矿业城市生态储存对土地利用的响应与平衡
摘要
矿业城市采矿活动的频度与力度直接决定了土地利用的变化程度和变化方向,进而导致生态储存的不定向流动,破坏了原有生态平衡。探讨矿业城市的生态储存对土地利用的响应机制,及生态储存平衡和土地利用优化配置,对指导今后矿业城市土地利用具有重要意义。
本文以河北省矿业城市武安市为例,通过分析矿业城市矿产资源开采特点和土地利用特点,研究了矿业城市土地利用的周期性变化规律,传统开采模式和生态开采模式对生态型用地的影响规律,工矿用地在扩张式利用模式和集约式利用模式下的开发利用规律。并通过10年的土地利用统计资料及数据库,分析了武安市各地类变化的数量、分布、方向。
从生态储存发生范围、发生要素和发生方式定义了生态储存,阐述了基于土地利用基础上的狭义的生态储存定义和内涵,并归纳了特征。结合国内外学者的研究结果和武安市的实际资源利用、废弃物排放和雨水情况,修正得到武安市生态系统服务功能价值系数,作为生态储存模型估算的基础。分别从生态储存状态、过程和能力三个方面建立估算生态储存的模型。结果表明武安市土地利用从根本上决定了区域的生态储存,其工(矿)业产业结构决定了人工生态系统在整个区域起到重要影响作用。
考虑过去,当前和未来可能的土地利用对生态储存的影响,结合生态系统类型格局和地形地貌的影响,构建“5A”评价指标体系。结果显示,人工生态系统、单一(半)自然生态系统极不利于积极生态储存,而自然形成和人工恢复的(半)自然生态系统对积极生态储存有决定性的作用。并分析敏感性生态型土地和矿产资源开采对矿业城市生态储存的影响,结果显示,武安市无一乡(镇)生态储存对生态型土地表现出明显敏感性,而分布于矿产资源分布带及其周边乡(镇)受矿产资源开采影响严重。在三者基础上,进行了制图综合。
武安市外部性和内部性生态储存的信息熵值表明,整体性和外部性生态储存处于有序性变化趋势,内部性生态储存处于无序性变化趋势。根据区域两者平衡的设计思路,提出土地利用优化配置模型,并结合实际,确定约束条件,最终确定优化配置方案。经比较,此种优化配置方案对于促使区域生态储存有序化变化有积极作用。
分别考虑生态储存与土地利用的协调源动力、协调过程和调控结果三个方面,建立从目标层→方向层→实施层与部门参与层的递推调控与管制框架。从生态储存与土地利用在区域中的相互依存、相互对立的关系,提出矿业城市生态储存与土地利用耦合的概念模型、衔接的调控模型以及平衡的管制模式。
The frequency and intensity of mining activities in a mining city determine directly land use change degree and direction, which result in the undirectonal flows of ecological storage and destroy the original balance. It makes significant sense to discuss the response and balance of ecological storage to land use in a mining city and the optimized land use allocation for guiding future land use.
Taking the mining city of Wu’an, Hebei Province as a case study, this paper analyzes the characteristics of mineral resources exploitation and land use, and then it discusses the regularity of periodic change of land use in a mining city, the regularity of impacts of traditional mining mode and ecological mining mode on ecological land, and the regularity of development and use of industrial and mining land in extensive use mode and intensive use mode. Through the ten-year statistic documents and database of land use in Wu’an, this paper analyzes the quantity, distribution and directions of land use change.
From occurrence scope, occurrence elements and occurrence mode, this paper defines ecological storage and elaborates its definition and connotation (based on land use) in a narrow sense, and then summarizes its characteristics. Combined with the original research results from foreign and domestic scholars in China and the actual resource utilization, waste emission and rainfall situations in Wu’an, this paper corrects and obtains the final value coefficients of ecosystem services as the basis of ecological storage estimation. And this paper establishes the estimation model of ecological storage from three aspects, including ecological storage stage, process and capacity. The results show that the land use in Wu’an fundamentally determines regional ecological storage, and that the industrial and mining structure determines the important role of human ecosystems in the entire region.
Considering the impact of past, present and future land use on ecological storage and combined the influences of ecosystem pattern and topography, this paper establishes an evaluation index system, named“5A”. The result shows that human ecosystems and single (semi-) natural ecosystem extremely go against positive ecological storage, while naturally-formed and human-restored (semi-) natural ecosystems play a deterministic role in positive ecological storage. And then this paper analyzes the influences of sensitive ecological land and mineral resources exploitation on ecological storage in the mining city. The results show that the regional ecological storage hardly presents an obvious sensitivity to the ecological land in any town of Wu’an, and that mineral resources exploitation has a strong impact on the mineral resources-distributed zones and around. Based on the three aspects, this paper does complex mapping.
The information entropies of the external and internal ecological storage in Wu’an show that the whole and external ecological storage are in an ordered change but the internal ecological storage in a disordered change. According to the design idea of balancing the external and internal ecological storage, this paper puts forward an optimized land-use allocation model, and then sets constraint conditions based on actual situations, and finally determines the optimized allocation scheme. After a comparison, this scheme has a positive effect on enhancing regional ordered change of ecological storage.
Considering source power and process for coordination and regulation and control result between ecological storage and land use, respectively, this paper establishes a stepwise regulation and control framework from destination layer→orientation layer→implementation layer and functional departments-participation layer. And according to the interdependent and adversarial relationships between ecological storage and land use, this paper puts forward a concept model for their coupling, a regulation model for their connection and a packaged control mode for their balance in a mining city.
本文以河北省矿业城市武安市为例,通过分析矿业城市矿产资源开采特点和土地利用特点,研究了矿业城市土地利用的周期性变化规律,传统开采模式和生态开采模式对生态型用地的影响规律,工矿用地在扩张式利用模式和集约式利用模式下的开发利用规律。并通过10年的土地利用统计资料及数据库,分析了武安市各地类变化的数量、分布、方向。
从生态储存发生范围、发生要素和发生方式定义了生态储存,阐述了基于土地利用基础上的狭义的生态储存定义和内涵,并归纳了特征。结合国内外学者的研究结果和武安市的实际资源利用、废弃物排放和雨水情况,修正得到武安市生态系统服务功能价值系数,作为生态储存模型估算的基础。分别从生态储存状态、过程和能力三个方面建立估算生态储存的模型。结果表明武安市土地利用从根本上决定了区域的生态储存,其工(矿)业产业结构决定了人工生态系统在整个区域起到重要影响作用。
考虑过去,当前和未来可能的土地利用对生态储存的影响,结合生态系统类型格局和地形地貌的影响,构建“5A”评价指标体系。结果显示,人工生态系统、单一(半)自然生态系统极不利于积极生态储存,而自然形成和人工恢复的(半)自然生态系统对积极生态储存有决定性的作用。并分析敏感性生态型土地和矿产资源开采对矿业城市生态储存的影响,结果显示,武安市无一乡(镇)生态储存对生态型土地表现出明显敏感性,而分布于矿产资源分布带及其周边乡(镇)受矿产资源开采影响严重。在三者基础上,进行了制图综合。
武安市外部性和内部性生态储存的信息熵值表明,整体性和外部性生态储存处于有序性变化趋势,内部性生态储存处于无序性变化趋势。根据区域两者平衡的设计思路,提出土地利用优化配置模型,并结合实际,确定约束条件,最终确定优化配置方案。经比较,此种优化配置方案对于促使区域生态储存有序化变化有积极作用。
分别考虑生态储存与土地利用的协调源动力、协调过程和调控结果三个方面,建立从目标层→方向层→实施层与部门参与层的递推调控与管制框架。从生态储存与土地利用在区域中的相互依存、相互对立的关系,提出矿业城市生态储存与土地利用耦合的概念模型、衔接的调控模型以及平衡的管制模式。
The frequency and intensity of mining activities in a mining city determine directly land use change degree and direction, which result in the undirectonal flows of ecological storage and destroy the original balance. It makes significant sense to discuss the response and balance of ecological storage to land use in a mining city and the optimized land use allocation for guiding future land use.
Taking the mining city of Wu’an, Hebei Province as a case study, this paper analyzes the characteristics of mineral resources exploitation and land use, and then it discusses the regularity of periodic change of land use in a mining city, the regularity of impacts of traditional mining mode and ecological mining mode on ecological land, and the regularity of development and use of industrial and mining land in extensive use mode and intensive use mode. Through the ten-year statistic documents and database of land use in Wu’an, this paper analyzes the quantity, distribution and directions of land use change.
From occurrence scope, occurrence elements and occurrence mode, this paper defines ecological storage and elaborates its definition and connotation (based on land use) in a narrow sense, and then summarizes its characteristics. Combined with the original research results from foreign and domestic scholars in China and the actual resource utilization, waste emission and rainfall situations in Wu’an, this paper corrects and obtains the final value coefficients of ecosystem services as the basis of ecological storage estimation. And this paper establishes the estimation model of ecological storage from three aspects, including ecological storage stage, process and capacity. The results show that the land use in Wu’an fundamentally determines regional ecological storage, and that the industrial and mining structure determines the important role of human ecosystems in the entire region.
Considering the impact of past, present and future land use on ecological storage and combined the influences of ecosystem pattern and topography, this paper establishes an evaluation index system, named“5A”. The result shows that human ecosystems and single (semi-) natural ecosystem extremely go against positive ecological storage, while naturally-formed and human-restored (semi-) natural ecosystems play a deterministic role in positive ecological storage. And then this paper analyzes the influences of sensitive ecological land and mineral resources exploitation on ecological storage in the mining city. The results show that the regional ecological storage hardly presents an obvious sensitivity to the ecological land in any town of Wu’an, and that mineral resources exploitation has a strong impact on the mineral resources-distributed zones and around. Based on the three aspects, this paper does complex mapping.
The information entropies of the external and internal ecological storage in Wu’an show that the whole and external ecological storage are in an ordered change but the internal ecological storage in a disordered change. According to the design idea of balancing the external and internal ecological storage, this paper puts forward an optimized land-use allocation model, and then sets constraint conditions based on actual situations, and finally determines the optimized allocation scheme. After a comparison, this scheme has a positive effect on enhancing regional ordered change of ecological storage.
Considering source power and process for coordination and regulation and control result between ecological storage and land use, respectively, this paper establishes a stepwise regulation and control framework from destination layer→orientation layer→implementation layer and functional departments-participation layer. And according to the interdependent and adversarial relationships between ecological storage and land use, this paper puts forward a concept model for their coupling, a regulation model for their connection and a packaged control mode for their balance in a mining city.
引文
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