高速旋转叶片的外物损伤行为研究
|
摘要
高速旋转的叶轮机械叶片常受到随气流吸入的金属物、砂石、冰雹等外物的损伤,从而使叶轮机械性能下降,影响正常使用,甚至导致灾难性事故。本文结合国内外叶片外物损伤的实验研究及数值分析方面的成果,借助现代先进的计算技术、分析方法,针对外物的形状、材料、叶片的运动及结构预应力等不同撞击环境因素的影响下,高速旋转叶片的外物损伤问题,进行研究和讨论,旨在建立一个较完整、系统的高速旋转叶片外物损伤的分析框架和分析方法,并取得了一些有用的结论,从而为高速旋转叶片的结构抗撞设计与优化提供相应的参考依据。
首先对平板叶片进气边的钢球撞击试验在LS-DYNA中进行了数值模拟,获得可靠的相关参数。综合运用显、隐式有限元算法进行了叶片进气边受不同形状外物撞击的瞬态显式分析和受撞击后叶片中残余应力场的静态计算,得出了不同的外物形状对叶片受撞击后的损伤的影响规律。基于能量分析的方法和板壳理论对叶片曲率对叶片外物撞击损伤的相关特征的影响进行分析,重点研究了叶片变形能与叶片曲率之间的关系。采用不同曲率半径的悬臂板模拟叶片,研究了外物撞击不同曲率的叶片凹面和凸面的撞击特征,获得了叶片曲率半径对叶片外物撞击损伤的一些影响规律。
分别采用能量守恒、弹性应力波的传播及基本水动力学的原理分析了硬体、超弹性软体及塑性软体外物撞击叶片时的撞击载荷。对超弹性软体(橡胶)和塑性软体(明胶)低速撞击刚性墙进行数值模拟与验证。并对这两种软体撞击叶片进气边进行了数值分析,仿真结果表明,撞击过程中这两种软体外物均出现了被切割的现象,并且在同一撞击条件下,橡胶撞击明显比明胶撞击对叶片的损伤大。在相同的初始撞击能量及入射角度下,以砂石、橡胶和明胶分别作为硬体、超弹性软体及塑性软体外物进行外物撞击叶片的数值分析与比较,得到了相同撞击条件下,叶片受不同材料的外物撞击的有关撞击特征规律。采用显-隐式的转换算法,对叶片受不同材料的外物撞击损伤前后的模态特性进行了研究,结果表明外物损伤对叶片的固有频率影响较大,对其模态振型影响不大。
基于Lamb问题的应力波分析理论对叶片外物撞击瞬间,叶片内激发的应力波种类、先后顺序及其对叶片可能产生的损伤进行分析；结合数值方法对叶片中应力波的传播与作用特征及其影响的因素(撞击载荷模型和应变率效应)进行了研究,结果表明撞击载荷模型的不同,导致叶片所受的入射应力波的幅值和波长不一样；应变率效应的存在,使得叶片中应力波的幅值明显提高,而衰减速度减小,反射应力波幅值也相应地变大。
基于终点弹道学中运动靶的弹丸非理想撞击的分析原理,建立了旋转运动的叶片受外物撞击损伤的分析模型,研究了叶片的旋转运动对叶片受外物损伤的影响规律。建立了结构预应力(主要是离心预应力)作用下叶片外物撞击的非线性动力学模型。提出采用动力松弛的方法在撞击分析之前对叶片结构进行应力和位移场的初始化。结合应力波传播的相关理论,对不同转速下的实际叶片模型进行外物撞击的数值分析,获得了不同离心预载作用下外物损伤的一些规律。最后,以M20螺栓和橡胶残骸分别作为硬体外物和软体外物的代表,进行多个旋转叶片的外物撞击损伤分析,比较了两者撞击多个旋转叶片时的撞击特征的区别。
The blades of impeller machinery with high rotating speed are often damaged by foreign objects such as metal,sandstone,hailstone,which are ingested with airflow. It can lead to a degradation in the machine's performance and affect its normal working, even cause catastrophic accidents.According to the research findings of foreign objects damage(FOD) of blades on experiments and numerical analysis, analysis for the FOD of blades under various impact conditions is conducted by using the advanced computing techniques and analytical procedures. These impact conditions include various shapes and materials of foreign objects,motion and structural prestress of blades. The present dissertation aims at exploring a suit of integrated and systematic method for FOD of blades, and obtaining some useful conclusions, thus offering an important reference for the investigation of anti-impacting damage of blades under foreign object damage and structure optimization of blades.
Firstly,the experiment for the steel sphere impacting on the leading edge of flat blade is simulated in the LS-DYNA.It provides reliable correlative parameters for the following analysis.Dynamic analysis for the leading edge of blades impacted with foreign objects with different shapes and static calculation for residual stress of the blades after impacting are done by combining Explicit and implicit analysis. An analysis based on energy method and the theory for plate and shell is conducted to explain the influence of blade's curvature on the impact damage characteristics. It emphasizes on the relationship between blade's deformation energy and its curvature.Cantilever panels with different curvature radii are used to simulate blades to investigate the foreign objects damage characteristics of impacting on the convex sides and concave sides of blades with different curvature radii. And some rules on the effects of blade curvature on the characteristics of foreign objects damage are obtained.
The energy balance model, elastic stress wave propagation and the fundamental hydrodynamics are respectively used to analyse the impact load for hard body, hyperelastic soft body and plastic soft body impacting on the blades.Hyperelastic soft body(rubber) and plastic soft body(gelatine) impacting on the rigid walls are analysed by numerical simulation. The two kinds of soft bodys impacting on the leading edges of blades are also simulated.The results suggest the two kinds of soft bodys are sliced by blades during impacting.And the impact damage for blade caused by rubber impacting is greater than the one caused by gelatine impacting under the same impacting conditions. With the same initial impacting energy and impacting angle, sandstone, rubber and gelatine,which are respectively considered as hard body, hyperelastic soft body and plastic soft body, are used to analyze foreign objects damage of blades. And rules for impacting characteristics of blades under different material objects impacting are gained. Modal analysis for blades before and after different material foreign objects damage is conducted through the method for explicit algorithmic switch to implicit algorithmic. The results indicate that natural frequencies of the blade are more influenced by the foreign objects damage,but the mode shapes are less influenced.
Variety and the producing sequence of stress wave in the blade during impacted by foreign objects are investigated by using stress wave theory for Lamb's problem.The possible damage to the blade caused by stress wave are also analyzed. Combined with numerical method, propagation and action characteristics of stress wave are researched.And the effects of impact load and strain rate on the propagation and action of stress wave are also analyzed.The results suggest that different impact load may lead to different crest values and wave lengths of incident wave in the blade. And the existing of strain rate increases the crest values of incident and reflected wave, decrease the attenuation velocity of stress wave.
On the basis of theory of non-ideal impacting on the motion target in the terminal ballistics, an analysis model for foreign objects damage of blade with rotating motion is established to study the effects of blade's rotating motion on the foreign objects damage of blade.Nonlinear dynamics model for FOD of blade with structural prestress is founded to analyze the effects of centrifugal prestress on the FOD of blade. And the dynamic relaxation method is used to obtain the initial stress and displacement field of blades in the beginning of the analysis of impacting.Combined with the theory for stress wave, numerical analysis for foreign objects damage of real blade with different rotating speeds is carried out.Then, rules for FOD of blade under different centrifugal loads are acquired.
Finally,M20 bolt and rubber debris,which are respectively considered as hard body and soft body,are used to investigate the foreign objects damage of multi-blades with rotating speed.Differences of impacting characteristics between the two kinds of foreign objects are compared.
首先对平板叶片进气边的钢球撞击试验在LS-DYNA中进行了数值模拟,获得可靠的相关参数。综合运用显、隐式有限元算法进行了叶片进气边受不同形状外物撞击的瞬态显式分析和受撞击后叶片中残余应力场的静态计算,得出了不同的外物形状对叶片受撞击后的损伤的影响规律。基于能量分析的方法和板壳理论对叶片曲率对叶片外物撞击损伤的相关特征的影响进行分析,重点研究了叶片变形能与叶片曲率之间的关系。采用不同曲率半径的悬臂板模拟叶片,研究了外物撞击不同曲率的叶片凹面和凸面的撞击特征,获得了叶片曲率半径对叶片外物撞击损伤的一些影响规律。
分别采用能量守恒、弹性应力波的传播及基本水动力学的原理分析了硬体、超弹性软体及塑性软体外物撞击叶片时的撞击载荷。对超弹性软体(橡胶)和塑性软体(明胶)低速撞击刚性墙进行数值模拟与验证。并对这两种软体撞击叶片进气边进行了数值分析,仿真结果表明,撞击过程中这两种软体外物均出现了被切割的现象,并且在同一撞击条件下,橡胶撞击明显比明胶撞击对叶片的损伤大。在相同的初始撞击能量及入射角度下,以砂石、橡胶和明胶分别作为硬体、超弹性软体及塑性软体外物进行外物撞击叶片的数值分析与比较,得到了相同撞击条件下,叶片受不同材料的外物撞击的有关撞击特征规律。采用显-隐式的转换算法,对叶片受不同材料的外物撞击损伤前后的模态特性进行了研究,结果表明外物损伤对叶片的固有频率影响较大,对其模态振型影响不大。
基于Lamb问题的应力波分析理论对叶片外物撞击瞬间,叶片内激发的应力波种类、先后顺序及其对叶片可能产生的损伤进行分析；结合数值方法对叶片中应力波的传播与作用特征及其影响的因素(撞击载荷模型和应变率效应)进行了研究,结果表明撞击载荷模型的不同,导致叶片所受的入射应力波的幅值和波长不一样；应变率效应的存在,使得叶片中应力波的幅值明显提高,而衰减速度减小,反射应力波幅值也相应地变大。
基于终点弹道学中运动靶的弹丸非理想撞击的分析原理,建立了旋转运动的叶片受外物撞击损伤的分析模型,研究了叶片的旋转运动对叶片受外物损伤的影响规律。建立了结构预应力(主要是离心预应力)作用下叶片外物撞击的非线性动力学模型。提出采用动力松弛的方法在撞击分析之前对叶片结构进行应力和位移场的初始化。结合应力波传播的相关理论,对不同转速下的实际叶片模型进行外物撞击的数值分析,获得了不同离心预载作用下外物损伤的一些规律。最后,以M20螺栓和橡胶残骸分别作为硬体外物和软体外物的代表,进行多个旋转叶片的外物撞击损伤分析,比较了两者撞击多个旋转叶片时的撞击特征的区别。
The blades of impeller machinery with high rotating speed are often damaged by foreign objects such as metal,sandstone,hailstone,which are ingested with airflow. It can lead to a degradation in the machine's performance and affect its normal working, even cause catastrophic accidents.According to the research findings of foreign objects damage(FOD) of blades on experiments and numerical analysis, analysis for the FOD of blades under various impact conditions is conducted by using the advanced computing techniques and analytical procedures. These impact conditions include various shapes and materials of foreign objects,motion and structural prestress of blades. The present dissertation aims at exploring a suit of integrated and systematic method for FOD of blades, and obtaining some useful conclusions, thus offering an important reference for the investigation of anti-impacting damage of blades under foreign object damage and structure optimization of blades.
Firstly,the experiment for the steel sphere impacting on the leading edge of flat blade is simulated in the LS-DYNA.It provides reliable correlative parameters for the following analysis.Dynamic analysis for the leading edge of blades impacted with foreign objects with different shapes and static calculation for residual stress of the blades after impacting are done by combining Explicit and implicit analysis. An analysis based on energy method and the theory for plate and shell is conducted to explain the influence of blade's curvature on the impact damage characteristics. It emphasizes on the relationship between blade's deformation energy and its curvature.Cantilever panels with different curvature radii are used to simulate blades to investigate the foreign objects damage characteristics of impacting on the convex sides and concave sides of blades with different curvature radii. And some rules on the effects of blade curvature on the characteristics of foreign objects damage are obtained.
The energy balance model, elastic stress wave propagation and the fundamental hydrodynamics are respectively used to analyse the impact load for hard body, hyperelastic soft body and plastic soft body impacting on the blades.Hyperelastic soft body(rubber) and plastic soft body(gelatine) impacting on the rigid walls are analysed by numerical simulation. The two kinds of soft bodys impacting on the leading edges of blades are also simulated.The results suggest the two kinds of soft bodys are sliced by blades during impacting.And the impact damage for blade caused by rubber impacting is greater than the one caused by gelatine impacting under the same impacting conditions. With the same initial impacting energy and impacting angle, sandstone, rubber and gelatine,which are respectively considered as hard body, hyperelastic soft body and plastic soft body, are used to analyze foreign objects damage of blades. And rules for impacting characteristics of blades under different material objects impacting are gained. Modal analysis for blades before and after different material foreign objects damage is conducted through the method for explicit algorithmic switch to implicit algorithmic. The results indicate that natural frequencies of the blade are more influenced by the foreign objects damage,but the mode shapes are less influenced.
Variety and the producing sequence of stress wave in the blade during impacted by foreign objects are investigated by using stress wave theory for Lamb's problem.The possible damage to the blade caused by stress wave are also analyzed. Combined with numerical method, propagation and action characteristics of stress wave are researched.And the effects of impact load and strain rate on the propagation and action of stress wave are also analyzed.The results suggest that different impact load may lead to different crest values and wave lengths of incident wave in the blade. And the existing of strain rate increases the crest values of incident and reflected wave, decrease the attenuation velocity of stress wave.
On the basis of theory of non-ideal impacting on the motion target in the terminal ballistics, an analysis model for foreign objects damage of blade with rotating motion is established to study the effects of blade's rotating motion on the foreign objects damage of blade.Nonlinear dynamics model for FOD of blade with structural prestress is founded to analyze the effects of centrifugal prestress on the FOD of blade. And the dynamic relaxation method is used to obtain the initial stress and displacement field of blades in the beginning of the analysis of impacting.Combined with the theory for stress wave, numerical analysis for foreign objects damage of real blade with different rotating speeds is carried out.Then, rules for FOD of blade under different centrifugal loads are acquired.
Finally,M20 bolt and rubber debris,which are respectively considered as hard body and soft body,are used to investigate the foreign objects damage of multi-blades with rotating speed.Differences of impacting characteristics between the two kinds of foreign objects are compared.
引文
[1]崔卫民,杨智春,诸强.离散源撞击下结构生存力研究中的若干问题初探,2000,19：70-74
[2]Ito Y M, Carpenter G E, Perry F W. Bird impact loading model for aircraft windshield design. CRT 3090-2,1977
[3]Wilbeck J S. Impact behavior of low strength projectiles. AFML-TR-77-134,1978
[4]Barber J P, Wilbeck J S, Taylor H R. Bird impact forces and pressures on rigid and compliant targets. AFFDL-TR-77-60, AD A061313,1978:1-78
[5]Challita A,Barber J P.The scalling of bird impact loads. AFFDL-TR-79-3042,1979
[6]Wilbeck J S,Barber J P. Bird impact loading. Shock and Vibration Bulletin, Part 2. 1978:115-120.
[7]Ubels L C, Johnson A F, Gallard J P, etal. Design and testing of a composite bird strike resistant leading edge. The SAMPE Europe conference&exhibition, NLR-TP-2003-054,2003
[8]Hou J P, Ruiz C.Soft body impact on laminated composite materials. Composite:Part A,2007,38:505-515
[9]Mccarthy M A, Xiao J R,Mccarthy C T. Modelling of bird strike on an aircraft wing leading edge made from fibre metal laminates-Part 2:Modelling of impact with SPH bird model. Applied composite materials,2004,11:317-340
[10]尹晶,高德平,范尔宁.鸟撞击叶片时的载荷模型.航空动力学报,1993,8(4)：363-367.
[11]Boehman L T,Challita A. A model for predicting bird and ice impact loads on structures.AFWAL2TR28222046,AD A1 19408,1982:15-23.
[12]关玉璞,陈伟,黄志勇.一种鸟撞击叶片的切割模型.南京航空航天大学学报,2004,36(6)：784-786
[13]尹晶,陈伟.软体外物撞击叶栅时的切割模型.南京航空学院学报,1992,24(4)：403-408
[14]Castelletti Luiqi-M L,Anghileri Marco. Birdstrike:The influence of t he bird modeling on t he slicing forces.31_(st)European Rotorcraft Forum,2005:10.1-10,12.
[15]关玉璞,陈伟,高德平.航空发动机叶片外物损伤研究现状.航空学报,2007,28(4)：851-857
[16]陈伟,高德平,尹晶.航空发动机叶片的鸟撞击损伤研究.燃气涡轮试验与研究,1998,11(4)：34-39
[17]张在坤.粒子分离器涡流叶片外物撞击试验与分析.南京航空航天大学.硕士学位论文,2006
[18]Robert S B.Structural element and real blade impact testing. Volume I. AFWAL2TR28222121, AD A127744,1983:1246.
[19]Robert S B. Structural element and real blade impact testing.Volume Ⅱ. AFWAL2TR28222121,AD A127957,1983:1286.
[20]Ruiz R,Rollins M,Chen S,et al. Experimental study of bird impact and containment. ER1/9/4/2057/097 RAE(P),1987.
[21]Ikeda Tameshi,Miyaji Toshio,Sofue Yasushi. Basic investigation on t he impact strength of hollow fan blades.Research Institute of Aviation and Universal Technology,ReportNo 879,1985:1221.
[22]Teichman H C, Tadros R N. Analytical and experimental simulation of fan blade behaviour and damage under bird impact. ASME paper 902GT2126,1990:1215.
[23]高德平,李清红.叶片鸟撞击的理论和实验研究,航空动力学报,1990,4(5)：335-338
[24]陈伟.真实叶片鸟撞击响应的测试与分析技术.南京：南京航空航天大学,1995
[25]Guan Yupu, Zhao Zhenhua, Chen Wei,etal. Foreign Object Damage to Fan Rotor Blades of Aeroengine Part I:Experimental Study of Bird Impact.Chinese Journal of Aeronautics,2007,20:408-414
[26]文颖娟.叶片鸟撞击响应分析模化技术与验证研究.南京航空航天大学.硕士学位论文,2006
[27]Nimmer R P,Boehman L.Transient, nonlinear response analysis of soft bodies impact on flat plates include interactive load determination. AIAA,81-0621,1981:507-516
[28]Belytschko T, Liu W K, Moran B. Nonlinear finite elements for continua and structures.John Wiley and Sons Ltd,2000.
[29]Carlos Alberto, Huertas-Ortecho. Robust bird-strike modeling using LS_dyna. Puerto Rico:University of PUERTO RICO MAYAGUEZ,2006
[30]Hanssen A G, Girard Y, Olovsson L.A numerical model for bird strike of aluminium foam-based sandwich panels. International Journal of Impact Engineering,2006(32): 1127-1144
[31]陈伟,关玉璞,高德平.发动机叶片鸟撞击瞬态响应的数值模拟.航空学报,2003,24(6)：531-533
[32]Meguid S A, Mao R H, Ng T Y, FE analysis of geometry effects of an artificial bird striking an aeroengine fan blade. Internaltional journal of impact engineering,2007:1-12
[33]Koh Chee Chuan. Finite element analysis of bird strikes on composite and glass panels.National University of Singapore,2005-2006
[34]Guan Yupu, Zhao Zhenhua, Chen Wei, etal.Foreign Object Damage to Fan Rotor Blades of Aeroengine Part Ⅱ:Numerical Simulation of Bird Impact.Chinese Journal of Aeronautics,2008,21:328-334
[35]王新军,岳珠峰,王富生,等.飞机风挡结构抗鸟撞动响应数值模拟.强度与环境,2007,34(1)：28-32
[36]万小朋,龚伦,赵美英,等.基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA的飞机机翼前缘抗鸟撞分析.西北工业大学学报,2007,25(2)：285-289
[37]谢兰生.非线性粘弹性结构鸟撞击动响应分析.南京航空航天大学学报,1995,27(6)：738-743
[38]Johnson KL著.接触力学.徐秉业等译.北京：高等教育出版社,1992.
[39]Teichman H C, Tadros R N. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power Transactions of t he ASME,1991,113:582-594.
[40]Shimamura Kazuo,Shibue Tadashi, Grosch Donald J. Numerical simulation of bird strike damage on jet engine fan blade.American Society of Mechanical Engineers,Pressure Vessels and Piping Division (Publication) PVP,v485, nPART 1, Emerging Technology in Fluids, Structures, and Fluid-Structure Interactions 2004.2004:161-166.
[41]Stoll F,Brockman R A. Finite element simulation of high speed soft2body impacts. Collection of Technical Papers 2 AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics & Materials Conference,1997,1:334-344.
[42]陈伟,尹晶,宋迎东,等.平板叶片斜撞击瞬态响应的计算分析.南京航空航天大学学报,1996,28(6)：854-857
[43]赵海欧.风扇叶片飞鸟撞击瞬态响应分析及损伤评定.南京航空航天大学.硕士学位论文,2000
[44]何建,陈冬妮,薄钢板在高速碰撞载荷作用下的数值算法,低温建筑技术,2005：67-69
[45]何建,唐平,王善柱.形杆高速碰撞薄靶板的数值仿真,系统仿真学报,2005,17(9)：2107-2110
[46]Souli M.ALE and fluid structure interaction in LS-DYNA,8~(th) International LS-DYNA users conference,2004
[47]Hormann M, Stelzmann U, McCarthy M A, Xiao J R, Horizontal tailplane subjected to impact loading, 8~(th) International LS-DYNA users conference,2004
[48]Joerg Frischbier,Astrid Kraus.Multiple stage turbofan bird ingestion analysis with ALE and SPH methods. American institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc,2005
[49]Jingyun Chen, Wieslaw K Binieda. Simulation of Soft Projectiles Impacting Composite Targets using an Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian Formulation, Journal of aircraft,2006,43(6):1726-1731
[50]Letellier A, Bung H, Galon P,et al. Bird impact on fan blade analysis using smooth particle hydrodynamics coupled with finite elements. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, pressure Vessel s and Piping Division (Publication) PVP,v 351, Structures Under Extreme Loading Conditions,1997:191-195.
[51]Vijay K Goyal, Carlos A, Huertas. Robust bird-strike modeling based on SPH formulation using LS-DYNA,47~(th)AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, structural dynamics and materials conference,2006:1-17
[52]Alastair F Johnson,Martin Holzapfel. Numerical prediction of damage in composite structures from soft body impacts. Journal of material science,2006,41:6622-6630
[53]汪勇,谢永慧,张荻.液固高速撞击时材料表面损伤的数值模拟.西安交通大学学报,2008,42(1)：6340-6441
[54]Korobkin A A. Asymptotic theory of liquid-solid impact. Philos Trans R Soc London: Ser A,1997,355:507-522.
[55]Kennedy C F, Field J E. Damage threshold velocities for liquid impact. Journal of Materials Science,2000,35 (21):533125339.
[56]Hall Er K K,Ventikos Y, Poul Ika Kosa D. Computational study of high-speed liquid droplet impact. Journal of Applied Physics,2002,92 (5):2821-2828.
[57]Min-Ku Lee, Whung-Whoe Kim, Chang-Kyu R. An analysis of stress waves in 12Cr steel,Stellite 6B and TiN by liquid impact loading. Nuclear engineering and design, 2002,214:183-193
[58]Na Li, Qulan Zhou, Xi Chen. Liquid drop impact on solid surface with application to water drop erosion on turbine blades, Part I:Nonlinear wave model and solution of one-dimensional impact. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences,2008:1-17
[59]Qulan Zhou, Na Li, Xi Chen.Liquid drop impact on solid surface with application to water drop erosion on turbine blades, Part II:Axisymmetric solution and erosion analysis.International Journal of Mechanical Sciences,2008
[60]毛靖儒,施红辉,俞茂铮,等.液滴撞击固体表面时的流体动力特性实验研究.力学与实践,1995,17(3)52-54
[61]施红辉,]FIELD J E.高速液体撞击下固体材料内的应力波传播.中国科学：G辑,2004,34(5)：577-590.
[62]孙弼,鄢宇鹏,张荻,等.液滴与可变形固面撞击的二维非线性激波模型.应用力学学报,1996,13(3)：33-38
[63]张荻,周屈兰,谢永慧,等.液固撞击的非线性波动模型的研究.西安交通大学学报,2002,36(11)：1138-1142
[64]张荻,谢永慧,周屈兰.液滴与弹性固体表面撞击过程的研究.机械工程学报,2003,39(6)：75-85
[65]Reddy E S,Abumeri G H,Chamis C C,et al. Root damage analysis of aircraft engine blade subject to ice impact. NASA Technical Memorandum,1992 (105779)
[66]Reddy E S,Abumeri G H,Chamis C C. BLASIM:A computational tool to assess ice impact damage on engine blades. Collection of Technical Papers 2 AIAA/ASME Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference,1993, (5):2912-2918.
[67]Hyonny Kim, Keith T Kedward. Modeling Hail Ice Impacts and Predicting Impact Damage Initiation in Composite Structures, AIAA Journal,2000,38(7):1278-1288
[68]M A Rios. Engine rotating components damage assessment in the US Navy.32~(nd) AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference, NAWCADLKE-MISC-43520AB-0007, AIAA,1996(3061):1-10
[69]R A W Mines, S McKown, R S Birch. Impact of aircraft rubber tyre fragments on aluminium alloy plates:I-Experimental. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2007,(34):627-646
[70]Karagiozovaa D,Mines R A W. Impact of aircraft rubber tyre fragments on aluminium alloy plates:Ⅱ-Numerical simulation using LS-DYNA. International Journal of Impact Engineering,2007,(34):647-667
[71]Marco Anghileri, Luigi-M L Castelletti, Fabio Invernizzi, etal. A survey of numerical models for hail impact analysis using explicit finite element codes. International Journal of Impact Engineering,2005,(31):929-944
[72]Kelly S Carney a, David J Benson b, Paul DuBois, etal. A phenomenological high strain rate model with failure for ice. International Journal of Solids and Structures,2006, (43):7820-7839
[73]Nicholas T, Barber J P, Bertke R S. Impact Damage on Titanium Leading Edges from Small Hard Objects. Experimental Mechanics,1980,(10):357-364
[74]康继东,陈士煊,徐志怀,.压气机叶片外物损伤及其维修性的研究进展.燃气涡轮试验与研究,1998,11(1)：59-62
[75]Peters J 0, Ritchie R O, Influence of foreign-object damage on crack initiation and early crack growth during high-cycle fatigue of Ti-6Al-4V.Engineering Fracture Mechanics,67(3),2000.10:193～207
[76]Peters J O, Ritchie R O,Foreign-object damage and high-cycle fatigue:role of microstructure in Ti-6A1-4V.International Journal of Fatigue,Volume 23,Supplement 1,2001,Pages 413-421
[77]Peters, Ritchie R O.Foreign-object damage and high-cycle fatigue of Ti-6A1V. Materials Science and Engineering A,319-321,2001.12:597～601
[78]Joseph L Hamrick, Ⅱ,B S, M S. Effects of foreign object damage from small hard particles on the high cycle fatigue life of Ti-6A1-4V.AFIT/DS/ENY/99-02,1999
[79]Christine M Martinez, Daniel Eylon, Theodore Nicholas. Effects of ballistic impact damage on fatigue crack initiation in Ti-6A1-4V simulated engine blades. Materials Science and Engineering A325 (2002) 465-477
[80]P Duo', J Liu, D Dini. Evaluation and analysis of residual stresses due to foreign object damage. Mechanics of Materials,2007,(39):199-211
[81]Xi Chen,John W.Hutchinson,Particle impact on metal substrates with application to foreign object damage to aircraft engines.Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids,50(12),2002.12:2669～2690
[82]Boyce B L, Chen X, Peters J O, Hutchinson J W and Ritchie R O, Mechanical relaxation of localized residual stresses associated with foreign object damage. Materials Science and Engineering A,349(1～2),2003.5:48～58
[83]Xi Chen,Foreign object damage on the leading edge of a thin blade.Mechanics of Materials,37(4),2005.4:447-457
[84]鲁启新,孙振德.外物打伤对叶片疲劳寿命及叶片允修容限的试验研究.第4届航空发动机结构强度振动专业学术会议论文集.南京,1987
[85]康继东,陈士煊,徐志怀.压气机叶片受外物损伤的剩余振动疲劳寿命.航空动力学报,1998,13(3)：330-352
[86]康继东,陈士煊,徐志怀.压气机叶片外物损伤模拟的撞击能量当量法.南京航空航天大学学报,1998,30(6)：611-615
[87]周胜田,罗荣梅,黄宝宗.转子叶片的外物损伤及疲劳寿命试验研究.辽宁工程技术大学学报,2007,26(30)：357-359
[88]乔文肖,熊昌炳.航空发动机外物损伤试验技术研究.航空动力学报,1990,5(3)：227-228
[89]于亚彬,陈伟.风机叶片外物损伤的模拟与分析.风机技术,2005(4)：8-10
[90]郑光华,赵长占.压气机叶片高低周复合疲劳的裂纹扩展研究,北京航空航天大学学报,1996,22(1)：33-38.
[91]Howard Banilower,Bird ingestion into large turbofan engines,National Technical Information Service,1992
[92]Howard Banilower,Bird ingestion into large turbofan engines,National Technical Information Service,1995
[93]Airoldi A, Cacchione B. Modelling of impact forces and pressures in Lagrangian bird strike analyses.International Journal of Impact Engineering,2006,(32):1651-1677
[94]McCallum S C, Constantinou C. The influence of bird shape in bird strike analysis,5~(th) European LS-DYNA users conference,2005
[95]Roder O, Thompson A W, Ritchie R O, Simulation of Foreign Object Damage of Ti-6A1-4V Gas-Turbine Blades, in Proceedings of the Third National Turbine Engine High Cycle Fatigue Conference, W. A. Stange and J. Henderson, eds., Universal Technology Corp., Dayton,1998,10:6-12
[96]Ruschau J J, Nicholas T, Thompson S R. Influence of foreign object damage (FOD) on the fatigue life of simulated Ti-6A1-4V airfoils.International Journal of Impact Engineering,2001,25 (3):233-250.
[97]刘军,李玉龙,刘元镛.基于SPH方法的叶片鸟撞数值模拟研究.振动与冲击,2008,27(9)：18-39
[98]陈伟,温卫东,高德平.不同应变率下叶片的瞬态响应分析.南京航空航天大学学报,1998,30(1)：96-98
[99]P Duo, D Nowell, J Schofield. Assessment of foreign object damage in aero engine blades,9~(th) National turbine engine HCF conference,2004
[100]陈矛章.风扇／压气机技术发展和对今后工作的建议.航空动力学报,2002,17(1)：1-15
[101]梁春华.现代典型军民用涡扇发动机的先进技术.航空科学技术.2004：20-24
[102]黄春峰.航空发动机整体叶盘结构及发展趋势.MC现代零部件,2005
[103]梁春华.国外风扇／压气机掠形叶片技术的发展.航空发动机,2000：48-51
[104]陈葆实,胡国荣,等.高马赫数高负荷单级风扇设计和试验研究.航空发动机,2000：28-35
[105]刚铁.宽弦空心风扇叶片结构设计及强度分析研究.南京航空航天大学硕士论文,2005
[106]John C Lambert. Composite blade design for bird strikes using MSC/DYTRAN,1995
[107]魏雪霞,李广利.沙粒对飞机发动机叶片的冲击碰撞.北京理工大学学报,2005,25(6)：471-474
[108]Francis C Moon.Theoretical analysis of impact in composite plates. NASA CR-121110,1996
[109]罗荣梅.叶片外物冲击损伤及其对疲劳寿命的影响.东北大学硕士学位论文,2006
[110]蒋向华,王延荣.采用流固耦合方法的整级叶片鸟撞击数值模拟.航空动力学报,2008,23(2)：299-304
[111]E V Morozov, S A Sylantiev, E G Evseev. Impact damage tolerance of laminated composite helicopter blades. Composite Structures,2003, (62):367-371
[112]陈伟,宋迎东,尹晶.离心载荷作用下平板叶片鸟撞击响应计算.航空动力学报,1997,12(2)：122-125
[113]侯满义,李曙林.应力条件下的飞机结构撞击损伤问题研究.航空科学技术,2006
[114]Yoshida H, Nakashima T, Yoshida M, etal. Shimamori toru experiment on foreign object damage of gas turbinegrade silicon nit ride ceramic. American Society of Mechanical Engineers (Paper),nGT,98-GT-399,1998
[115]美国的航空涡轮喷气和风扇发动机通用规范(MIL-E-5007D)
[116]我国军用标准航空涡轮喷气和风扇发动机通用规范(GJB241-87)
[117]Horsley J. The rolls Royce way of validating fan integrity.AIAA93-2602,1993
[118]Michael Kim, Mehdi Vahdati, Mehmet Imregun. Aeroelastic stability analysis of a bird-damaged aeroengine fan assembly, Aerosp.Sci.Technol,2001:469-482
[119]王礼立.爆炸与冲击载荷下结构和材料动态响应研究的新进展.爆炸与冲击,2001,21(2)：81-88
[120]Janine C Birkbeck. Effects of FOD on the fatigue crack initiation of ballistically impacted Ti-6A1-4V simulated engine blades. Dayton:University of Dayton,2002
[121]S Y Oakley, D No well. Prediction of the combined high and low cycle fatigue performance of gas turbine blades after foreign object damage. International Journal of Fatigue,2006
[122]Boyce B L, Chen X, Hutchinson J W, etal. The residual stress state due to a spherical hard body impact. Mechanics of materials,2001:441-454
[123]Peters J O, Boyce B L, Chen X, McNaney J M, etal. On the application of the Kitagawa-Takahashi diagram to foreign-object damage and high-cycle fatigue, Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2002:1425-1446
[124]Xi Chen. Foreign object damage and fatigue cracking. Harvard University,2001
[125]黄志勇,陈伟,赵海欧,等.评定叶片鸟撞击损伤的参数与方法.航空发动机,2005,31(1)：28-30
[126]Seung Min Jang, Tadaharu Adachi, Akihiko Yamaji. Comparing damage in CFRP laminates due to soft body and hard body impacts. Materials science reseach intermational,2002,8(3):151-155
[127]赵华新.基于应力波理论和侵彻理论的强夯法机理分析.东南大学.硕士学位论文,2006
[128]胡永祥.激光冲击处理工艺过程数值建模与冲击效应研究.上海交通大学.博士学位论文,2008
[129]王礼立.应力波基础.北京：国防工业出版,1985
[130]阿肯巴赫.弹性固体中波的传播.上海：同济大学出版社,1992
[131]张守宝.冲击采煤的应力波传播分析及研究.太原理工大学.硕士学位论文,2002
[132]马晓青,韩峰.高速碰撞动力学.北京：国防工业出版社,1998
[133]周南,乔登江.脉冲束辐照材料动力学.北京：国防工业出版社.2002.
[134]P. Duo', J. Liu, D. Dini, etal. Evaluation and analysis of residual stresses due to foreign object damage. Mechanics of Materials 2007,39:199-211
[135]Hallquist J O.LS-dyna keyword user's manual v970. Livermore Software Technology Corporation, California,2003
[136]李艳敏.复杂结构的冲击动力学分析与仿真.西北工业大学.硕士学位论文,2005
[137]Hallquist J O.LS-DYNA theory manual.Livermore Software Technology Corporation, California,2006:594-596
[138]陈钢.高速弹丸冲击下油箱动态响应的数值模拟.西北工业大学.硕士学位论文,2005
[139]ANSYS/LS-DYNA算法基础和使用方法.北京理工大学ANSYS/LS-DYNA中国技术支持中心,1999
[140]叶镇,邹志刚.接触撞击分析有限元法初探.民用飞机设计与研究,2002
[141]王军.粒子分离器涡形叶片金属块撞击试验与数值模拟.南京航空航天大学.硕士学位论文,2006
[142]姜河蓉.船和桥墩防撞装置仿真模拟研究.武汉理工大学.硕士学位论文,2004
[143]王勖成,邵敏.有限单元法基本原理和数值方法.北京：清华大学出版社,1997
[144]白金泽.基于神经网络方法的鸟撞飞机风挡反问题研究.西北工业大学.博士学位论文,2003
[145]尹晶,李清红.不同的力-时间函数及初始冲击压力对叶片响应的影响.南京航空学院学报,1992,24(1)：107-111
[146]尹晶.鸟撞击的载荷因素对叶片响应的影响.航空动力学报1992,7(1)：51-54
[147]尹晶等.叶片非线性瞬态响应计算方法与参数选择.南京航空航天大学学报,1995,27(4)：571-575
[148]Fu-JunWanga, Li-PingWanga, Jian-Gang Chengb, etal. Contact force algorithm in explicit transient analysis using finite-element method.Finite Elements in Analysis and Design,2007,43:580-587
[149]王福军.冲击接触问题有限元法并行计算及其工程应用.清华大学.博士学位论文,2000
[150]Belytschko T.Contact-Impact.Northwestern University,1998
[151]雷正保.大变形结构的耐撞性.中南大学.博士学位论文,2004
[152]王峰.有限元及其在高速碰撞中的应用.中国科学技术大学.博士学位论文,2007
[153]Martin W Heinstein, Frank J Mello, Stephen W Attaway a, etal.Contact-impact modeling in explicit transient dynamics.Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg,2000,187:621-640
[154]Ulven C,Vaida U K,Hosur M V.Effect of projectile shape during ballistic perforation of VARTM carbon/epoxy composite panels. Composite Structures,2003,6:143-150
[155]张伟,马文来,管公顺,等.非弹丸超高速撞击航天器防护结构数值模拟.爆炸与冲击,2007,27(3)：240-245
[156]马文来,张伟,管公顺,等.椭球弹丸超高速撞击防护屏碎片云数值模拟.材料科学与工艺,2005,13(3)：294-298
[157]Chen J K, Medina D F.The effects of projectile shape on laminated composite perforation.Composite Science and Technology,1998,58:1629-1639
[158]Ramkumar RL,Thakar YR.Dynamic Response of Curved Laminated Plates Subjected to Low Velocity Impact. Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, Vol.109, Jan 1987, pp.67-71.
[159]Damodar R Ambur,James H Starnes. Nonlinear response and damage initiation characteristics of curved composite plates subjected to low speed impact 97; AIAA-97-1058
[160]Damodar R Ambur,James H Starnes.The influence of impactor and target parameters on the nonlinear response and residual strength of curved thin composite, AIAA Journal 2000-1591, A00-25741
[161]Laura S Kistler,Anthony M Waas.On the response of curved laminated panels subjected to transverse impact loads. International Journal of Solids and Structures 1999,36:1311-1327
[162]H Pan, P M Render. Effects of target curvature on the impact characteristics of simulated hailstones.Proc Instn Mech Engrs,Vol 211 Part G,1997
[163]David Scott Stargel.Experimental and numerical investigation into the effects of panel curvature on the high velocity ballistic impact response of aluminum and composite panels. PhD Dissertation. University of Maryland,2005
[164]韩强,黄小清,宁建国.高等板壳理论.北京：科学出版社,2002
[165]Tadaharu Adachi, Satoshi Yamamura, Masahiro Arai, etal, Approximated evaluation of load history by soft body impact. The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers,1999, 65:1615-1621
[166]Jenq S T, Hsiao F B, Lin I C, et al. Simulation of a rigid plate hit by a cylindrical hemi-spherical tip-ended soft impactor. Computational materials science,2007,39:518-526
[167]林玉亮,卢芳云,卢力.高应变率下硅橡胶的本构行为研究.高压物理学报,2007,21(3)：289-294
[168]岳建军,刘土光,肖文勇等.受横向撞击弹性板的动力响应分析.舰船科学技术,2005,27(2)：27-32
[169]Brice N Cassenti. Hugoniot pressure loading in soft body impacts.Analytical engineer,AIAA(79-0782),1979:241-248
[170]Robert S.Bertke,John P.Barber. Impact damage on Titanium leading edges from soft body objects.University of Dayton Research Institute,1976
[171]Johnson, Martin Holzapfel. Modelling soft body impact on composite structures. Composite Structures,2003,61:103-113
[172]Xiafan Hou,Werner Goldsmith. Projectile perforation of moving plates:experimental investigation. Int.J.Impact Engineering,1996,18(7-8):859-875
[173]Werner Goldsmith. Non-ideal projectile impact on targets. International Journal of Impact Engineering,1999;22:95-395
[174]M.Lee.A numerical comparison of the ballistic performance of unitary rod and segmented-rods against stationary and moving oblique plates.International Journal of Impact Engineering,2001,26:399-407
[175]E.Lide'n,B.Johansson,B.Lundberg.Effect of thin oblique moving plates on long rod projectiles:A reverse impact study.International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2006,32:1696-1720
[176]Colombo D, Giglio M.Numerical analysis of thin-walled shaft perforation by projectile. Computers and Structures,2007,85:1264-1280
[177]Pan H, Render P M.The influence of target rotation on impact characteristics of simulated hailstones,95,AIAA-95-3038
[178]Resnyansky A D, The impact response of composite materials involved in helicopter vulnerability assessment:Literature review part-2,Australia:Weapons systems division defence science and technology organisation,DSTO-TR-1842 Part 2,2006
[179]Sheng-Tsong Chiu, Yie-Yih Liou, Yuan-Chang Chang, etal. Low velocity impact behavior of prestressed composite laminates. Materials chemistry and physics,1997, 47:268-272
[180]Timothy J Holmquist, Gordon R Johnson.Modeling prestressed ceramic and its effect on ballistic performace. International journal of impact engineering,2005,31:113-127
[181]Mikkor K M, Thomson R S, Herszberg I. Finite element modeling of impact on preloaded composite panels.Composite structures,2006,75:501-513
[182]Rajeev Jain, Ramachandra K, Simha K R Y. Impact on spinning discs. International Journal of Impact Engineering 2004,30:1111-1129
[183]Karmakar Amit, Sinha P K. Impact induced dynamic failure of laminated composite pretwisted rotating plates.Aircaft Engineering and Aerospace Technology:An International Journal,2000,72(2):142-155
[184]倪向贵,邵鹏飞,王宇等.动力松弛法在板料成形过程数值模拟中的应用.计算力学学报,2001,3(18)：345-348
[185]Kezhun Li,Werner Goldsmith.An analytical model for tumbing projectile perforation of thin aluminum plates. Impact Engineering,1995,18(1):45-63
[186]Weidong Song, Jianguo Ning, Jing Wang. Normal impact of truncated oval-nosed projectiles on stiffened plates. International Journal of Impact Engineering,2007
[187]Francis C Moon, Kang C K. Analysis of edge impact stresses in composite plates.NASA CR-134720,1974
[188]Wang Li Lih.Unloading waves and unloading failures in structures under impact loading.International Journal of Impact engineering,2004,30:889-900
[189]Abumeri G H,Reddy E S.Dynamic analysis of a pre-and-post ice impacted blade.AIAA 92-4273,1992
[190]Donald R Lesuer. Experimental investigations of material models for Ti-6A1-4V titanium and 2024-T3 aluminum.DOT/FAA/AR-00/25,2000
[2]Ito Y M, Carpenter G E, Perry F W. Bird impact loading model for aircraft windshield design. CRT 3090-2,1977
[3]Wilbeck J S. Impact behavior of low strength projectiles. AFML-TR-77-134,1978
[4]Barber J P, Wilbeck J S, Taylor H R. Bird impact forces and pressures on rigid and compliant targets. AFFDL-TR-77-60, AD A061313,1978:1-78
[5]Challita A,Barber J P.The scalling of bird impact loads. AFFDL-TR-79-3042,1979
[6]Wilbeck J S,Barber J P. Bird impact loading. Shock and Vibration Bulletin, Part 2. 1978:115-120.
[7]Ubels L C, Johnson A F, Gallard J P, etal. Design and testing of a composite bird strike resistant leading edge. The SAMPE Europe conference&exhibition, NLR-TP-2003-054,2003
[8]Hou J P, Ruiz C.Soft body impact on laminated composite materials. Composite:Part A,2007,38:505-515
[9]Mccarthy M A, Xiao J R,Mccarthy C T. Modelling of bird strike on an aircraft wing leading edge made from fibre metal laminates-Part 2:Modelling of impact with SPH bird model. Applied composite materials,2004,11:317-340
[10]尹晶,高德平,范尔宁.鸟撞击叶片时的载荷模型.航空动力学报,1993,8(4)：363-367.
[11]Boehman L T,Challita A. A model for predicting bird and ice impact loads on structures.AFWAL2TR28222046,AD A1 19408,1982:15-23.
[12]关玉璞,陈伟,黄志勇.一种鸟撞击叶片的切割模型.南京航空航天大学学报,2004,36(6)：784-786
[13]尹晶,陈伟.软体外物撞击叶栅时的切割模型.南京航空学院学报,1992,24(4)：403-408
[14]Castelletti Luiqi-M L,Anghileri Marco. Birdstrike:The influence of t he bird modeling on t he slicing forces.31_(st)European Rotorcraft Forum,2005:10.1-10,12.
[15]关玉璞,陈伟,高德平.航空发动机叶片外物损伤研究现状.航空学报,2007,28(4)：851-857
[16]陈伟,高德平,尹晶.航空发动机叶片的鸟撞击损伤研究.燃气涡轮试验与研究,1998,11(4)：34-39
[17]张在坤.粒子分离器涡流叶片外物撞击试验与分析.南京航空航天大学.硕士学位论文,2006
[18]Robert S B.Structural element and real blade impact testing. Volume I. AFWAL2TR28222121, AD A127744,1983:1246.
[19]Robert S B. Structural element and real blade impact testing.Volume Ⅱ. AFWAL2TR28222121,AD A127957,1983:1286.
[20]Ruiz R,Rollins M,Chen S,et al. Experimental study of bird impact and containment. ER1/9/4/2057/097 RAE(P),1987.
[21]Ikeda Tameshi,Miyaji Toshio,Sofue Yasushi. Basic investigation on t he impact strength of hollow fan blades.Research Institute of Aviation and Universal Technology,ReportNo 879,1985:1221.
[22]Teichman H C, Tadros R N. Analytical and experimental simulation of fan blade behaviour and damage under bird impact. ASME paper 902GT2126,1990:1215.
[23]高德平,李清红.叶片鸟撞击的理论和实验研究,航空动力学报,1990,4(5)：335-338
[24]陈伟.真实叶片鸟撞击响应的测试与分析技术.南京：南京航空航天大学,1995
[25]Guan Yupu, Zhao Zhenhua, Chen Wei,etal. Foreign Object Damage to Fan Rotor Blades of Aeroengine Part I:Experimental Study of Bird Impact.Chinese Journal of Aeronautics,2007,20:408-414
[26]文颖娟.叶片鸟撞击响应分析模化技术与验证研究.南京航空航天大学.硕士学位论文,2006
[27]Nimmer R P,Boehman L.Transient, nonlinear response analysis of soft bodies impact on flat plates include interactive load determination. AIAA,81-0621,1981:507-516
[28]Belytschko T, Liu W K, Moran B. Nonlinear finite elements for continua and structures.John Wiley and Sons Ltd,2000.
[29]Carlos Alberto, Huertas-Ortecho. Robust bird-strike modeling using LS_dyna. Puerto Rico:University of PUERTO RICO MAYAGUEZ,2006
[30]Hanssen A G, Girard Y, Olovsson L.A numerical model for bird strike of aluminium foam-based sandwich panels. International Journal of Impact Engineering,2006(32): 1127-1144
[31]陈伟,关玉璞,高德平.发动机叶片鸟撞击瞬态响应的数值模拟.航空学报,2003,24(6)：531-533
[32]Meguid S A, Mao R H, Ng T Y, FE analysis of geometry effects of an artificial bird striking an aeroengine fan blade. Internaltional journal of impact engineering,2007:1-12
[33]Koh Chee Chuan. Finite element analysis of bird strikes on composite and glass panels.National University of Singapore,2005-2006
[34]Guan Yupu, Zhao Zhenhua, Chen Wei, etal.Foreign Object Damage to Fan Rotor Blades of Aeroengine Part Ⅱ:Numerical Simulation of Bird Impact.Chinese Journal of Aeronautics,2008,21:328-334
[35]王新军,岳珠峰,王富生,等.飞机风挡结构抗鸟撞动响应数值模拟.强度与环境,2007,34(1)：28-32
[36]万小朋,龚伦,赵美英,等.基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA的飞机机翼前缘抗鸟撞分析.西北工业大学学报,2007,25(2)：285-289
[37]谢兰生.非线性粘弹性结构鸟撞击动响应分析.南京航空航天大学学报,1995,27(6)：738-743
[38]Johnson KL著.接触力学.徐秉业等译.北京：高等教育出版社,1992.
[39]Teichman H C, Tadros R N. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power Transactions of t he ASME,1991,113:582-594.
[40]Shimamura Kazuo,Shibue Tadashi, Grosch Donald J. Numerical simulation of bird strike damage on jet engine fan blade.American Society of Mechanical Engineers,Pressure Vessels and Piping Division (Publication) PVP,v485, nPART 1, Emerging Technology in Fluids, Structures, and Fluid-Structure Interactions 2004.2004:161-166.
[41]Stoll F,Brockman R A. Finite element simulation of high speed soft2body impacts. Collection of Technical Papers 2 AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics & Materials Conference,1997,1:334-344.
[42]陈伟,尹晶,宋迎东,等.平板叶片斜撞击瞬态响应的计算分析.南京航空航天大学学报,1996,28(6)：854-857
[43]赵海欧.风扇叶片飞鸟撞击瞬态响应分析及损伤评定.南京航空航天大学.硕士学位论文,2000
[44]何建,陈冬妮,薄钢板在高速碰撞载荷作用下的数值算法,低温建筑技术,2005：67-69
[45]何建,唐平,王善柱.形杆高速碰撞薄靶板的数值仿真,系统仿真学报,2005,17(9)：2107-2110
[46]Souli M.ALE and fluid structure interaction in LS-DYNA,8~(th) International LS-DYNA users conference,2004
[47]Hormann M, Stelzmann U, McCarthy M A, Xiao J R, Horizontal tailplane subjected to impact loading, 8~(th) International LS-DYNA users conference,2004
[48]Joerg Frischbier,Astrid Kraus.Multiple stage turbofan bird ingestion analysis with ALE and SPH methods. American institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc,2005
[49]Jingyun Chen, Wieslaw K Binieda. Simulation of Soft Projectiles Impacting Composite Targets using an Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian Formulation, Journal of aircraft,2006,43(6):1726-1731
[50]Letellier A, Bung H, Galon P,et al. Bird impact on fan blade analysis using smooth particle hydrodynamics coupled with finite elements. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, pressure Vessel s and Piping Division (Publication) PVP,v 351, Structures Under Extreme Loading Conditions,1997:191-195.
[51]Vijay K Goyal, Carlos A, Huertas. Robust bird-strike modeling based on SPH formulation using LS-DYNA,47~(th)AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, structural dynamics and materials conference,2006:1-17
[52]Alastair F Johnson,Martin Holzapfel. Numerical prediction of damage in composite structures from soft body impacts. Journal of material science,2006,41:6622-6630
[53]汪勇,谢永慧,张荻.液固高速撞击时材料表面损伤的数值模拟.西安交通大学学报,2008,42(1)：6340-6441
[54]Korobkin A A. Asymptotic theory of liquid-solid impact. Philos Trans R Soc London: Ser A,1997,355:507-522.
[55]Kennedy C F, Field J E. Damage threshold velocities for liquid impact. Journal of Materials Science,2000,35 (21):533125339.
[56]Hall Er K K,Ventikos Y, Poul Ika Kosa D. Computational study of high-speed liquid droplet impact. Journal of Applied Physics,2002,92 (5):2821-2828.
[57]Min-Ku Lee, Whung-Whoe Kim, Chang-Kyu R. An analysis of stress waves in 12Cr steel,Stellite 6B and TiN by liquid impact loading. Nuclear engineering and design, 2002,214:183-193
[58]Na Li, Qulan Zhou, Xi Chen. Liquid drop impact on solid surface with application to water drop erosion on turbine blades, Part I:Nonlinear wave model and solution of one-dimensional impact. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences,2008:1-17
[59]Qulan Zhou, Na Li, Xi Chen.Liquid drop impact on solid surface with application to water drop erosion on turbine blades, Part II:Axisymmetric solution and erosion analysis.International Journal of Mechanical Sciences,2008
[60]毛靖儒,施红辉,俞茂铮,等.液滴撞击固体表面时的流体动力特性实验研究.力学与实践,1995,17(3)52-54
[61]施红辉,]FIELD J E.高速液体撞击下固体材料内的应力波传播.中国科学：G辑,2004,34(5)：577-590.
[62]孙弼,鄢宇鹏,张荻,等.液滴与可变形固面撞击的二维非线性激波模型.应用力学学报,1996,13(3)：33-38
[63]张荻,周屈兰,谢永慧,等.液固撞击的非线性波动模型的研究.西安交通大学学报,2002,36(11)：1138-1142
[64]张荻,谢永慧,周屈兰.液滴与弹性固体表面撞击过程的研究.机械工程学报,2003,39(6)：75-85
[65]Reddy E S,Abumeri G H,Chamis C C,et al. Root damage analysis of aircraft engine blade subject to ice impact. NASA Technical Memorandum,1992 (105779)
[66]Reddy E S,Abumeri G H,Chamis C C. BLASIM:A computational tool to assess ice impact damage on engine blades. Collection of Technical Papers 2 AIAA/ASME Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference,1993, (5):2912-2918.
[67]Hyonny Kim, Keith T Kedward. Modeling Hail Ice Impacts and Predicting Impact Damage Initiation in Composite Structures, AIAA Journal,2000,38(7):1278-1288
[68]M A Rios. Engine rotating components damage assessment in the US Navy.32~(nd) AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference, NAWCADLKE-MISC-43520AB-0007, AIAA,1996(3061):1-10
[69]R A W Mines, S McKown, R S Birch. Impact of aircraft rubber tyre fragments on aluminium alloy plates:I-Experimental. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2007,(34):627-646
[70]Karagiozovaa D,Mines R A W. Impact of aircraft rubber tyre fragments on aluminium alloy plates:Ⅱ-Numerical simulation using LS-DYNA. International Journal of Impact Engineering,2007,(34):647-667
[71]Marco Anghileri, Luigi-M L Castelletti, Fabio Invernizzi, etal. A survey of numerical models for hail impact analysis using explicit finite element codes. International Journal of Impact Engineering,2005,(31):929-944
[72]Kelly S Carney a, David J Benson b, Paul DuBois, etal. A phenomenological high strain rate model with failure for ice. International Journal of Solids and Structures,2006, (43):7820-7839
[73]Nicholas T, Barber J P, Bertke R S. Impact Damage on Titanium Leading Edges from Small Hard Objects. Experimental Mechanics,1980,(10):357-364
[74]康继东,陈士煊,徐志怀,.压气机叶片外物损伤及其维修性的研究进展.燃气涡轮试验与研究,1998,11(1)：59-62
[75]Peters J 0, Ritchie R O, Influence of foreign-object damage on crack initiation and early crack growth during high-cycle fatigue of Ti-6Al-4V.Engineering Fracture Mechanics,67(3),2000.10:193～207
[76]Peters J O, Ritchie R O,Foreign-object damage and high-cycle fatigue:role of microstructure in Ti-6A1-4V.International Journal of Fatigue,Volume 23,Supplement 1,2001,Pages 413-421
[77]Peters, Ritchie R O.Foreign-object damage and high-cycle fatigue of Ti-6A1V. Materials Science and Engineering A,319-321,2001.12:597～601
[78]Joseph L Hamrick, Ⅱ,B S, M S. Effects of foreign object damage from small hard particles on the high cycle fatigue life of Ti-6A1-4V.AFIT/DS/ENY/99-02,1999
[79]Christine M Martinez, Daniel Eylon, Theodore Nicholas. Effects of ballistic impact damage on fatigue crack initiation in Ti-6A1-4V simulated engine blades. Materials Science and Engineering A325 (2002) 465-477
[80]P Duo', J Liu, D Dini. Evaluation and analysis of residual stresses due to foreign object damage. Mechanics of Materials,2007,(39):199-211
[81]Xi Chen,John W.Hutchinson,Particle impact on metal substrates with application to foreign object damage to aircraft engines.Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids,50(12),2002.12:2669～2690
[82]Boyce B L, Chen X, Peters J O, Hutchinson J W and Ritchie R O, Mechanical relaxation of localized residual stresses associated with foreign object damage. Materials Science and Engineering A,349(1～2),2003.5:48～58
[83]Xi Chen,Foreign object damage on the leading edge of a thin blade.Mechanics of Materials,37(4),2005.4:447-457
[84]鲁启新,孙振德.外物打伤对叶片疲劳寿命及叶片允修容限的试验研究.第4届航空发动机结构强度振动专业学术会议论文集.南京,1987
[85]康继东,陈士煊,徐志怀.压气机叶片受外物损伤的剩余振动疲劳寿命.航空动力学报,1998,13(3)：330-352
[86]康继东,陈士煊,徐志怀.压气机叶片外物损伤模拟的撞击能量当量法.南京航空航天大学学报,1998,30(6)：611-615
[87]周胜田,罗荣梅,黄宝宗.转子叶片的外物损伤及疲劳寿命试验研究.辽宁工程技术大学学报,2007,26(30)：357-359
[88]乔文肖,熊昌炳.航空发动机外物损伤试验技术研究.航空动力学报,1990,5(3)：227-228
[89]于亚彬,陈伟.风机叶片外物损伤的模拟与分析.风机技术,2005(4)：8-10
[90]郑光华,赵长占.压气机叶片高低周复合疲劳的裂纹扩展研究,北京航空航天大学学报,1996,22(1)：33-38.
[91]Howard Banilower,Bird ingestion into large turbofan engines,National Technical Information Service,1992
[92]Howard Banilower,Bird ingestion into large turbofan engines,National Technical Information Service,1995
[93]Airoldi A, Cacchione B. Modelling of impact forces and pressures in Lagrangian bird strike analyses.International Journal of Impact Engineering,2006,(32):1651-1677
[94]McCallum S C, Constantinou C. The influence of bird shape in bird strike analysis,5~(th) European LS-DYNA users conference,2005
[95]Roder O, Thompson A W, Ritchie R O, Simulation of Foreign Object Damage of Ti-6A1-4V Gas-Turbine Blades, in Proceedings of the Third National Turbine Engine High Cycle Fatigue Conference, W. A. Stange and J. Henderson, eds., Universal Technology Corp., Dayton,1998,10:6-12
[96]Ruschau J J, Nicholas T, Thompson S R. Influence of foreign object damage (FOD) on the fatigue life of simulated Ti-6A1-4V airfoils.International Journal of Impact Engineering,2001,25 (3):233-250.
[97]刘军,李玉龙,刘元镛.基于SPH方法的叶片鸟撞数值模拟研究.振动与冲击,2008,27(9)：18-39
[98]陈伟,温卫东,高德平.不同应变率下叶片的瞬态响应分析.南京航空航天大学学报,1998,30(1)：96-98
[99]P Duo, D Nowell, J Schofield. Assessment of foreign object damage in aero engine blades,9~(th) National turbine engine HCF conference,2004
[100]陈矛章.风扇／压气机技术发展和对今后工作的建议.航空动力学报,2002,17(1)：1-15
[101]梁春华.现代典型军民用涡扇发动机的先进技术.航空科学技术.2004：20-24
[102]黄春峰.航空发动机整体叶盘结构及发展趋势.MC现代零部件,2005
[103]梁春华.国外风扇／压气机掠形叶片技术的发展.航空发动机,2000：48-51
[104]陈葆实,胡国荣,等.高马赫数高负荷单级风扇设计和试验研究.航空发动机,2000：28-35
[105]刚铁.宽弦空心风扇叶片结构设计及强度分析研究.南京航空航天大学硕士论文,2005
[106]John C Lambert. Composite blade design for bird strikes using MSC/DYTRAN,1995
[107]魏雪霞,李广利.沙粒对飞机发动机叶片的冲击碰撞.北京理工大学学报,2005,25(6)：471-474
[108]Francis C Moon.Theoretical analysis of impact in composite plates. NASA CR-121110,1996
[109]罗荣梅.叶片外物冲击损伤及其对疲劳寿命的影响.东北大学硕士学位论文,2006
[110]蒋向华,王延荣.采用流固耦合方法的整级叶片鸟撞击数值模拟.航空动力学报,2008,23(2)：299-304
[111]E V Morozov, S A Sylantiev, E G Evseev. Impact damage tolerance of laminated composite helicopter blades. Composite Structures,2003, (62):367-371
[112]陈伟,宋迎东,尹晶.离心载荷作用下平板叶片鸟撞击响应计算.航空动力学报,1997,12(2)：122-125
[113]侯满义,李曙林.应力条件下的飞机结构撞击损伤问题研究.航空科学技术,2006
[114]Yoshida H, Nakashima T, Yoshida M, etal. Shimamori toru experiment on foreign object damage of gas turbinegrade silicon nit ride ceramic. American Society of Mechanical Engineers (Paper),nGT,98-GT-399,1998
[115]美国的航空涡轮喷气和风扇发动机通用规范(MIL-E-5007D)
[116]我国军用标准航空涡轮喷气和风扇发动机通用规范(GJB241-87)
[117]Horsley J. The rolls Royce way of validating fan integrity.AIAA93-2602,1993
[118]Michael Kim, Mehdi Vahdati, Mehmet Imregun. Aeroelastic stability analysis of a bird-damaged aeroengine fan assembly, Aerosp.Sci.Technol,2001:469-482
[119]王礼立.爆炸与冲击载荷下结构和材料动态响应研究的新进展.爆炸与冲击,2001,21(2)：81-88
[120]Janine C Birkbeck. Effects of FOD on the fatigue crack initiation of ballistically impacted Ti-6A1-4V simulated engine blades. Dayton:University of Dayton,2002
[121]S Y Oakley, D No well. Prediction of the combined high and low cycle fatigue performance of gas turbine blades after foreign object damage. International Journal of Fatigue,2006
[122]Boyce B L, Chen X, Hutchinson J W, etal. The residual stress state due to a spherical hard body impact. Mechanics of materials,2001:441-454
[123]Peters J O, Boyce B L, Chen X, McNaney J M, etal. On the application of the Kitagawa-Takahashi diagram to foreign-object damage and high-cycle fatigue, Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2002:1425-1446
[124]Xi Chen. Foreign object damage and fatigue cracking. Harvard University,2001
[125]黄志勇,陈伟,赵海欧,等.评定叶片鸟撞击损伤的参数与方法.航空发动机,2005,31(1)：28-30
[126]Seung Min Jang, Tadaharu Adachi, Akihiko Yamaji. Comparing damage in CFRP laminates due to soft body and hard body impacts. Materials science reseach intermational,2002,8(3):151-155
[127]赵华新.基于应力波理论和侵彻理论的强夯法机理分析.东南大学.硕士学位论文,2006
[128]胡永祥.激光冲击处理工艺过程数值建模与冲击效应研究.上海交通大学.博士学位论文,2008
[129]王礼立.应力波基础.北京：国防工业出版,1985
[130]阿肯巴赫.弹性固体中波的传播.上海：同济大学出版社,1992
[131]张守宝.冲击采煤的应力波传播分析及研究.太原理工大学.硕士学位论文,2002
[132]马晓青,韩峰.高速碰撞动力学.北京：国防工业出版社,1998
[133]周南,乔登江.脉冲束辐照材料动力学.北京：国防工业出版社.2002.
[134]P. Duo', J. Liu, D. Dini, etal. Evaluation and analysis of residual stresses due to foreign object damage. Mechanics of Materials 2007,39:199-211
[135]Hallquist J O.LS-dyna keyword user's manual v970. Livermore Software Technology Corporation, California,2003
[136]李艳敏.复杂结构的冲击动力学分析与仿真.西北工业大学.硕士学位论文,2005
[137]Hallquist J O.LS-DYNA theory manual.Livermore Software Technology Corporation, California,2006:594-596
[138]陈钢.高速弹丸冲击下油箱动态响应的数值模拟.西北工业大学.硕士学位论文,2005
[139]ANSYS/LS-DYNA算法基础和使用方法.北京理工大学ANSYS/LS-DYNA中国技术支持中心,1999
[140]叶镇,邹志刚.接触撞击分析有限元法初探.民用飞机设计与研究,2002
[141]王军.粒子分离器涡形叶片金属块撞击试验与数值模拟.南京航空航天大学.硕士学位论文,2006
[142]姜河蓉.船和桥墩防撞装置仿真模拟研究.武汉理工大学.硕士学位论文,2004
[143]王勖成,邵敏.有限单元法基本原理和数值方法.北京：清华大学出版社,1997
[144]白金泽.基于神经网络方法的鸟撞飞机风挡反问题研究.西北工业大学.博士学位论文,2003
[145]尹晶,李清红.不同的力-时间函数及初始冲击压力对叶片响应的影响.南京航空学院学报,1992,24(1)：107-111
[146]尹晶.鸟撞击的载荷因素对叶片响应的影响.航空动力学报1992,7(1)：51-54
[147]尹晶等.叶片非线性瞬态响应计算方法与参数选择.南京航空航天大学学报,1995,27(4)：571-575
[148]Fu-JunWanga, Li-PingWanga, Jian-Gang Chengb, etal. Contact force algorithm in explicit transient analysis using finite-element method.Finite Elements in Analysis and Design,2007,43:580-587
[149]王福军.冲击接触问题有限元法并行计算及其工程应用.清华大学.博士学位论文,2000
[150]Belytschko T.Contact-Impact.Northwestern University,1998
[151]雷正保.大变形结构的耐撞性.中南大学.博士学位论文,2004
[152]王峰.有限元及其在高速碰撞中的应用.中国科学技术大学.博士学位论文,2007
[153]Martin W Heinstein, Frank J Mello, Stephen W Attaway a, etal.Contact-impact modeling in explicit transient dynamics.Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg,2000,187:621-640
[154]Ulven C,Vaida U K,Hosur M V.Effect of projectile shape during ballistic perforation of VARTM carbon/epoxy composite panels. Composite Structures,2003,6:143-150
[155]张伟,马文来,管公顺,等.非弹丸超高速撞击航天器防护结构数值模拟.爆炸与冲击,2007,27(3)：240-245
[156]马文来,张伟,管公顺,等.椭球弹丸超高速撞击防护屏碎片云数值模拟.材料科学与工艺,2005,13(3)：294-298
[157]Chen J K, Medina D F.The effects of projectile shape on laminated composite perforation.Composite Science and Technology,1998,58:1629-1639
[158]Ramkumar RL,Thakar YR.Dynamic Response of Curved Laminated Plates Subjected to Low Velocity Impact. Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, Vol.109, Jan 1987, pp.67-71.
[159]Damodar R Ambur,James H Starnes. Nonlinear response and damage initiation characteristics of curved composite plates subjected to low speed impact 97; AIAA-97-1058
[160]Damodar R Ambur,James H Starnes.The influence of impactor and target parameters on the nonlinear response and residual strength of curved thin composite, AIAA Journal 2000-1591, A00-25741
[161]Laura S Kistler,Anthony M Waas.On the response of curved laminated panels subjected to transverse impact loads. International Journal of Solids and Structures 1999,36:1311-1327
[162]H Pan, P M Render. Effects of target curvature on the impact characteristics of simulated hailstones.Proc Instn Mech Engrs,Vol 211 Part G,1997
[163]David Scott Stargel.Experimental and numerical investigation into the effects of panel curvature on the high velocity ballistic impact response of aluminum and composite panels. PhD Dissertation. University of Maryland,2005
[164]韩强,黄小清,宁建国.高等板壳理论.北京：科学出版社,2002
[165]Tadaharu Adachi, Satoshi Yamamura, Masahiro Arai, etal, Approximated evaluation of load history by soft body impact. The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers,1999, 65:1615-1621
[166]Jenq S T, Hsiao F B, Lin I C, et al. Simulation of a rigid plate hit by a cylindrical hemi-spherical tip-ended soft impactor. Computational materials science,2007,39:518-526
[167]林玉亮,卢芳云,卢力.高应变率下硅橡胶的本构行为研究.高压物理学报,2007,21(3)：289-294
[168]岳建军,刘土光,肖文勇等.受横向撞击弹性板的动力响应分析.舰船科学技术,2005,27(2)：27-32
[169]Brice N Cassenti. Hugoniot pressure loading in soft body impacts.Analytical engineer,AIAA(79-0782),1979:241-248
[170]Robert S.Bertke,John P.Barber. Impact damage on Titanium leading edges from soft body objects.University of Dayton Research Institute,1976
[171]Johnson, Martin Holzapfel. Modelling soft body impact on composite structures. Composite Structures,2003,61:103-113
[172]Xiafan Hou,Werner Goldsmith. Projectile perforation of moving plates:experimental investigation. Int.J.Impact Engineering,1996,18(7-8):859-875
[173]Werner Goldsmith. Non-ideal projectile impact on targets. International Journal of Impact Engineering,1999;22:95-395
[174]M.Lee.A numerical comparison of the ballistic performance of unitary rod and segmented-rods against stationary and moving oblique plates.International Journal of Impact Engineering,2001,26:399-407
[175]E.Lide'n,B.Johansson,B.Lundberg.Effect of thin oblique moving plates on long rod projectiles:A reverse impact study.International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2006,32:1696-1720
[176]Colombo D, Giglio M.Numerical analysis of thin-walled shaft perforation by projectile. Computers and Structures,2007,85:1264-1280
[177]Pan H, Render P M.The influence of target rotation on impact characteristics of simulated hailstones,95,AIAA-95-3038
[178]Resnyansky A D, The impact response of composite materials involved in helicopter vulnerability assessment:Literature review part-2,Australia:Weapons systems division defence science and technology organisation,DSTO-TR-1842 Part 2,2006
[179]Sheng-Tsong Chiu, Yie-Yih Liou, Yuan-Chang Chang, etal. Low velocity impact behavior of prestressed composite laminates. Materials chemistry and physics,1997, 47:268-272
[180]Timothy J Holmquist, Gordon R Johnson.Modeling prestressed ceramic and its effect on ballistic performace. International journal of impact engineering,2005,31:113-127
[181]Mikkor K M, Thomson R S, Herszberg I. Finite element modeling of impact on preloaded composite panels.Composite structures,2006,75:501-513
[182]Rajeev Jain, Ramachandra K, Simha K R Y. Impact on spinning discs. International Journal of Impact Engineering 2004,30:1111-1129
[183]Karmakar Amit, Sinha P K. Impact induced dynamic failure of laminated composite pretwisted rotating plates.Aircaft Engineering and Aerospace Technology:An International Journal,2000,72(2):142-155
[184]倪向贵,邵鹏飞,王宇等.动力松弛法在板料成形过程数值模拟中的应用.计算力学学报,2001,3(18)：345-348
[185]Kezhun Li,Werner Goldsmith.An analytical model for tumbing projectile perforation of thin aluminum plates. Impact Engineering,1995,18(1):45-63
[186]Weidong Song, Jianguo Ning, Jing Wang. Normal impact of truncated oval-nosed projectiles on stiffened plates. International Journal of Impact Engineering,2007
[187]Francis C Moon, Kang C K. Analysis of edge impact stresses in composite plates.NASA CR-134720,1974
[188]Wang Li Lih.Unloading waves and unloading failures in structures under impact loading.International Journal of Impact engineering,2004,30:889-900
[189]Abumeri G H,Reddy E S.Dynamic analysis of a pre-and-post ice impacted blade.AIAA 92-4273,1992
[190]Donald R Lesuer. Experimental investigations of material models for Ti-6A1-4V titanium and 2024-T3 aluminum.DOT/FAA/AR-00/25,2000
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |