断层场地对弹性波的散射
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摘要
断层广泛存在于地壳中,作为场地条件影响地震波的传播,研究断层对弹性波散射的影响对理论研究和工程应用均有十分重要的意义。本文将Wolf建立的土层和半空间精确动力刚度矩阵和斜线荷载格林函数用于间接边界元法,在频域内研究了含破碎带和不含破碎带的两种断层场地对弹性波的散射。
建立含破碎带断层的均匀场地模型,求解SH波、P波、SV波入射下的地表位移响应,并详细讨论影响场地反应的各因素,揭示了狭窄破碎带对弹性波散射的规律,发现破碎带很窄时,场地对弹性波仍可能产生很大的放大作用。
求解了含破碎带的层状场地对SH波、P波、SV波的散射,研究表明层状场地与均匀场地中,破碎带的散射效应有显著差别,土层与破碎带存在相互作用,该相互作用可以使破碎带附近产生很大的位移。
应用间接边界法求解了无破碎带断层(断层无限深)场地对SH波的散射。研究表明断层落差、断层两侧刚度比、断层倾角对散射有显著影响。若断层有落差,落差高度与波长相当时,地表位移较大。若断层无落差,其两侧刚度不同时,一般软端地表位移幅值较大,波从软端入射时尤其显著。
Faults are widely existed in crust. They effect the elastic wave scattering as site condition. The analysis of wave propagation by fault is important both in theory and engineering. Results of wave scattering by both fault with fracture and fault without fracture are present in frequency domain first time using IBEM,to which the dynamic stiffness matrix and Green function for distributed loads acting on inclined line founded by Wolf are applied.
Displacements of site with fracture zone by SH, P, SV waves are calculated. Analysis about how the factors effect the ground motion has been done, which reveals an important law about wave scattering by narrow fault. It is improved that even if fracture zone is very narrow, great amplifying action maybe happen.
SH, P, SV waves scattering by fault in layered site have been studied. There is remarkable difference between the response of layered site and homogeneous site with fracture. Layer-Fracture interaction can bring large displacements near fracture in layer site.
In addition, SH wave scattering by finite fault without fracture is analysed using IBEM. The Factors, such as drop height, stiffness ratio of two sides, dip angle, have great effect on wave scattering. As for the fault with drop,when drop height is equal to wavelength,there is bigger displacements than other drop height. As for the fault without drop,if stiffness of two sides is different, displacements on soft part maybe large generally. It’s especially obvious when waves come from soft part.
建立含破碎带断层的均匀场地模型,求解SH波、P波、SV波入射下的地表位移响应,并详细讨论影响场地反应的各因素,揭示了狭窄破碎带对弹性波散射的规律,发现破碎带很窄时,场地对弹性波仍可能产生很大的放大作用。
求解了含破碎带的层状场地对SH波、P波、SV波的散射,研究表明层状场地与均匀场地中,破碎带的散射效应有显著差别,土层与破碎带存在相互作用,该相互作用可以使破碎带附近产生很大的位移。
应用间接边界法求解了无破碎带断层(断层无限深)场地对SH波的散射。研究表明断层落差、断层两侧刚度比、断层倾角对散射有显著影响。若断层有落差,落差高度与波长相当时,地表位移较大。若断层无落差,其两侧刚度不同时,一般软端地表位移幅值较大,波从软端入射时尤其显著。
Faults are widely existed in crust. They effect the elastic wave scattering as site condition. The analysis of wave propagation by fault is important both in theory and engineering. Results of wave scattering by both fault with fracture and fault without fracture are present in frequency domain first time using IBEM,to which the dynamic stiffness matrix and Green function for distributed loads acting on inclined line founded by Wolf are applied.
Displacements of site with fracture zone by SH, P, SV waves are calculated. Analysis about how the factors effect the ground motion has been done, which reveals an important law about wave scattering by narrow fault. It is improved that even if fracture zone is very narrow, great amplifying action maybe happen.
SH, P, SV waves scattering by fault in layered site have been studied. There is remarkable difference between the response of layered site and homogeneous site with fracture. Layer-Fracture interaction can bring large displacements near fracture in layer site.
In addition, SH wave scattering by finite fault without fracture is analysed using IBEM. The Factors, such as drop height, stiffness ratio of two sides, dip angle, have great effect on wave scattering. As for the fault with drop,when drop height is equal to wavelength,there is bigger displacements than other drop height. As for the fault without drop,if stiffness of two sides is different, displacements on soft part maybe large generally. It’s especially obvious when waves come from soft part.
引文
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