智能光纤传感网络中关键器件的研制和应用
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摘要
智能化和网络化是现代光纤传感技术的发展方向,光纤布拉格光栅和光纤法布里-珀罗干涉仪在光纤传感系统的各个组成部分中均有其典型应用,是未来智能光纤传感网络中不可或缺的重要元器件。本论文对光纤布拉格光栅、法布里-珀罗干涉仪以及作为二者结合的相干光纤布拉格光栅组特性进行了深入的理论分析和实验研究,介绍了本实验室自行研制的基于相干光纤布拉格光栅组的振动传感器,以及基于该传感器的智能光纤传感网络在高速列车定位中的应用,主要取得了以下几个方面的研究成果：
1.深入分析了光源相干性对法布里-珀罗干涉仪传输特性的影响。应用维纳-辛钦定理和统计光学的相关知识,建立了法布里-珀罗干涉仪透射率与光源功率谱密度的自相关函数之间的关系,分析了光源相干性对法布里-珀罗干涉仪传感灵敏度的影响。提出一种通过测量法布里-珀罗干涉仪的峰值透射率来测定单模激光器线宽的新方法,拓展了法布里-珀罗干涉仪的应用。
2.研究了光栅的分布式反射特性对相干光纤布拉格光栅组纵模选择特性的影响。求出了均匀光纤布拉格光栅有效长度的解析表达式,提出在计算相干光纤布拉格光栅组的模式间隔时应考虑光栅的平均有效长度：将之应用于分布布拉格反射光纤激光器的分析和设计,利用实验室自制的掺铒光敏光纤获得了准单纵模的激光输出。
3.分析了背景损耗对光纤布拉格光栅光谱特性的影响,提出了光纤布拉格光栅的“直流”和“交流”损耗长度的概念,并求出了其解析表达式。该长度独立于损耗因子,仅由光栅自身的参数决定,可以大大简化相关问题的分析。
4.首次测量了对氢载光纤进行紫外光曝光时产生的光致背景损耗和光致折射率改变量之间的关系,为高精细度相干光纤布拉格光栅组的制作、分析及应用提供了可靠的实验依据,为光纤布拉格光栅基传感器的大规模复用提供了参考和依据。
5.首次将基于相干光纤布拉格光栅组的智能光纤传感网络应用于列车定位,进行了相关器件的研制和现场实验工作,为光纤传感器的实用化提供了参考和依据。该成果已申请国家发明专利“利用相干性光纤光栅组实现列车定位和实时追踪的方法”并取得授权(专利号：ZL200610169813.9)。
6.参与研制光缆预警系统,该系统已成功应用于国庆60周年通州阅兵村安全防卫工作。
Intelligentizing and Networking are developing trend of modern optical-fiber sensing technology. The fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and Fabry-Perot Interferometer (FPI) are key devices of the smart optical-fiber sensor network at present and in the future. In this dissertation, the characteristics of FBG, FPI and coherent FBG group are investigated in detail. Both the theoretical and experimental investigations are performed. The fiber sensor for the vibration measurement based on the coherent FBG group is studied and fabricated. The smart optical-fiber sensor network based on the coherent FBG group is set up and applied to the high speed train locating. The main contributions of the dissertation are listed as follows:
1. The effect of optical coherence of the light source on the FPI was investigated. The relationship between the transmissivity of the FPI and auto-correlative function of power spectral density of source is built up. The effect of the optical coherence of the light source on the sensitivity of FPI sensor is analyzed. A new method for measuring the line width of single frequency laser with FPI is proposed, which extend the application of FPI.
2. The effect of the distributed nature of FBGs on the mode-selecting characteristic of coherent FBG group is investigated. The analytical expression of the effective length of the uniform FBG is obtained. It is shown that the mode-spacing of the coherent FBG group should be calculated by using the averaged effective length of the FBG. The conclusion is applied to the analysis and design of the Distributed Bragg Reflection (DBR) fiber laser. Quasi-single-frequency output is obtained by using the self-made Photosensitive Er-doped fiber.
3. The effect of the background loss on the FBG spectra is investigated. The concepts of "DC" and "AC" loss penetration depths of the uniform FBG are proposed and the exact analytical expressions of them are derived by using the Coupled-mode theory. The two penetration depths only depend on parameters of the lossless FBG and can be used to simply the correlative analysis.
4. The relationship between the UV-induced background loss and the UV-induced index change of the hydrogen-loaded fiber is measured for the first time, which is helpful to the fabrication, analysis and application of the coherent FBG group with high finess. Also it can be reference for the multiplexing of FBG based sensors.
5. Smart optical-fiber sensor network based on the coherent FBG group is applied to the high speed train locating for the first time. The correlative devices are studied and fabricated, and experiment on the railway is performed. A China invention patented "The method for the train locating and real-time tracking by using coherent FBG group" for the locating method has been issued.
6. Take part in the development of optical fiber cable early warning system. The system has been used in the drill camps for the security precaution during the Military Review for 60th anniversary of National Day.
1.深入分析了光源相干性对法布里-珀罗干涉仪传输特性的影响。应用维纳-辛钦定理和统计光学的相关知识,建立了法布里-珀罗干涉仪透射率与光源功率谱密度的自相关函数之间的关系,分析了光源相干性对法布里-珀罗干涉仪传感灵敏度的影响。提出一种通过测量法布里-珀罗干涉仪的峰值透射率来测定单模激光器线宽的新方法,拓展了法布里-珀罗干涉仪的应用。
2.研究了光栅的分布式反射特性对相干光纤布拉格光栅组纵模选择特性的影响。求出了均匀光纤布拉格光栅有效长度的解析表达式,提出在计算相干光纤布拉格光栅组的模式间隔时应考虑光栅的平均有效长度：将之应用于分布布拉格反射光纤激光器的分析和设计,利用实验室自制的掺铒光敏光纤获得了准单纵模的激光输出。
3.分析了背景损耗对光纤布拉格光栅光谱特性的影响,提出了光纤布拉格光栅的“直流”和“交流”损耗长度的概念,并求出了其解析表达式。该长度独立于损耗因子,仅由光栅自身的参数决定,可以大大简化相关问题的分析。
4.首次测量了对氢载光纤进行紫外光曝光时产生的光致背景损耗和光致折射率改变量之间的关系,为高精细度相干光纤布拉格光栅组的制作、分析及应用提供了可靠的实验依据,为光纤布拉格光栅基传感器的大规模复用提供了参考和依据。
5.首次将基于相干光纤布拉格光栅组的智能光纤传感网络应用于列车定位,进行了相关器件的研制和现场实验工作,为光纤传感器的实用化提供了参考和依据。该成果已申请国家发明专利“利用相干性光纤光栅组实现列车定位和实时追踪的方法”并取得授权(专利号：ZL200610169813.9)。
6.参与研制光缆预警系统,该系统已成功应用于国庆60周年通州阅兵村安全防卫工作。
Intelligentizing and Networking are developing trend of modern optical-fiber sensing technology. The fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and Fabry-Perot Interferometer (FPI) are key devices of the smart optical-fiber sensor network at present and in the future. In this dissertation, the characteristics of FBG, FPI and coherent FBG group are investigated in detail. Both the theoretical and experimental investigations are performed. The fiber sensor for the vibration measurement based on the coherent FBG group is studied and fabricated. The smart optical-fiber sensor network based on the coherent FBG group is set up and applied to the high speed train locating. The main contributions of the dissertation are listed as follows:
1. The effect of optical coherence of the light source on the FPI was investigated. The relationship between the transmissivity of the FPI and auto-correlative function of power spectral density of source is built up. The effect of the optical coherence of the light source on the sensitivity of FPI sensor is analyzed. A new method for measuring the line width of single frequency laser with FPI is proposed, which extend the application of FPI.
2. The effect of the distributed nature of FBGs on the mode-selecting characteristic of coherent FBG group is investigated. The analytical expression of the effective length of the uniform FBG is obtained. It is shown that the mode-spacing of the coherent FBG group should be calculated by using the averaged effective length of the FBG. The conclusion is applied to the analysis and design of the Distributed Bragg Reflection (DBR) fiber laser. Quasi-single-frequency output is obtained by using the self-made Photosensitive Er-doped fiber.
3. The effect of the background loss on the FBG spectra is investigated. The concepts of "DC" and "AC" loss penetration depths of the uniform FBG are proposed and the exact analytical expressions of them are derived by using the Coupled-mode theory. The two penetration depths only depend on parameters of the lossless FBG and can be used to simply the correlative analysis.
4. The relationship between the UV-induced background loss and the UV-induced index change of the hydrogen-loaded fiber is measured for the first time, which is helpful to the fabrication, analysis and application of the coherent FBG group with high finess. Also it can be reference for the multiplexing of FBG based sensors.
5. Smart optical-fiber sensor network based on the coherent FBG group is applied to the high speed train locating for the first time. The correlative devices are studied and fabricated, and experiment on the railway is performed. A China invention patented "The method for the train locating and real-time tracking by using coherent FBG group" for the locating method has been issued.
6. Take part in the development of optical fiber cable early warning system. The system has been used in the drill camps for the security precaution during the Military Review for 60th anniversary of National Day.
引文
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[1]Wenhua Ren, Peilin Tao, Zhongwei Tan, Yan Liu, Shuisheng Jian. Theoretical and experimental investigation of the mode-spacing of fiber Bragg grating Fabry-Perot cavity. Chin.Opt.Lett.Vol.7,No.9,pp.775-777,2009. SCI检索
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[1]Zhongwei Tan, Yanhua Wang, Wenhua Ren, Yan Liu, Bin Li, Tigang Ning and Shuisheng Jian. Transmission system over 3000 km with dispersion compensated by chirped fiber Bragg gratings. Optik-Int ernational Journal for Light and Electron Optics, Vol.120, No.1, pp.9-13,2009. SCI检索
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[1]简水生,延凤平,谭中伟,任文华等5人.利用相干性光纤光栅组实现列车定位和实时追踪的方法.中国发明专利,专利号：ZL200610169813.9,2009年2月11日.
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