松辽盆地南部长岭断陷火山岩储层预测研究
摘要
松辽盆地深层火山岩的勘探近年来取得了重大发现,大庆油田于2005年12月在松辽盆地徐家围子断陷向国家储委提交了1000×10~8m~3的天然气探明储量,目的层为早白垩世营城组火山岩、营城组砂砾岩和登娄库组砂岩,其中营城组火山岩储量占总储量的89.7%。2007年中石油、中石化在松辽盆地南部的长岭断陷提交了超过1000×10~8m~3的火山岩储层的天然气探明储量,火山岩是松辽盆地深层的主要储层。
松辽盆地长岭断陷早白垩世火山岩发育,通过重磁资料发现长岭断陷的中央主要多以中低磁性的酸性火山岩发育,在盆地周边中性—中基性的安山岩、玄武岩发育。利用地震和钻井资料建立火山岩的地震响应模型。根据火山机构的物理模型特征,选择倾角和相干体两种属性识别出了火山机构的各个相带,该成果应用于火山勘探中。利用波形分类方法识别火山岩相,利用地震属性的瞬时频率、瞬时频率斜度和反射强度属性进行有利储层预测,利用波阻抗反演等方法预测火山岩有利储层的分布范围。利用构造曲率法进行了火山岩裂缝的分布规律,吸收衰减判别火山岩含气性。
在火山岩气藏的综合预测工作中,按火山机构-岩相、亚相-有利储层-含油气范围程序逐步进行,可以降低预测的多解性,提高钻探成功率。
腰英台地区营城组火山岩储层和油气综合预测的结果表明,该区气藏类型为构造—岩性气藏;区内最有利的钻探部位是:起良好通道作用的断裂发育区的局部构造高点,特别是火山口与断裂共同发育区。
China's volcanic reservoir of oil and gas exploration and development began in the 1970s, in the late 1990s by rapid development. At present, almost all of China's major oil and gas basins are discovered volcanic rocks and volcanic reservoir. China has built a large number of a certain size, certain reserves and output to the reservoir rocks consisting mainly of oil and gas fields. Comparison with other countries, our country has more development the Cenozoic volcanic reservoir of oil and gas basins in the reservoir.
Songliao Basin volcanic research began in the 20th century early 1990s, in 1996 after entering the rapid development period. Because the exploration of the actual needs of Songliao Basin volcanic reservoir studies continuously deepened in recent years in reservoir rocks and volcanic reservoir studies achieved a major breakthrough. Earthquake rocks from the non-recognition to the volcanic gas reservoir geology - earthquakes have established a comprehensive description of the corresponding series of theoretical and technical methods series. Daqing Oilfield in the current volcanic reservoir rocks and reservoir forecasts and exploration success rate of the leading international standard of living in the area, in the relevant theoretical research also living in the forefront of domestic and foreign counterparts.
Songliao Basin, the exploration of deep volcanic rocks in recent years has made significant discovery, the Daqing Oilfield in December 2005 in the Songliao Basin Xujiaweizi depression to the State Reserve Committee submitted a 1000×108m3 proved reserves of natural gas, volcanic rock that is the Songliao Deep Basin, the main reservoir. However, in the southern part of Songliao Basin in Changling faulted constantly reveals new wells, the volcanic region from Changling lithology, larger changes in the same rocks, reservoir rocks on the size and distribution of the need for further understanding.
To this end, the author relies on key projects in petrochemicals, "the Songliao Basin in Changling faulted volcanic reservoir characteristics of carry out the basic unit from the volcanic rock (volcanic bodies) point of a new awareness of volcanic reservoir characteristics of the research work. Through the volcanic reservoir description of the earthquake, in the geological model of restraint under the volcanic geology of the reservoir - comprehensive description of earthquakes, volcanic reservoir for the Fine forecast to provide a working guideline for speeding up the discovery of natural gas and improve the efficiency of exploration Important theoretical and practical significance.
This paper mainly focus on the integrated study of volcanic reservoir with cores, gravity and magnetic data, logging and seismic data in the Changling fault depression of the Songliao basin following the elemental principles of litholgoy and geophysics in order to find the effective methods to predict volcanic reservoir. According to the Songliao Basin in southern Changling faulted the delineation of gravity and magnetic data to the distribution of volcanic rocks, seismic data interpretation of the distribution of volcanic the use of statistical methods to establish geological rock phase of the relationship between the reservoir and volcanic agencies and the reservoir of the relationship The use of waveform classification identification of volcanic rock, using dip properties and coherent method of identification of the volcano; phase and the use of reservoir rocks and volcanoes, the quantitative relationship with the agency relationship between the quantitative reservoir of semi-quantitative evaluation of seismic attributes at the same time And the geological reservoir effective statistical relationship between the reservoir effective earthquake prediction, using seismic inversion forecast favorable reservoir of distribution; forecast by tectonic stress fracture to find favorable reservoir. Above geological and seismic methods of effective reservoir prediction results for effective integrated reservoir forecast.
1. Gravity and magnetic method
The lithology of basement has been classified based on the vertical secondary derivative anomaly and continuation of gravity and geomagnetism. According to the geomagnetic nature of volcanic rocks, the distribution of intermediate and basic volcanic rocks was sketched out based on the waveletes analysis.
2. Logging method
According to the logging curve comparisons, the logging characteristics of volcanic rocks have the following principles. The rhyolite shows high natural gamma, electrical resistivity and low acoustic interval transit time (high velocity). The intermediate volcanic rocks, such as andesite, show high natural gamma and electrical resistivity and low acoustic interval transit time (high velocity). In general, from the basic volcanic rock to felsic volcanic rock, the radioactivity increases, the neutron response descends, the density decreases. Low electrical resistivity and high acoustic interval transit time are the unique characteristics of tuff.
Element Capture Spectroscopy (ECS) data was employed to classify the volcanic rocks and to calculate the rock matrix parameters, that is, the ECS data was effective to recognize the lithology of volcanic rocks. The porosity of volcanic rocks can be recognized according to the density logging and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging as well as the rock matrix parameters calculated based on the ECS data. The effectivity of volcanic reservoir can be classified based on the porosity. The capillary pressure curve was calculated from the T2 distribution spectrum of NMR, then, the gas bedding was recognized based on the fluid saturation which was calculated based on the capillary pressure curve and the free water interface.
3. Seismic reflection features analysis and recognition techniques
The recognition resolution of seismic reflection to the deep volcanic reservoirs and the relationship among various wavelets were studied based on the wavelet forward of different frequency, thus, the recognition capability of current seismic data was deduced. The position and the spatial distribution of volcanic rocks were accurately sketched out with volcanic rocks orientated technique, for instance, the pre-stack depth migration technique and the unconventional section of seismic facies. 4. Integrated prediction of volcanic reservoir
4.1 Prediction of development zones of volcanic craters
The distribution and spatial extension of craters in the target area were recognized with coherence, dipping angle as well as various time slices of seismic data.
4.2 the prediction of lateral distribution of volcanic facies
The lateral distribution of volcanic facies was predicted with waveform clustering analysis method based on the distribution features in single well and the corresponding seismic reflection of volcanic rocks. The volcanic facies shows the following seismic reflection features. Volcanic vent facies: asymmetric acetabuliform, lenticular or wedge-shaped, low-middle frequency, weak-strong amplitude, bad continuity. Volcanic vent facies fingered with middle and lower subfacies of effusive facies in lateral. Explosive facies: sheet drape, slaty and wedge-shaped, and silllike drape, mid-low frequency and some is mid-high frequency, weak-mid amplitude and some is mid-strong amplitude, middle-well continuity and infrequent some is bad continuity. Effusive facies: wedge-shaped, sill-like drape, slaty and lenticular, mid-low frequency and some is mid-high frequency, mid-weak amplitude and some is mid-strong amplitude, middle-bad continuity and some is middle-well continuity. Extrusive facies: asymmetric bosslike, lenticular, slaty and wedge-shaped, mid-low frequency, mid-weak amplitude, bad continuity. Volcanogenitic sedimentary facies: silllike drape, mid-high frequency, strong amplitude, well continuity.
Volcanic vent facies and its combination: asymmetric acetabuliform, lenticular or wedge-shaped, low-middle frequency, weak-strong amplitude, bad continuity. Volcanic vent facies fingered with middle and lower subfacies of effusive facies in lateral.
Explosive facies and is combination: sheet drape, slaty and wedge-shaped, and silllike drape, mid-low frequency and some is mid-high frequency, weak-mid amplitude and some is mid-strong amplitude, middle-well continuity and infrequent some is bad continuity.
Effusive facies and is combination: wedge-shaped, silllike drape, slaty and lenticular, mid-low frequency and some is mid-high frequency, mid-weak amplitude and some is mid-strong amplitude, middle-bad continuity and some is middle-well continuity.
Extrusive facies and is combination: asymmetric bosslike, lenticular, slaty and wedge-shaped, mid-low frequency, mid-weak amplitude, bad continuity. Volcanogenitic sedimentary facies and is combination: silllike drape, mid-high frequency, strong amplitude, well continuity.
4.3 Integrated prediction of volcanic reservoir
The wave impedance inversion method was used here to predict volcanic reservoir. The tectonic evolution history as well as the development strata, occurrences and nature of fissures was modelled based on the regional tectonic stress field analysis. The gas saturation was analyzed with instantaneous wavelet technique.
The distribution of volcanic reservoir and the volcanic gas pool were studied with the methods mentioned before. The volcanic reservoir was preferable to develop in the explosive facies and the effusive facies near the crater, the local relative tectonic highs and close to the fault, the development of volcanic reservoir was controlled by the volcanic edifices. The structure -lithology gas pools are dominating in the target area. The most advantageous position for drilling situates in the local tectonic highs of fault developed zones, especially the crater area. The current research results indicate the volcanic rocks of Yingcheng formation (K_(1yc)) in Yaoyingtai region have the best exploration and development potential and.in Dongling region have better potential.
松辽盆地长岭断陷早白垩世火山岩发育,通过重磁资料发现长岭断陷的中央主要多以中低磁性的酸性火山岩发育,在盆地周边中性—中基性的安山岩、玄武岩发育。利用地震和钻井资料建立火山岩的地震响应模型。根据火山机构的物理模型特征,选择倾角和相干体两种属性识别出了火山机构的各个相带,该成果应用于火山勘探中。利用波形分类方法识别火山岩相,利用地震属性的瞬时频率、瞬时频率斜度和反射强度属性进行有利储层预测,利用波阻抗反演等方法预测火山岩有利储层的分布范围。利用构造曲率法进行了火山岩裂缝的分布规律,吸收衰减判别火山岩含气性。
在火山岩气藏的综合预测工作中,按火山机构-岩相、亚相-有利储层-含油气范围程序逐步进行,可以降低预测的多解性,提高钻探成功率。
腰英台地区营城组火山岩储层和油气综合预测的结果表明,该区气藏类型为构造—岩性气藏;区内最有利的钻探部位是:起良好通道作用的断裂发育区的局部构造高点,特别是火山口与断裂共同发育区。
China's volcanic reservoir of oil and gas exploration and development began in the 1970s, in the late 1990s by rapid development. At present, almost all of China's major oil and gas basins are discovered volcanic rocks and volcanic reservoir. China has built a large number of a certain size, certain reserves and output to the reservoir rocks consisting mainly of oil and gas fields. Comparison with other countries, our country has more development the Cenozoic volcanic reservoir of oil and gas basins in the reservoir.
Songliao Basin volcanic research began in the 20th century early 1990s, in 1996 after entering the rapid development period. Because the exploration of the actual needs of Songliao Basin volcanic reservoir studies continuously deepened in recent years in reservoir rocks and volcanic reservoir studies achieved a major breakthrough. Earthquake rocks from the non-recognition to the volcanic gas reservoir geology - earthquakes have established a comprehensive description of the corresponding series of theoretical and technical methods series. Daqing Oilfield in the current volcanic reservoir rocks and reservoir forecasts and exploration success rate of the leading international standard of living in the area, in the relevant theoretical research also living in the forefront of domestic and foreign counterparts.
Songliao Basin, the exploration of deep volcanic rocks in recent years has made significant discovery, the Daqing Oilfield in December 2005 in the Songliao Basin Xujiaweizi depression to the State Reserve Committee submitted a 1000×108m3 proved reserves of natural gas, volcanic rock that is the Songliao Deep Basin, the main reservoir. However, in the southern part of Songliao Basin in Changling faulted constantly reveals new wells, the volcanic region from Changling lithology, larger changes in the same rocks, reservoir rocks on the size and distribution of the need for further understanding.
To this end, the author relies on key projects in petrochemicals, "the Songliao Basin in Changling faulted volcanic reservoir characteristics of carry out the basic unit from the volcanic rock (volcanic bodies) point of a new awareness of volcanic reservoir characteristics of the research work. Through the volcanic reservoir description of the earthquake, in the geological model of restraint under the volcanic geology of the reservoir - comprehensive description of earthquakes, volcanic reservoir for the Fine forecast to provide a working guideline for speeding up the discovery of natural gas and improve the efficiency of exploration Important theoretical and practical significance.
This paper mainly focus on the integrated study of volcanic reservoir with cores, gravity and magnetic data, logging and seismic data in the Changling fault depression of the Songliao basin following the elemental principles of litholgoy and geophysics in order to find the effective methods to predict volcanic reservoir. According to the Songliao Basin in southern Changling faulted the delineation of gravity and magnetic data to the distribution of volcanic rocks, seismic data interpretation of the distribution of volcanic the use of statistical methods to establish geological rock phase of the relationship between the reservoir and volcanic agencies and the reservoir of the relationship The use of waveform classification identification of volcanic rock, using dip properties and coherent method of identification of the volcano; phase and the use of reservoir rocks and volcanoes, the quantitative relationship with the agency relationship between the quantitative reservoir of semi-quantitative evaluation of seismic attributes at the same time And the geological reservoir effective statistical relationship between the reservoir effective earthquake prediction, using seismic inversion forecast favorable reservoir of distribution; forecast by tectonic stress fracture to find favorable reservoir. Above geological and seismic methods of effective reservoir prediction results for effective integrated reservoir forecast.
1. Gravity and magnetic method
The lithology of basement has been classified based on the vertical secondary derivative anomaly and continuation of gravity and geomagnetism. According to the geomagnetic nature of volcanic rocks, the distribution of intermediate and basic volcanic rocks was sketched out based on the waveletes analysis.
2. Logging method
According to the logging curve comparisons, the logging characteristics of volcanic rocks have the following principles. The rhyolite shows high natural gamma, electrical resistivity and low acoustic interval transit time (high velocity). The intermediate volcanic rocks, such as andesite, show high natural gamma and electrical resistivity and low acoustic interval transit time (high velocity). In general, from the basic volcanic rock to felsic volcanic rock, the radioactivity increases, the neutron response descends, the density decreases. Low electrical resistivity and high acoustic interval transit time are the unique characteristics of tuff.
Element Capture Spectroscopy (ECS) data was employed to classify the volcanic rocks and to calculate the rock matrix parameters, that is, the ECS data was effective to recognize the lithology of volcanic rocks. The porosity of volcanic rocks can be recognized according to the density logging and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging as well as the rock matrix parameters calculated based on the ECS data. The effectivity of volcanic reservoir can be classified based on the porosity. The capillary pressure curve was calculated from the T2 distribution spectrum of NMR, then, the gas bedding was recognized based on the fluid saturation which was calculated based on the capillary pressure curve and the free water interface.
3. Seismic reflection features analysis and recognition techniques
The recognition resolution of seismic reflection to the deep volcanic reservoirs and the relationship among various wavelets were studied based on the wavelet forward of different frequency, thus, the recognition capability of current seismic data was deduced. The position and the spatial distribution of volcanic rocks were accurately sketched out with volcanic rocks orientated technique, for instance, the pre-stack depth migration technique and the unconventional section of seismic facies. 4. Integrated prediction of volcanic reservoir
4.1 Prediction of development zones of volcanic craters
The distribution and spatial extension of craters in the target area were recognized with coherence, dipping angle as well as various time slices of seismic data.
4.2 the prediction of lateral distribution of volcanic facies
The lateral distribution of volcanic facies was predicted with waveform clustering analysis method based on the distribution features in single well and the corresponding seismic reflection of volcanic rocks. The volcanic facies shows the following seismic reflection features. Volcanic vent facies: asymmetric acetabuliform, lenticular or wedge-shaped, low-middle frequency, weak-strong amplitude, bad continuity. Volcanic vent facies fingered with middle and lower subfacies of effusive facies in lateral. Explosive facies: sheet drape, slaty and wedge-shaped, and silllike drape, mid-low frequency and some is mid-high frequency, weak-mid amplitude and some is mid-strong amplitude, middle-well continuity and infrequent some is bad continuity. Effusive facies: wedge-shaped, sill-like drape, slaty and lenticular, mid-low frequency and some is mid-high frequency, mid-weak amplitude and some is mid-strong amplitude, middle-bad continuity and some is middle-well continuity. Extrusive facies: asymmetric bosslike, lenticular, slaty and wedge-shaped, mid-low frequency, mid-weak amplitude, bad continuity. Volcanogenitic sedimentary facies: silllike drape, mid-high frequency, strong amplitude, well continuity.
Volcanic vent facies and its combination: asymmetric acetabuliform, lenticular or wedge-shaped, low-middle frequency, weak-strong amplitude, bad continuity. Volcanic vent facies fingered with middle and lower subfacies of effusive facies in lateral.
Explosive facies and is combination: sheet drape, slaty and wedge-shaped, and silllike drape, mid-low frequency and some is mid-high frequency, weak-mid amplitude and some is mid-strong amplitude, middle-well continuity and infrequent some is bad continuity.
Effusive facies and is combination: wedge-shaped, silllike drape, slaty and lenticular, mid-low frequency and some is mid-high frequency, mid-weak amplitude and some is mid-strong amplitude, middle-bad continuity and some is middle-well continuity.
Extrusive facies and is combination: asymmetric bosslike, lenticular, slaty and wedge-shaped, mid-low frequency, mid-weak amplitude, bad continuity. Volcanogenitic sedimentary facies and is combination: silllike drape, mid-high frequency, strong amplitude, well continuity.
4.3 Integrated prediction of volcanic reservoir
The wave impedance inversion method was used here to predict volcanic reservoir. The tectonic evolution history as well as the development strata, occurrences and nature of fissures was modelled based on the regional tectonic stress field analysis. The gas saturation was analyzed with instantaneous wavelet technique.
The distribution of volcanic reservoir and the volcanic gas pool were studied with the methods mentioned before. The volcanic reservoir was preferable to develop in the explosive facies and the effusive facies near the crater, the local relative tectonic highs and close to the fault, the development of volcanic reservoir was controlled by the volcanic edifices. The structure -lithology gas pools are dominating in the target area. The most advantageous position for drilling situates in the local tectonic highs of fault developed zones, especially the crater area. The current research results indicate the volcanic rocks of Yingcheng formation (K_(1yc)) in Yaoyingtai region have the best exploration and development potential and.in Dongling region have better potential.
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