海南岛中生代两期构造伸展作用的岩浆记录及其大陆动力学意义
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摘要
海南岛位于欧亚板块、印度-澳大利亚板块及菲律宾板块的交汇处,亦是古特提斯构造域与太平洋构造域叠置区,由于其独特的大地构造位置,无疑是联系和理解印支半岛和华南陆块构造演化的关键地区。由于中生代基性岩在海南岛出露少,因此对三叠纪-白垩纪的基性岩的研究程度非常薄弱。本文在野外地质调研的基础上,通过岩石学、岩相学、元素地球化学、同位素地球化学及LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年等研究方法,对海南岛早中生代和晚中生代的侵入岩体及岩墙群的岩石特征、成岩时代、构造背景及源区性质进行了详细的研究,并据此探讨了海南岛中生代岩浆作用的大陆动力学意义,重点剖析了古特提斯洋在海南岛的东延和晚中生代以来的中国东南部的大陆动力学背景。本次研究主要取得以下几点认识：
(1)通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和岩石学特征分析,认为海南岛中生代时期存在两期与伸展作用有关的岩浆事件。第一期岩浆作用形成于240～230Ma,其代表性的岩浆岩主要有：兴隆辉绿岩-花岗岩双峰式侵入岩、万宁辉长岩及辉绿岩脉、分界洲正长岩；第二期岩浆作用形成于100～90Ma,其代表性的岩浆岩主要有：文市、三亚、叉河三地的基性岩墙群,千家岩体、屯昌岩体和保城岩体的花岗岩及其闪长质包体。
(2)早中生代的基性岩都属于碱性系列,具有富集LREE、LILE (K, Rb, Ba,Th)和Ce,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti,部分还亏损Zr、Hf的岛弧型地球化学特征；早中生代的花岗岩和正长岩都显示出A型花岗岩的特征。Sr-Nd同位素组成显示源区具亏损地幔和EMⅡ地幔混合的特征。通过对微量元素的分析表明,早中生代的岩浆岩形成于造山后伸展的构造环境,其源区可能受到了俯冲流体交代作用的影响。岩石的形成机制可能为玄武质岩浆的底侵作用。
(3)晚中生代岩浆岩属于弱碱性或亚碱性系列,具有明显富集LREE、LILE (Sr、K、Rb、Ba、Th)和Ce,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf和Ti的特征。Sr-Nd同位素分析显示其源区具有亏损地幔和EMⅡ型地幔混合的特征。通过对微量元素的分析表明,晚中生代岩浆岩形成于板内拉张的构造环境。基性岩墙群可能来源于石榴石相地幔的部分熔融,且地幔源区曾受到俯冲流体的交代作用,在拉张的构造环境中,岩浆迅速上升冷却形成；侵入岩体是由来自地幔的高温基性岩浆注入下地壳较酸性的长英质岩浆并经历了岩浆混合作用形成的。
(4)对比分析前人对海南岛及其邻区的早中生代岩浆作用及构造演化的研究结果,认为海南岛240～230Ma的岩浆作用与华南板块和印支板块碰撞引发的印支运动有关。东古特提斯洋在二叠纪末—三叠纪初的闭合导致海南岛的三亚块体和琼中块体沿九所-陵水断裂碰撞拼合,240～230Ma为印支造山的应力松弛阶段,形成了一系列造山后碱性岩浆岩。海南岛早中生代的构造演化受特提斯构造域的控制。
(5)对比分析前人在东南沿海开展的晚中生代岩浆作用的研究成果,认为海南岛100～90Ma的岩浆作用与太平洋板块俯冲后撤引起的弧后拉张作用有关。海南岛90Ma左右的岩墙群与广东、福建同时代的岩墙群构成中国东南沿海90Ma广泛发育的、呈近北北东向展布的岩墙群带,它们具有相同成因机制,指示中国东南部在90Ma左右时经历了强烈区域性拉张作用。中国东南部在100～90Ma处于太平洋板块后撤引起的弧后拉张阶段。
The Hainan Island is located at the convergence of Eurasian plate, India-Australian plate and the Philippine plate, it is also the overlap between Paleo-Tethys tectonic domain and Pacific tectonic domain. Because of its unique geotectonic position, it is important to study the Hainan Island for understanding the structural evolution of Indo-China peninsula and continental segment of south China undoubtedly. As the Mesozoic mafic intrusive rocks in Hainan Island are less exposed, therefore, the research on Triassic Cretaceous basic rocks is very little. Based on the field geological survey, through petrology, petrography, geochemistry, isotope geochemistry and LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating methods, a more systematic study of the Hainan Island include Early Mesozoic magmatic rocks and the late Mesozoic mafic intrusive rocks and dyke swarms was done in this paper. The petrogenesis, nature of source, forming time and tectonic background of the rocks were studied in detail, and then the continental dynamics implications of the Mesozoic magmatism were dicussed, mainly on the Paleo-Tethys Ocean extending to Hainan Island and the Late Mesozoic background of continental dynamics of southeastern China.
The conclusions are as follows:
(1) LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating results and rock characteristics show that two stages of magmatism related with extension were devoleped during Mesozoic in Hainan Island. The first stage magmatism formed in the 240～230Ma, the representative rocks were:Xinglong bimodal intrusive rocks, Wanning gabbro and diabase veins, Fenjiezhou syenite. The second stage magmatism formed in 100～90Ma, the representive rocks were:Wenshi, Sanya, Chahe mafic dykes and granodiorite and its dioritic bodies of Qianjia rock, Tunchang rock and Baoting rock.
(2) The early Mesozoic basic rocks belong to alkaline series, and are enriched in LREE, LILE (K, Rb, Ba, Th) and Ce, depleted in high field strength elements Nb, Ta,Ti, some further lock of Zr, Hf. The granite and syenite of early Mesozoic both show the characteristic of A-type granite. Sr-Nd isotope analysis showed that the source of the early Mesozoic magmatic rocks were mixed by depleted mantle and EMⅡ-type mantle. The early Mesozoic rocks from Hainan Island were formed in post-collison intraplate extension setting, and there source were influenced by dive liquid replacement. The formation mechanism of the rocks might be underplating of basaltic magma.
(3) The late Mesozoic rocks belongs to weak alkaline or subalkaline series, show significant enrichment of LREE and LILE (Sr, K, Rb, Ba, Th) and Ce, deplet in high field strength elements Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf and Ti. Sr-Nd isotope analysis showed that the source area were mixed by depleted mantle and EMⅡ-type mantle. The late Mesozoic rocks were formed in an intraplate entensional tectonic envirornment, Mafic dyke swarm might be derived from partial melting of mantle garnet phase, and the mantle source has been inflenced by the subduction fluid, the magma increased rapidly in the extensional tectonic environment to form mafic dykes. The intrusive rocks were formed by high temperature mafic magma from mantle inject into the more acidic magma from lower crust, and experienced magma mixing.
(4) Comparative analysis the predecessors study on magmatism and tectonic evolution of Hainan Island and its adjacent areas in the early Mesozoic, we concluded that the 240-230Ma magmatism in Hainan Islang were raleted with the collison of South China and Indo-China plate, The closure of Eastern Paleo-Tethys Ocean in the late Permian-early Triassic led to Sanya block and Qiongzhong block collided along the jiusuo-lingshuii fracture.240-230Ma may be the the extension phase after the collision, The tectonic evolution characteristic of Hainan Island in early Mesozoic controlled by the Tethyan tectonic domain.
(5) Comparative analysis the predecessors study on late Mesozoic magmatism in the southeast coast, we concluded that the 100-90Ma magmatism in Hainan Island were related with the arc extension caused by the retreatment of pacific plate subduction. The dike swarms from Hainan Island at about 90Ma and the coevality dikes from Guangdong, Fujian province constitute dikes strip which is NNE orientated at about 90Ma of SE China, and they have the same cause of formation, show that it was at strong lithosphere extension stage at about 90Ma. The SE was in the arc extensional phase caused by retreatment of pacific plate.
(1)通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和岩石学特征分析,认为海南岛中生代时期存在两期与伸展作用有关的岩浆事件。第一期岩浆作用形成于240～230Ma,其代表性的岩浆岩主要有：兴隆辉绿岩-花岗岩双峰式侵入岩、万宁辉长岩及辉绿岩脉、分界洲正长岩；第二期岩浆作用形成于100～90Ma,其代表性的岩浆岩主要有：文市、三亚、叉河三地的基性岩墙群,千家岩体、屯昌岩体和保城岩体的花岗岩及其闪长质包体。
(2)早中生代的基性岩都属于碱性系列,具有富集LREE、LILE (K, Rb, Ba,Th)和Ce,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti,部分还亏损Zr、Hf的岛弧型地球化学特征；早中生代的花岗岩和正长岩都显示出A型花岗岩的特征。Sr-Nd同位素组成显示源区具亏损地幔和EMⅡ地幔混合的特征。通过对微量元素的分析表明,早中生代的岩浆岩形成于造山后伸展的构造环境,其源区可能受到了俯冲流体交代作用的影响。岩石的形成机制可能为玄武质岩浆的底侵作用。
(3)晚中生代岩浆岩属于弱碱性或亚碱性系列,具有明显富集LREE、LILE (Sr、K、Rb、Ba、Th)和Ce,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf和Ti的特征。Sr-Nd同位素分析显示其源区具有亏损地幔和EMⅡ型地幔混合的特征。通过对微量元素的分析表明,晚中生代岩浆岩形成于板内拉张的构造环境。基性岩墙群可能来源于石榴石相地幔的部分熔融,且地幔源区曾受到俯冲流体的交代作用,在拉张的构造环境中,岩浆迅速上升冷却形成；侵入岩体是由来自地幔的高温基性岩浆注入下地壳较酸性的长英质岩浆并经历了岩浆混合作用形成的。
(4)对比分析前人对海南岛及其邻区的早中生代岩浆作用及构造演化的研究结果,认为海南岛240～230Ma的岩浆作用与华南板块和印支板块碰撞引发的印支运动有关。东古特提斯洋在二叠纪末—三叠纪初的闭合导致海南岛的三亚块体和琼中块体沿九所-陵水断裂碰撞拼合,240～230Ma为印支造山的应力松弛阶段,形成了一系列造山后碱性岩浆岩。海南岛早中生代的构造演化受特提斯构造域的控制。
(5)对比分析前人在东南沿海开展的晚中生代岩浆作用的研究成果,认为海南岛100～90Ma的岩浆作用与太平洋板块俯冲后撤引起的弧后拉张作用有关。海南岛90Ma左右的岩墙群与广东、福建同时代的岩墙群构成中国东南沿海90Ma广泛发育的、呈近北北东向展布的岩墙群带,它们具有相同成因机制,指示中国东南部在90Ma左右时经历了强烈区域性拉张作用。中国东南部在100～90Ma处于太平洋板块后撤引起的弧后拉张阶段。
The Hainan Island is located at the convergence of Eurasian plate, India-Australian plate and the Philippine plate, it is also the overlap between Paleo-Tethys tectonic domain and Pacific tectonic domain. Because of its unique geotectonic position, it is important to study the Hainan Island for understanding the structural evolution of Indo-China peninsula and continental segment of south China undoubtedly. As the Mesozoic mafic intrusive rocks in Hainan Island are less exposed, therefore, the research on Triassic Cretaceous basic rocks is very little. Based on the field geological survey, through petrology, petrography, geochemistry, isotope geochemistry and LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating methods, a more systematic study of the Hainan Island include Early Mesozoic magmatic rocks and the late Mesozoic mafic intrusive rocks and dyke swarms was done in this paper. The petrogenesis, nature of source, forming time and tectonic background of the rocks were studied in detail, and then the continental dynamics implications of the Mesozoic magmatism were dicussed, mainly on the Paleo-Tethys Ocean extending to Hainan Island and the Late Mesozoic background of continental dynamics of southeastern China.
The conclusions are as follows:
(1) LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating results and rock characteristics show that two stages of magmatism related with extension were devoleped during Mesozoic in Hainan Island. The first stage magmatism formed in the 240～230Ma, the representative rocks were:Xinglong bimodal intrusive rocks, Wanning gabbro and diabase veins, Fenjiezhou syenite. The second stage magmatism formed in 100～90Ma, the representive rocks were:Wenshi, Sanya, Chahe mafic dykes and granodiorite and its dioritic bodies of Qianjia rock, Tunchang rock and Baoting rock.
(2) The early Mesozoic basic rocks belong to alkaline series, and are enriched in LREE, LILE (K, Rb, Ba, Th) and Ce, depleted in high field strength elements Nb, Ta,Ti, some further lock of Zr, Hf. The granite and syenite of early Mesozoic both show the characteristic of A-type granite. Sr-Nd isotope analysis showed that the source of the early Mesozoic magmatic rocks were mixed by depleted mantle and EMⅡ-type mantle. The early Mesozoic rocks from Hainan Island were formed in post-collison intraplate extension setting, and there source were influenced by dive liquid replacement. The formation mechanism of the rocks might be underplating of basaltic magma.
(3) The late Mesozoic rocks belongs to weak alkaline or subalkaline series, show significant enrichment of LREE and LILE (Sr, K, Rb, Ba, Th) and Ce, deplet in high field strength elements Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf and Ti. Sr-Nd isotope analysis showed that the source area were mixed by depleted mantle and EMⅡ-type mantle. The late Mesozoic rocks were formed in an intraplate entensional tectonic envirornment, Mafic dyke swarm might be derived from partial melting of mantle garnet phase, and the mantle source has been inflenced by the subduction fluid, the magma increased rapidly in the extensional tectonic environment to form mafic dykes. The intrusive rocks were formed by high temperature mafic magma from mantle inject into the more acidic magma from lower crust, and experienced magma mixing.
(4) Comparative analysis the predecessors study on magmatism and tectonic evolution of Hainan Island and its adjacent areas in the early Mesozoic, we concluded that the 240-230Ma magmatism in Hainan Islang were raleted with the collison of South China and Indo-China plate, The closure of Eastern Paleo-Tethys Ocean in the late Permian-early Triassic led to Sanya block and Qiongzhong block collided along the jiusuo-lingshuii fracture.240-230Ma may be the the extension phase after the collision, The tectonic evolution characteristic of Hainan Island in early Mesozoic controlled by the Tethyan tectonic domain.
(5) Comparative analysis the predecessors study on late Mesozoic magmatism in the southeast coast, we concluded that the 100-90Ma magmatism in Hainan Island were related with the arc extension caused by the retreatment of pacific plate subduction. The dike swarms from Hainan Island at about 90Ma and the coevality dikes from Guangdong, Fujian province constitute dikes strip which is NNE orientated at about 90Ma of SE China, and they have the same cause of formation, show that it was at strong lithosphere extension stage at about 90Ma. The SE was in the arc extensional phase caused by retreatment of pacific plate.
引文
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