新型光纤激光器与高灵敏度光纤振动传感器研究
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摘要
光纤激光器是近年来快速发展的一个热点研究领域,在光纤通信、激光加工和光纤传感等方面拥有越来越广泛的应用。在激光加工领域,由于掺镱光纤激光器高输出功率和光束质量的特性,使其成为激光工业加工领域的优质光源正在得到普及应用。在光纤传感领域,光纤激光器的窄线宽输出特性使其成为光纤传感系统中不可多得的激光光源,能极大地提高光纤传感系统特别是涉及光纤布喇格光栅传感系统的测量灵敏度,为微振动和微应力传感场合提供解决方案。
本文主要对掺铒环形光纤激光器的波长调谐输出特性和掺镱环形光纤激光器的波长调谐方式做了深入的实验研究,并制作由保偏光纤光栅作为输出镜的线性短腔单频掺铒光纤激光器,同时搭建了由光纤布喇格光栅法布里-玻罗腔(FP)和分布反馈式(DFB)半导体激光器组成的振动传感系统。论文主要工作内容归纳如下:
首先,将光纤FP滤波器作为波长调谐器件搭建了可调谐环形掺铒光纤激光器,采用掺杂浓度为500ppm的掺铒增益光纤作为环形光纤激光器的增益介质,并相应地构建了光纤FP滤波器的波长调谐驱动电路。本文实验研究了环形掺铒光纤激光器的可调谐输出特性,包括激光的输出功率、输出线宽和波长可调谐范围等等,同时对高浓度掺铒光纤激光器的输出特性进行了实验研究,采用8000ppm高浓度掺铒增益光纤代替500ppm浓度掺铒光纤作为环形光纤激光器的增益介质,获得了从1513nm到1614nm覆盖C+L波段的激光宽调谐范围输出。文中也对掺镱光纤激光器的波长调谐方式进行了实验研究,提出以马赫-泽德干涉仪作为波长调谐器件的环形掺镱光纤激光器波长调谐方法,通过微调马赫-泽德干涉仪两光纤臂的长度之差来改变选择性透过的波长,实现了掺镱光纤激光器在1μm波段20nm以上的波长调谐范围。
其次,线性短腔单频光纤激光器具有单频率和极窄线宽输出优点,是光纤布喇格光栅传感系统中不可多得的优质光源。由于线性短腔光纤激光器尺寸非常小,因此容易实现激光器工作温度控制,获得稳定和可调谐的激光波长输出。实验中采用保偏光纤刻写的光纤布喇格光栅作为光纤激光器的输出镜,制作了由高浓度掺杂铒增益光纤和光纤布喇格光栅组成的线性短腔掺铒光纤激光器,它在实验室环境下获得了小于3pm的稳定波长输出。
最后,通过在载氢后的普通光纤上刻写两个反射峰波长位置相同的光纤光栅制成了光纤法布里-玻罗腔,并根据Pound-Drever-Hall(PDH)锁频原理搭建了由光纤法布里-玻罗腔和DFB半导体激光器组成的光纤光栅传感系统,制作了相应的驱动电路实现对半导体激光器的波长调谐输出和激光频率锁定控制。实验测试结果显示此光纤光栅传感系统对800Hz到6kHz振动频率传感性能优良,获得了大于20dB信噪比。为了分析传感系统的测量灵敏度,文中对激光器线宽引起系统噪声进行了分析,指出使用线性短腔单频掺铒光纤激光器作为探测光源时可望进一步改善现有光纤光栅传感系统的探测灵敏度。
In the past decades,fiber lasers have been rapidly developed and applied in vast areas such as optics communication,laser beam machining and fiber-optic sensing. Due to high power output and high beam quality of ytterbium-doped fiber laser,fiber lasers are getting more popular in laser beam machining applications as light source. Also,with the advantage of narrow line-width output,fiber lasers have become the essential light sources in fiber-optic sensing systems.They significantly increase the sensitivity of the fiber sensor,especially in the fiber Bragg grating sensing systems which provide lots of solutions to micro-strain and vibration sensing application.
In thesis,experimental researches devoted to erbium-doped fiber laser and ytterbium-doped fiber ring lasers were carried out.A short-cavity fiber laser utilizing a fiber Bragg grating inscribed into a piece of polarization-maintaining optical fiber as the output coupler was successfully developed too.The laser output performance was investigated for its wavelength stability.Also,fiber-optic sensing system constructed with fiber Bragg grating and distributed feedback semiconductor laser was developed.The main works are listed as follows:
First,a compact erbium-doped ring-shaped fiber laser has been developed by utilizing a tunable fiber Fabry-Perot filter as the tuning element.The performance of the ring-shaped fiber laser configured with a piece of 500ppm concentration erbium-doped fiber was investigated for its power output,line-width and wavelength tunability.Moreover,the performance of the ring-shaped fiber laser configured with a piece of 8000ppm high-concentration erbium-doped fiber was investigated for its larger wavelength tuning range from 1513nm to 1614nm coveting both C-band region and L-band region.Also,a ring-shaped all fiberized tunable ytterbium-doped fiber ring laser with tuning range over 20 nm has been developed by using a fiber Mach-Zenhder interferometer as an intra-cavity filter.Its wavelength tuning was achieved by changing the optical length difference between two interferometer arms.
Second,single-frequency linear short-cavity fiber laser features the advantage of narrow line-width output,and thus can be an essential laser source in fiber Bragg grating sensing systems.The precise temperature control over linear cavity can be easily achieved to obtain stable and tunable laser frequency output.In our experiments,a single frequency linear short-cavity fiber laser utilizing a piece of high concentration erbium-doped fiber was obtained.The fiber laser utilized a fiber Bragg grating inscribed into a piece of polarization-maintaining optical fiber as the output coupler to ensure stable single frequency laser output.Laser frequency stability was measured to be less than 3pm over 10 minutes
At last,a fiber Fabry-Perot cavity was fabricated by inscribing two fiber Bragg gratings in hydrogen-loaded single mode fiber.A fiber Bragg grating sensing system based on PDH frequency locking scheme was fabricated using fiber Fabry-Perot cavity and distributed feedback semiconductor laser.The experimental results indicate that it has high vibration sensibility from 800Hz to 6kHz with 20dB signal-to-noise ratio.The limitation to system sensitivity induced by laser line-width was analyzed.The result showed that the sensitivity of fiber Bragg grating sensing system can be greatly improved by utilizing a single-frequency linear short-cavity erbium-doped fiber laser.
本文主要对掺铒环形光纤激光器的波长调谐输出特性和掺镱环形光纤激光器的波长调谐方式做了深入的实验研究,并制作由保偏光纤光栅作为输出镜的线性短腔单频掺铒光纤激光器,同时搭建了由光纤布喇格光栅法布里-玻罗腔(FP)和分布反馈式(DFB)半导体激光器组成的振动传感系统。论文主要工作内容归纳如下:
首先,将光纤FP滤波器作为波长调谐器件搭建了可调谐环形掺铒光纤激光器,采用掺杂浓度为500ppm的掺铒增益光纤作为环形光纤激光器的增益介质,并相应地构建了光纤FP滤波器的波长调谐驱动电路。本文实验研究了环形掺铒光纤激光器的可调谐输出特性,包括激光的输出功率、输出线宽和波长可调谐范围等等,同时对高浓度掺铒光纤激光器的输出特性进行了实验研究,采用8000ppm高浓度掺铒增益光纤代替500ppm浓度掺铒光纤作为环形光纤激光器的增益介质,获得了从1513nm到1614nm覆盖C+L波段的激光宽调谐范围输出。文中也对掺镱光纤激光器的波长调谐方式进行了实验研究,提出以马赫-泽德干涉仪作为波长调谐器件的环形掺镱光纤激光器波长调谐方法,通过微调马赫-泽德干涉仪两光纤臂的长度之差来改变选择性透过的波长,实现了掺镱光纤激光器在1μm波段20nm以上的波长调谐范围。
其次,线性短腔单频光纤激光器具有单频率和极窄线宽输出优点,是光纤布喇格光栅传感系统中不可多得的优质光源。由于线性短腔光纤激光器尺寸非常小,因此容易实现激光器工作温度控制,获得稳定和可调谐的激光波长输出。实验中采用保偏光纤刻写的光纤布喇格光栅作为光纤激光器的输出镜,制作了由高浓度掺杂铒增益光纤和光纤布喇格光栅组成的线性短腔掺铒光纤激光器,它在实验室环境下获得了小于3pm的稳定波长输出。
最后,通过在载氢后的普通光纤上刻写两个反射峰波长位置相同的光纤光栅制成了光纤法布里-玻罗腔,并根据Pound-Drever-Hall(PDH)锁频原理搭建了由光纤法布里-玻罗腔和DFB半导体激光器组成的光纤光栅传感系统,制作了相应的驱动电路实现对半导体激光器的波长调谐输出和激光频率锁定控制。实验测试结果显示此光纤光栅传感系统对800Hz到6kHz振动频率传感性能优良,获得了大于20dB信噪比。为了分析传感系统的测量灵敏度,文中对激光器线宽引起系统噪声进行了分析,指出使用线性短腔单频掺铒光纤激光器作为探测光源时可望进一步改善现有光纤光栅传感系统的探测灵敏度。
In the past decades,fiber lasers have been rapidly developed and applied in vast areas such as optics communication,laser beam machining and fiber-optic sensing. Due to high power output and high beam quality of ytterbium-doped fiber laser,fiber lasers are getting more popular in laser beam machining applications as light source. Also,with the advantage of narrow line-width output,fiber lasers have become the essential light sources in fiber-optic sensing systems.They significantly increase the sensitivity of the fiber sensor,especially in the fiber Bragg grating sensing systems which provide lots of solutions to micro-strain and vibration sensing application.
In thesis,experimental researches devoted to erbium-doped fiber laser and ytterbium-doped fiber ring lasers were carried out.A short-cavity fiber laser utilizing a fiber Bragg grating inscribed into a piece of polarization-maintaining optical fiber as the output coupler was successfully developed too.The laser output performance was investigated for its wavelength stability.Also,fiber-optic sensing system constructed with fiber Bragg grating and distributed feedback semiconductor laser was developed.The main works are listed as follows:
First,a compact erbium-doped ring-shaped fiber laser has been developed by utilizing a tunable fiber Fabry-Perot filter as the tuning element.The performance of the ring-shaped fiber laser configured with a piece of 500ppm concentration erbium-doped fiber was investigated for its power output,line-width and wavelength tunability.Moreover,the performance of the ring-shaped fiber laser configured with a piece of 8000ppm high-concentration erbium-doped fiber was investigated for its larger wavelength tuning range from 1513nm to 1614nm coveting both C-band region and L-band region.Also,a ring-shaped all fiberized tunable ytterbium-doped fiber ring laser with tuning range over 20 nm has been developed by using a fiber Mach-Zenhder interferometer as an intra-cavity filter.Its wavelength tuning was achieved by changing the optical length difference between two interferometer arms.
Second,single-frequency linear short-cavity fiber laser features the advantage of narrow line-width output,and thus can be an essential laser source in fiber Bragg grating sensing systems.The precise temperature control over linear cavity can be easily achieved to obtain stable and tunable laser frequency output.In our experiments,a single frequency linear short-cavity fiber laser utilizing a piece of high concentration erbium-doped fiber was obtained.The fiber laser utilized a fiber Bragg grating inscribed into a piece of polarization-maintaining optical fiber as the output coupler to ensure stable single frequency laser output.Laser frequency stability was measured to be less than 3pm over 10 minutes
At last,a fiber Fabry-Perot cavity was fabricated by inscribing two fiber Bragg gratings in hydrogen-loaded single mode fiber.A fiber Bragg grating sensing system based on PDH frequency locking scheme was fabricated using fiber Fabry-Perot cavity and distributed feedback semiconductor laser.The experimental results indicate that it has high vibration sensibility from 800Hz to 6kHz with 20dB signal-to-noise ratio.The limitation to system sensitivity induced by laser line-width was analyzed.The result showed that the sensitivity of fiber Bragg grating sensing system can be greatly improved by utilizing a single-frequency linear short-cavity erbium-doped fiber laser.
引文
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