长输管道安全预警系统若干关键技术研究
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摘要
本文针对我国管道所遭受到的打孔盗油、机械开挖等第三方破坏和自然灾害威胁,根据安全运营需求分别构建了相位敏感型分布式光纤预警系统、管道声波预警系统以及光栅光纤地质滑坡预警系统,并对上述三种预警系统的关键技术进行了重点研究和分析,在管道实际应用中取得良好的效果。
1、本文在前期本项目组研究的基础上,提出了一种基于3×3耦合器的相位敏感型分布式光纤长输管道安全预警系统。从理论上对这种利用5根光缆纤芯构成的双Mach-Zehnder干涉仪回路进行了分析,运用相位解调算法解调出外界扰动所产生的干涉相位变化,有效的解决了偏振衰落现象对系统的影响,提高了系统稳定性。采用基于小波包分析的“频带-能量”特征提取方法用于预警系统的检测信号特征提取,运用支持向量机对威胁事件进行了有效识别。
2、分析了第三方入侵引起的振动声波沿埋地钢质管道传播的机理和规律,针对现有声波预警系统存在的问题与不足,发明了一种新型的PAPS管道声波预警系统,系统利用GPRS/GSM无线通讯手段和电池供电方式,设计了特殊的休眠唤醒和两极三次信号判断方式,实现了野外监控终端的全部埋地结构。本文重点对系统的软硬件结构、低功耗设计、基于两级三次的事件识别方式进行了研究和分析,现场应用表明,系统报警准确率高、响应迅速、操作简单方便,实现了远程维护,可广泛的用于管道的安全防护。
3、针对穿越的自然灾害易发区的管道安全监测,本文提出了一种四位一体的新型光栅光纤地质滑坡预警系统,系统采用光纤光栅传感原理设计了管体应变、管土压力、表部位移、深部位移等四种传感器,并利用上述传感器阵列构建成现场数据采集终端,通过GPRS无线模块远程传输到监控中心,监控中心在进行数据分析后便会根据所设定的预警级别进行自动报警。本文在进行有效的数据处理方法基础上给出了具体的报警阈值,并对温度补尝问题进行了说明。系统具有本质防爆、抗电磁干扰、抗腐蚀、灵活方便等特性,预警示范工程成功监测到了汶川地震对滑坡及管道所造成的影响,可对滑坡治理提供科学指导。
经过港济枣成品油管线、铁大线、秦京线以及兰成渝管道的长时间现场应用,上述预警系统性能稳定、经济实用、安装简单方便,有着很好的应用推广价值。研究内容得到了国家自然科学基金重点项目“流体管网泄漏检测的新方法与关键技术研究”(60534050)资助。
This paper mainly proposes three pre-warning systems separately using technologies of phase-sensitive distributed optic fiber, pipeline acoustics as well as Fiber Bragg Grating to prevent a third-part interference along with geo-harzards such as illegal drilling, machine excavation, geological landslide etc. and also to meet the requirement of safety operation. Additionally, further researches concentrating on the above three key technologies are analyzed and have achieved favorable pre-warning outcome.
1. Based on the previous researches,a 3×3 optic coupler phase-sensitive distributed pipeline pre-warning system is put forward. Furthermore, the double Mach-Zehdner interferometers, to which five fiber cores were employed, were also analyzed theoretically. The "band - energy" feature extraction methods for detection based on wavelet packet analysis, and support vector machine are adopted in the pre-warning system to identify the threats incident effectively.
2. After analyzed the transmission mechanism and the discipline of acoustic vibration in buried steel pipeline caused by third-party intrusion and researched limitations and defects of present acoustic pre-warning system, a new Pipeline Acoustic Pre-warning System has been designed, which adopted GPRS/GSM wireless communication and powered by battery. Because of the special wake-up and sleep mode and“two levels-three times”event identification method, the whole design of full-field surveillance terminal structure buried is realized. This paper has focused on research and analysis of the system hardware and software structures, low-power design concept, and“two levels-three times”event identification method. Field application has showed that the PAPS pre-warning system has high accuracy, fast response, simple operation, easy realization of the remote maintenance and can be widely used for pipeline security.
3. In order to monitor the security status of pipes crossing over regions with frequent natural disasters, a new type of FBG (fiber Bragg grating) geological landslide pre-warning system that integrates four sorts of sensors, including pipe body strain sensor, pipe soil pressure sensor, surface displacement sensor and deep displacement sensor, is designed in accordance with FBG sensing principle. In addition, a terminal to collect on-site data is established by making use of sensor array mentioned above. Such data is remotely transferred to monitoring center by means of GPRS wireless module, and the monitoring center analyzes the data and gives automatic alarm of the right pre-warning class. This paper provides specific alarm thresholds gained from effective data processing and gives details about the problem of temperature compensation. The system is explosion proof, anti-electromagnetic interference, corrosion resistant, convenient and flexible. The pre-warning demonstration project monitored impact of Wenchuan Earthquake on landslide and pipes, which would serve as a guide for landslide control.
After a long period of field test and use in Gangzao, Tieda, Qinjing pipelines, this system has proved stable, economical, practical and easy to configure, so it has a prosperous future. The above research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NO.60534050).
1、本文在前期本项目组研究的基础上,提出了一种基于3×3耦合器的相位敏感型分布式光纤长输管道安全预警系统。从理论上对这种利用5根光缆纤芯构成的双Mach-Zehnder干涉仪回路进行了分析,运用相位解调算法解调出外界扰动所产生的干涉相位变化,有效的解决了偏振衰落现象对系统的影响,提高了系统稳定性。采用基于小波包分析的“频带-能量”特征提取方法用于预警系统的检测信号特征提取,运用支持向量机对威胁事件进行了有效识别。
2、分析了第三方入侵引起的振动声波沿埋地钢质管道传播的机理和规律,针对现有声波预警系统存在的问题与不足,发明了一种新型的PAPS管道声波预警系统,系统利用GPRS/GSM无线通讯手段和电池供电方式,设计了特殊的休眠唤醒和两极三次信号判断方式,实现了野外监控终端的全部埋地结构。本文重点对系统的软硬件结构、低功耗设计、基于两级三次的事件识别方式进行了研究和分析,现场应用表明,系统报警准确率高、响应迅速、操作简单方便,实现了远程维护,可广泛的用于管道的安全防护。
3、针对穿越的自然灾害易发区的管道安全监测,本文提出了一种四位一体的新型光栅光纤地质滑坡预警系统,系统采用光纤光栅传感原理设计了管体应变、管土压力、表部位移、深部位移等四种传感器,并利用上述传感器阵列构建成现场数据采集终端,通过GPRS无线模块远程传输到监控中心,监控中心在进行数据分析后便会根据所设定的预警级别进行自动报警。本文在进行有效的数据处理方法基础上给出了具体的报警阈值,并对温度补尝问题进行了说明。系统具有本质防爆、抗电磁干扰、抗腐蚀、灵活方便等特性,预警示范工程成功监测到了汶川地震对滑坡及管道所造成的影响,可对滑坡治理提供科学指导。
经过港济枣成品油管线、铁大线、秦京线以及兰成渝管道的长时间现场应用,上述预警系统性能稳定、经济实用、安装简单方便,有着很好的应用推广价值。研究内容得到了国家自然科学基金重点项目“流体管网泄漏检测的新方法与关键技术研究”(60534050)资助。
This paper mainly proposes three pre-warning systems separately using technologies of phase-sensitive distributed optic fiber, pipeline acoustics as well as Fiber Bragg Grating to prevent a third-part interference along with geo-harzards such as illegal drilling, machine excavation, geological landslide etc. and also to meet the requirement of safety operation. Additionally, further researches concentrating on the above three key technologies are analyzed and have achieved favorable pre-warning outcome.
1. Based on the previous researches,a 3×3 optic coupler phase-sensitive distributed pipeline pre-warning system is put forward. Furthermore, the double Mach-Zehdner interferometers, to which five fiber cores were employed, were also analyzed theoretically. The "band - energy" feature extraction methods for detection based on wavelet packet analysis, and support vector machine are adopted in the pre-warning system to identify the threats incident effectively.
2. After analyzed the transmission mechanism and the discipline of acoustic vibration in buried steel pipeline caused by third-party intrusion and researched limitations and defects of present acoustic pre-warning system, a new Pipeline Acoustic Pre-warning System has been designed, which adopted GPRS/GSM wireless communication and powered by battery. Because of the special wake-up and sleep mode and“two levels-three times”event identification method, the whole design of full-field surveillance terminal structure buried is realized. This paper has focused on research and analysis of the system hardware and software structures, low-power design concept, and“two levels-three times”event identification method. Field application has showed that the PAPS pre-warning system has high accuracy, fast response, simple operation, easy realization of the remote maintenance and can be widely used for pipeline security.
3. In order to monitor the security status of pipes crossing over regions with frequent natural disasters, a new type of FBG (fiber Bragg grating) geological landslide pre-warning system that integrates four sorts of sensors, including pipe body strain sensor, pipe soil pressure sensor, surface displacement sensor and deep displacement sensor, is designed in accordance with FBG sensing principle. In addition, a terminal to collect on-site data is established by making use of sensor array mentioned above. Such data is remotely transferred to monitoring center by means of GPRS wireless module, and the monitoring center analyzes the data and gives automatic alarm of the right pre-warning class. This paper provides specific alarm thresholds gained from effective data processing and gives details about the problem of temperature compensation. The system is explosion proof, anti-electromagnetic interference, corrosion resistant, convenient and flexible. The pre-warning demonstration project monitored impact of Wenchuan Earthquake on landslide and pipes, which would serve as a guide for landslide control.
After a long period of field test and use in Gangzao, Tieda, Qinjing pipelines, this system has proved stable, economical, practical and easy to configure, so it has a prosperous future. The above research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NO.60534050).
引文
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