大采高回采巷道围岩控制技术研究
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摘要
大采高回采巷道由于矿压显现剧烈、应力集中系数大、煤体强度低,巷道两帮及顶底板移近量大,变形严重,影响了大采高工作面工作效率的发挥,因而有必要对大采高回采巷道的控制技术进行研究。
本文以大采高回采巷道为主要研究对象,采用现场实测、理论分析、数值模拟等方法,对大采高工作面回采巷道的顶板结构破断规律及矿压显现规律,合理煤柱尺寸问题,两帮变形特征、影响因素,帮锚杆作用机理,底臌形式、机理及控制途径进行了研究,在此基础上对大采高回采巷道的支护技术进行了探索性研究。主要结论如下:
(1)通过现场实测揭示了大采高回采巷道围岩变形的基本特征和规律。
(2)构建了大采高回采巷道上覆岩层的结构模型,并分析了其受力状态变化情况,在此基础上分析了回采巷道上覆岩层的破断规律,给出了基本顶回转岩块的基本参数,以及回转对回采巷道煤柱作用力的计算公式。
(3)对动载作用下煤柱的应力状态进行分析,在此基础上给出了基本顶回转作用下采空区侧煤柱塑性区的宽度计算公式,弹性区宽度计算公式,改进了原有的煤柱尺寸计算公式。
(4)在现场实测的基础上,结合理论分析研究了大采高回采巷道两帮的变形特点、影响因素,分析了帮锚杆(索)的作用机理,给出了通过增加锚杆(索)长度,增强锚固力,加强顶角、底角支护,采用高延伸率、让压锚杆(索)+钢带+铁丝网联合支护的方式控制大采高回采巷道两帮变形的途径。
(5)分析了大采高回采巷道底臌的形式及机理,运用数值模拟的方法研究了底臌影响因素,结合回采巷道特点提出适宜的底臌治理方法。
(6)在上述研究的基础上,给出了大采高回采巷道的支护原则,并结合赵庄煤矿32053巷道现有支护条件下变形特点及锚杆(索)受力情况,对赵庄煤矿大采高回采巷道现有支护方式进行了改进。
综上所述,本文在理论分析和数值模拟的基础上,结合工程实践,修正了大采高回采巷道支护存在的误区,并给出了相应的改进措施,对支护理论的发展及大采高回采巷道支护设计具有一定的借鉴意义,部分研究成果得到现场实践的证实。
The characters of the mining roadways under Large mining height on mining pressure severe appearance,large stress concentration coefficient, low strength and large amount of deformation Which restricts the exertion of the efficiency of large mining height. It is necessary of the researches on around rock control techniques of roadways under large mining height.
It adopts the mining roadway under large mining height as the main object of study in this paper. Which are researched on the rupture rule of the roof structure, mine pressure behavior, the reasonable size of coal pillar, the deformation features and influencing factors of the wall, action mechanism of bolt in the wall, the form and mechanism and control of floor heave by using of the field measurement, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and other methods. On this basis, researches on the supporting technologies of mining roadways under large mining height are studied. The main conclusions are as follows.
(1) Which reveals the deformation characteristics and laws of mining roadway surrounding rock under large mining height through field measurement methods.
(2) Which analyze the rupture rule of the roof structure, give the base parameters of rotary rock block and the calculation formula of the force on the mining roadway pillar by constructing the structure model of overlying strata in mining roadway under large mining height and analyzing forced state of overlying strata.
(3) On this basis of analyzing the stress state coal pillar under dynamic load, the calculation formulas about the width of plastic zone on the pillar close to Goaf under the action of rotary rock block and the calculation formulas about the size of elastic area on the pillar are given.Then the reasonable size of coal pillar calculation formulas are established.
(4) Using theoretical analysis and field measurement, which analyze the deformation characteristics of two sides roadway and the action mechanism of bolt ( cable) in the wall. It gives the control ways about the deformation of two sides roadway under large mining height by increasing length of bolt (cable), strengthening the support in the apex angle and base angle, enhancing the anchoring force and using combined support about high-elongation bolt (cable) + steel strip+ wire fence.
(5) Which gives the method of floor heave control by analyzing the form and mechanism of floor heave, researching the influence factors of floor heave through numerical simulation method and combining with the characteristics of mining roadway.
(6) On the basis of above, combined the deformation characteristics and situation about bolt (cable) force measure in 32053 roadway of Zhao Zhuang Coal Mine, it improves the existing supporting ways about roadway retained under large mining height in Zhao Zhuang Coal Mine
In summary, which amend the misunderstanding about the support way in mining roadway under large mining height and give the corresponding improvement measures on the babis of theory anaysis and numerical simulation and combination of project practice in this paper. It is useful of the development on the supporting theory and support design in work field. Some research is approved in the practice.
本文以大采高回采巷道为主要研究对象,采用现场实测、理论分析、数值模拟等方法,对大采高工作面回采巷道的顶板结构破断规律及矿压显现规律,合理煤柱尺寸问题,两帮变形特征、影响因素,帮锚杆作用机理,底臌形式、机理及控制途径进行了研究,在此基础上对大采高回采巷道的支护技术进行了探索性研究。主要结论如下:
(1)通过现场实测揭示了大采高回采巷道围岩变形的基本特征和规律。
(2)构建了大采高回采巷道上覆岩层的结构模型,并分析了其受力状态变化情况,在此基础上分析了回采巷道上覆岩层的破断规律,给出了基本顶回转岩块的基本参数,以及回转对回采巷道煤柱作用力的计算公式。
(3)对动载作用下煤柱的应力状态进行分析,在此基础上给出了基本顶回转作用下采空区侧煤柱塑性区的宽度计算公式,弹性区宽度计算公式,改进了原有的煤柱尺寸计算公式。
(4)在现场实测的基础上,结合理论分析研究了大采高回采巷道两帮的变形特点、影响因素,分析了帮锚杆(索)的作用机理,给出了通过增加锚杆(索)长度,增强锚固力,加强顶角、底角支护,采用高延伸率、让压锚杆(索)+钢带+铁丝网联合支护的方式控制大采高回采巷道两帮变形的途径。
(5)分析了大采高回采巷道底臌的形式及机理,运用数值模拟的方法研究了底臌影响因素,结合回采巷道特点提出适宜的底臌治理方法。
(6)在上述研究的基础上,给出了大采高回采巷道的支护原则,并结合赵庄煤矿32053巷道现有支护条件下变形特点及锚杆(索)受力情况,对赵庄煤矿大采高回采巷道现有支护方式进行了改进。
综上所述,本文在理论分析和数值模拟的基础上,结合工程实践,修正了大采高回采巷道支护存在的误区,并给出了相应的改进措施,对支护理论的发展及大采高回采巷道支护设计具有一定的借鉴意义,部分研究成果得到现场实践的证实。
The characters of the mining roadways under Large mining height on mining pressure severe appearance,large stress concentration coefficient, low strength and large amount of deformation Which restricts the exertion of the efficiency of large mining height. It is necessary of the researches on around rock control techniques of roadways under large mining height.
It adopts the mining roadway under large mining height as the main object of study in this paper. Which are researched on the rupture rule of the roof structure, mine pressure behavior, the reasonable size of coal pillar, the deformation features and influencing factors of the wall, action mechanism of bolt in the wall, the form and mechanism and control of floor heave by using of the field measurement, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and other methods. On this basis, researches on the supporting technologies of mining roadways under large mining height are studied. The main conclusions are as follows.
(1) Which reveals the deformation characteristics and laws of mining roadway surrounding rock under large mining height through field measurement methods.
(2) Which analyze the rupture rule of the roof structure, give the base parameters of rotary rock block and the calculation formula of the force on the mining roadway pillar by constructing the structure model of overlying strata in mining roadway under large mining height and analyzing forced state of overlying strata.
(3) On this basis of analyzing the stress state coal pillar under dynamic load, the calculation formulas about the width of plastic zone on the pillar close to Goaf under the action of rotary rock block and the calculation formulas about the size of elastic area on the pillar are given.Then the reasonable size of coal pillar calculation formulas are established.
(4) Using theoretical analysis and field measurement, which analyze the deformation characteristics of two sides roadway and the action mechanism of bolt ( cable) in the wall. It gives the control ways about the deformation of two sides roadway under large mining height by increasing length of bolt (cable), strengthening the support in the apex angle and base angle, enhancing the anchoring force and using combined support about high-elongation bolt (cable) + steel strip+ wire fence.
(5) Which gives the method of floor heave control by analyzing the form and mechanism of floor heave, researching the influence factors of floor heave through numerical simulation method and combining with the characteristics of mining roadway.
(6) On the basis of above, combined the deformation characteristics and situation about bolt (cable) force measure in 32053 roadway of Zhao Zhuang Coal Mine, it improves the existing supporting ways about roadway retained under large mining height in Zhao Zhuang Coal Mine
In summary, which amend the misunderstanding about the support way in mining roadway under large mining height and give the corresponding improvement measures on the babis of theory anaysis and numerical simulation and combination of project practice in this paper. It is useful of the development on the supporting theory and support design in work field. Some research is approved in the practice.
引文
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