粉煤灰高路堤填筑关键技术研究
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摘要
中国是世界上最大的生产和消耗煤炭资源的国家,每年的原煤产量占世界的25%,约为16亿吨,其中75%用作能源消耗,我国1/3的电力来自燃煤发电。燃煤发电在为国民经济发展提供大量能源的同时,也产生了大量粉煤灰等废弃物,目前我国燃煤电厂每年排放的粉煤灰已达1.8亿吨以上。粉煤灰的排放不仅造成严重的大气污染、土壤污染和水资源的污染,危害民众的健康,更重要的是占用大量土地资源,造成人地矛盾,引发了许多经济和社会问题。由此可见,对粉煤灰的处理和利用已成为我国面临的一个突出的社会和经济问题,加强对粉煤灰的综合利用研究刻不容缓,势在必行。本文依托贵州省科委攻关项目“遵毕高速公路粉煤灰纯灰路堤综合应用研究”,对遵毕高速公路沿线粉煤灰的材料性质和工程特性进行了研究,并对高填方粉煤灰纯灰路堤的稳定性进行了力学分析计算。
首先,总结了粉煤灰在公路工程中的多种应用,而将其用作路基填料是其中能够大量利用粉煤灰的措施之一,并阐述了目前国内外在这一领域的研究现状和最新成果。
其次,通过一系列室内试验对粉煤灰材料的微观结构,理化性质,各工程特性指标进行研究,分析了遵毕高速公路沿线粉煤灰的材料性质和工程特性。再次,建立高填方粉煤灰纯灰路堤模型,对其进行室内大型离心模型试验研究,以分析路基的沉降特性和边坡稳定性,并借助有限元的方法对相似模型进行分析,以期达到试验数据和理论分析结果能够相互印证。
最后,在前面试验研究和理论分析的基础上,提出了适用于遵毕高速公路的粉煤灰纯灰路堤的验算模式,稳定性评价标准,基本断面形式和排水系统的设计原则,从而总结出遵毕高速公路沿线粉煤灰纯灰路堤的施工原则,对以后进行这类路基的设计和施工有一定的借鉴意义。
China is the country which is the earth's biggest production and consumption of coal resources, the annual output of raw coal accounted for 25% of the world, about 1.6 billion tons, of which 75% used for energy consumption, 1/3 of electricity from coal-fired power generation in China. Coal-fired power generation for economic development to provide substantial energy, in the same time,it also generated a large number of fly ash waste, currently China's coal-fired power plant emissions of fly ash has reached more than 180 million tons each year. The emission of fly ash not only caused serious air pollution, soil pollution and water pollution, but also harm people's health, more importantly, it used up a lot of land resources, causing people to contradictions, triggered a lot of economic and social problems. It can be seen on the treatment and utilization of fly ash has become a prominent problems which face of the social and economic, the comprehensive utilization of fly ash to strengthen the research is imperative. This article relies on research projects in Guizhou Science and Technology Commission item:"Compliance completed highway embankment Fly ash comprehensive application of pure research in Zhunbi highway", give the stady of the compliance of the material properties and engineering characteristics, and high fill coal gray pure gray embankment stability analysis of the mechanical calculation.
First of all, summed up the fly ash in highway engineering in a variety of applications, it is one of measures which is one of subsrantial use of fly ash as roadbed filler,and describes the current domestic and international research in this area the status and the latest achievements.
Secondly, give a study through a series of tests on the microstructure, physical and chemical properties, engineering properties of fly ash material, analysis of the compliance to complete the highway along the fly ash material properties and engineering characteristics.
Third, set up high fill embankment of fly ash pure gray model, study to analyze the settlement of subgrade characteristics and slope stability by a large centrifuge model test, and with finite element method analysis of a similar model to achieve experimental data and theoretical results of the analysis can confirm each other.
Finally,based on conclusion of the pilot study and theoretical analysis, proposed checking mode,the stability of the evaluation criteria, the basic cross-section form and drainage system design principles of fly ash highway embankment in Zhunbi highway, thus summed up complete compliance of pure fly ash gray along the highway embankment construction principles,carry out such design and construction of roadbed have a certain degree of referential significance in the future.
首先,总结了粉煤灰在公路工程中的多种应用,而将其用作路基填料是其中能够大量利用粉煤灰的措施之一,并阐述了目前国内外在这一领域的研究现状和最新成果。
其次,通过一系列室内试验对粉煤灰材料的微观结构,理化性质,各工程特性指标进行研究,分析了遵毕高速公路沿线粉煤灰的材料性质和工程特性。再次,建立高填方粉煤灰纯灰路堤模型,对其进行室内大型离心模型试验研究,以分析路基的沉降特性和边坡稳定性,并借助有限元的方法对相似模型进行分析,以期达到试验数据和理论分析结果能够相互印证。
最后,在前面试验研究和理论分析的基础上,提出了适用于遵毕高速公路的粉煤灰纯灰路堤的验算模式,稳定性评价标准,基本断面形式和排水系统的设计原则,从而总结出遵毕高速公路沿线粉煤灰纯灰路堤的施工原则,对以后进行这类路基的设计和施工有一定的借鉴意义。
China is the country which is the earth's biggest production and consumption of coal resources, the annual output of raw coal accounted for 25% of the world, about 1.6 billion tons, of which 75% used for energy consumption, 1/3 of electricity from coal-fired power generation in China. Coal-fired power generation for economic development to provide substantial energy, in the same time,it also generated a large number of fly ash waste, currently China's coal-fired power plant emissions of fly ash has reached more than 180 million tons each year. The emission of fly ash not only caused serious air pollution, soil pollution and water pollution, but also harm people's health, more importantly, it used up a lot of land resources, causing people to contradictions, triggered a lot of economic and social problems. It can be seen on the treatment and utilization of fly ash has become a prominent problems which face of the social and economic, the comprehensive utilization of fly ash to strengthen the research is imperative. This article relies on research projects in Guizhou Science and Technology Commission item:"Compliance completed highway embankment Fly ash comprehensive application of pure research in Zhunbi highway", give the stady of the compliance of the material properties and engineering characteristics, and high fill coal gray pure gray embankment stability analysis of the mechanical calculation.
First of all, summed up the fly ash in highway engineering in a variety of applications, it is one of measures which is one of subsrantial use of fly ash as roadbed filler,and describes the current domestic and international research in this area the status and the latest achievements.
Secondly, give a study through a series of tests on the microstructure, physical and chemical properties, engineering properties of fly ash material, analysis of the compliance to complete the highway along the fly ash material properties and engineering characteristics.
Third, set up high fill embankment of fly ash pure gray model, study to analyze the settlement of subgrade characteristics and slope stability by a large centrifuge model test, and with finite element method analysis of a similar model to achieve experimental data and theoretical results of the analysis can confirm each other.
Finally,based on conclusion of the pilot study and theoretical analysis, proposed checking mode,the stability of the evaluation criteria, the basic cross-section form and drainage system design principles of fly ash highway embankment in Zhunbi highway, thus summed up complete compliance of pure fly ash gray along the highway embankment construction principles,carry out such design and construction of roadbed have a certain degree of referential significance in the future.
引文
[1]沙庆林.《公路压实与压实标准》.人民交通出版社,1989
[2]中华人民共和国交通部.公路路基设计规范JTJ013-95.北京:人民交通出版社,1995
[3] Seels,R.K.et.al,Boottom Ash:An Engineering Material,JSMFD Proc.ASCE,Vol.98,No,SM4,1972
[4] Anthony T.C Goh and Joo—Hwa Tay,Municipal Soil—Waste Incineratior Fly Ash for Geotechnical Applications,JGE.ASCE,Vol 119,No.5,May 1993.
[5]交通部第二公路勘测设计院主编.公路设计手册(路基)第2版.北京:人民交通出版社,1996.40～42
[6] Nicholson,D.P.;Low,A.Performance of Foyle Bridge east abutment.International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts Volume: 32,Issue:4,June,1995,179A
[7]粉煤灰路堤施工工艺.粉煤灰综合利用,1995,(01).
[8]于洪泽,田新宇.粉煤灰在公路建设中的利用.粉煤灰综合利用,1999,(04).
[9]王福元、吴正严《粉煤灰利用手册》中国电力出版社1997
[10]粉煤灰在唐津高速公路软土路基段的应用[J]粉煤灰综合利用,1999,(04).
[11]詹姆斯F迈耶斯等.《粉煤灰─一种公路建筑材料》.人民交通出版社,1976
[12]徐万金.粉煤灰在公路路基填筑中的应用[J]山西建筑,2003,(11)
[13]刘兴德,牛福生.粉煤灰的资源化利用现状与研究进展[J].建材技术与应用.2005.1
[14]钱家欢,殷宗泽.土工原理与计算[M].北京:水利电力出版社.1995:31-64
[15]李广信.高等土力学[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2004:10-87
[16] Casagrande. A..The structure of clay and its importance in foundation[M]. J. Boston, Soc.C.E..Apri1,1932:10-49
[17]陈惠发.土木工程材料的本构方程[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社.2001:102-133
[18] American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO).Innovative Technology for accelerated construction bridge and embankment Foundations[R]. AASHTO Preliminary Summary Report. 2002: 1-11
[19]《公路工程试验规程汇编》人民交通出版社.2006,9
[20]郝文化.ANSYS土木工程应用实例[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社.2005:198-275
[21]李皓月,周田朋,刘相新.ANSYS工程计算应用教程[M].北京:中国铁道出版社.2003 :12-27
[22]博弈创作室.ANSYS7.0基础教程与实例详解[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社.2004:132-152
[23] Chandrashekhara, K.a, Joseph Antony, S.b,Monday Debashish. Semi-analytical finite element analysis of a strip footing on an elastic reinforced soil[J]. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 1998, 32(4): 331-349
[24]钱家欢、殷宗泽主编,土工原理与计算,中国水利水电出版社,2000. 10
[25]洪毓康,土质学与土力学,人民交通出版社,2001. 11
[26]李碧雄、陈谦应,斜坡上高路堤的稳定及变形试验研究,成都科技大学学报, 1999. 5
[27]潘起来.土坝(堤)边坡稳定安全系数的计算.青海师范大学学报(自然科学版).2005 (2)
[28]赵尚毅,郑颖人,时卫民,王敬林.用有限元强度折减法求边坡稳定安全系数.岩土工程学报.2002.24(3)
[29] Wang Yi_min.土的抗剪强度指标对边坡稳定分析的影响.华南理工大学学报(自然科学版)。2001.29(1)
[30]陈祖煌.最优化方法在确定边坡最小安全系数方面的应用.岩土工程学报.1988.10(4)
[31]朱伯芳.有限单元法原理与应用[M].水利水电出版社,1979,8
[32]徐芝纶.弹性力学简明教程(第二版)[M].高等教育出版社, 1983,1
[33]陈希哲.土力学地基基础.第三版.北京:清华大学出版社,2001. 182一l8
[34]张学言.岩土塑性力学.北京:人民交通出版社,1993
[35]徐干成,郑颖人.岩土工程中屈服准则应用的研究[J].岩土工程学报,1990,12(2):93-99
[36]郑颖人,龚晓南.岩土塑性力学基础[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1989
[37] Duncan J M and Chang C Y. Nonlinear Analysis of Stresses and Strain in soils. Proc, ASCE, JSMFD.Vol.96.SMS.1970
[38] Karakus, M.a; Fowell, R.J.b. Effects of different tunnel face advance excavation on the settlement by FEM. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology Volume: 18, Issue: 5, November, 2003, pp. 513-523
[39] JTJ 016-93.公路粉煤灰路堤设计与施工技术规范[S].
[40]粉煤灰填筑路堤技术与应用[R].交通部科技情报研究所,1990
[41]王学武,赵风清.粉煤灰综合利用研究述评[J].粉煤灰综合利用,2001,(6):36-40
[42]盖玉杰.高速公路填石路堤设计与施工方法探讨[J].森林工程,2002(2):41-42
[2]中华人民共和国交通部.公路路基设计规范JTJ013-95.北京:人民交通出版社,1995
[3] Seels,R.K.et.al,Boottom Ash:An Engineering Material,JSMFD Proc.ASCE,Vol.98,No,SM4,1972
[4] Anthony T.C Goh and Joo—Hwa Tay,Municipal Soil—Waste Incineratior Fly Ash for Geotechnical Applications,JGE.ASCE,Vol 119,No.5,May 1993.
[5]交通部第二公路勘测设计院主编.公路设计手册(路基)第2版.北京:人民交通出版社,1996.40～42
[6] Nicholson,D.P.;Low,A.Performance of Foyle Bridge east abutment.International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts Volume: 32,Issue:4,June,1995,179A
[7]粉煤灰路堤施工工艺.粉煤灰综合利用,1995,(01).
[8]于洪泽,田新宇.粉煤灰在公路建设中的利用.粉煤灰综合利用,1999,(04).
[9]王福元、吴正严《粉煤灰利用手册》中国电力出版社1997
[10]粉煤灰在唐津高速公路软土路基段的应用[J]粉煤灰综合利用,1999,(04).
[11]詹姆斯F迈耶斯等.《粉煤灰─一种公路建筑材料》.人民交通出版社,1976
[12]徐万金.粉煤灰在公路路基填筑中的应用[J]山西建筑,2003,(11)
[13]刘兴德,牛福生.粉煤灰的资源化利用现状与研究进展[J].建材技术与应用.2005.1
[14]钱家欢,殷宗泽.土工原理与计算[M].北京:水利电力出版社.1995:31-64
[15]李广信.高等土力学[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2004:10-87
[16] Casagrande. A..The structure of clay and its importance in foundation[M]. J. Boston, Soc.C.E..Apri1,1932:10-49
[17]陈惠发.土木工程材料的本构方程[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社.2001:102-133
[18] American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO).Innovative Technology for accelerated construction bridge and embankment Foundations[R]. AASHTO Preliminary Summary Report. 2002: 1-11
[19]《公路工程试验规程汇编》人民交通出版社.2006,9
[20]郝文化.ANSYS土木工程应用实例[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社.2005:198-275
[21]李皓月,周田朋,刘相新.ANSYS工程计算应用教程[M].北京:中国铁道出版社.2003 :12-27
[22]博弈创作室.ANSYS7.0基础教程与实例详解[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社.2004:132-152
[23] Chandrashekhara, K.a, Joseph Antony, S.b,Monday Debashish. Semi-analytical finite element analysis of a strip footing on an elastic reinforced soil[J]. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 1998, 32(4): 331-349
[24]钱家欢、殷宗泽主编,土工原理与计算,中国水利水电出版社,2000. 10
[25]洪毓康,土质学与土力学,人民交通出版社,2001. 11
[26]李碧雄、陈谦应,斜坡上高路堤的稳定及变形试验研究,成都科技大学学报, 1999. 5
[27]潘起来.土坝(堤)边坡稳定安全系数的计算.青海师范大学学报(自然科学版).2005 (2)
[28]赵尚毅,郑颖人,时卫民,王敬林.用有限元强度折减法求边坡稳定安全系数.岩土工程学报.2002.24(3)
[29] Wang Yi_min.土的抗剪强度指标对边坡稳定分析的影响.华南理工大学学报(自然科学版)。2001.29(1)
[30]陈祖煌.最优化方法在确定边坡最小安全系数方面的应用.岩土工程学报.1988.10(4)
[31]朱伯芳.有限单元法原理与应用[M].水利水电出版社,1979,8
[32]徐芝纶.弹性力学简明教程(第二版)[M].高等教育出版社, 1983,1
[33]陈希哲.土力学地基基础.第三版.北京:清华大学出版社,2001. 182一l8
[34]张学言.岩土塑性力学.北京:人民交通出版社,1993
[35]徐干成,郑颖人.岩土工程中屈服准则应用的研究[J].岩土工程学报,1990,12(2):93-99
[36]郑颖人,龚晓南.岩土塑性力学基础[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1989
[37] Duncan J M and Chang C Y. Nonlinear Analysis of Stresses and Strain in soils. Proc, ASCE, JSMFD.Vol.96.SMS.1970
[38] Karakus, M.a; Fowell, R.J.b. Effects of different tunnel face advance excavation on the settlement by FEM. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology Volume: 18, Issue: 5, November, 2003, pp. 513-523
[39] JTJ 016-93.公路粉煤灰路堤设计与施工技术规范[S].
[40]粉煤灰填筑路堤技术与应用[R].交通部科技情报研究所,1990
[41]王学武,赵风清.粉煤灰综合利用研究述评[J].粉煤灰综合利用,2001,(6):36-40
[42]盖玉杰.高速公路填石路堤设计与施工方法探讨[J].森林工程,2002(2):41-42
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