inversion intensity shows that T3-K1 stage negative inversion is the strongest, K2 and the end of Ed stage inversion are in the second place, and the end of Es4 stage is the weakest. Basin structures inversion generates positive inversion structures and negative inversion structures, which can be subdivided into fault type negative structure, fold type positive structure, inherited propagation type positive structure and newborn thrust fault type positive structure and totally show nine types manifestation. The T3-K1 stage negative inversion shows mainly fault type and experienced from reverse to normal transformation of NW-trending faults. The negative inversion structures well develop in Jiyang Depression and inversion intensity lowers from north east to south west. The K2 stage positive inversion generates NNE-trending thrust faults in the northeast area and shows newborn thrust fault type positive structure. The end of Es4 stage positive inversion only produces a few of fold type positive structures and inversion intensity is weaker. The end of Ed stage positive inversion shows from normal to reverse transformation of boundary faults, which forms inherited propagation type positive structures and inversion intensity of the east area is stronger than west area. The interaction between the plates movement mode, development of deep faults, the formation of surrounding mountains and deep geodynamic setting result in structure inversion in Jiyang Depression. The development of inversion structure has selective. The development degree, inversion intensity and manifestation of inversion structures are related to direction, source and strength-weakness of superimposed extensional and compressional stress field of different stages and the occurrence of pre-existent faults system. Structure inversion affects basin pattern and vertical superposition. The structure inversion during basin transitional stage made the basin with different properties coherently superimposed. But the structure inversion during interval stage of basin episodic evolution only made the partial depocenter migrated. The basin structure inversion delayed secondary hydrocarbon generation of deeply buried source rocks, optimized source-reservoir-cap vertical assemblages and controlled hydrocarbon migration. It was favorable to form compressed anticline reservoir, unconformity reservoir and Buried hill reservoir in extensional faulted depression basin
引文
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