基于GIS的区域公路地质灾害管理与空间决策支持系统研究
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摘要
我国西部山区地质灾害类型繁多,分布广泛,特别是滑坡、崩塌与泥石流的影响最为直接、危害最大,给公路建设和运营以及人民的生命和财产安全产生极大的威胁。研究整个区域及公路沿线地质灾害的危险性评价、地质灾害时空预测预报技术,实现地质灾害时间与空间预测预报,对地质灾害的减灾与防灾具有十分重要的意义。
结合信息技术和GIS技术,论文深入研究区域公路地质灾害危险性区划,地质灾害时空预测预报理论,设计并实现了区域公路地质灾害管理与空间决策支持系统。主要研究成果如下:
1、在深入研究区域公路地质灾害空间危险性区划评价指标体系、评价模型和方法的基础上,创建基于梯形模糊数的主观权重模型和基于熵值的客观权重模型,丰富了地质灾害空间危险性评价方法体系。
2、研究地质灾害发生与降水过程关系,运用雨量模型进行雨量危险性预测。并将区域地质灾害危险性区划与降雨参数等因素叠加,建立研究区地质灾害气象预警判据,生成区域地质-气象联合预警图。
3、对已有的滑坡预测理论、判据和方法进行归纳分析,引入准确性矩阵,建立滑坡位移联合预测模型,解决多模型预测结果取舍和模型可靠性评判问题。对滑坡变形阶段识别,提出基于可拓学的综合评判模型。
4、为了高效管理多源、多元的区域公路地质灾害海量数据,参考相关规范建立了专用的数据标准,构建了区域公路地质灾害数据模型:区划数据模型和地质灾害项目数据模型。结合企业级的Geodatabase地理数据模型,按概念模型、逻辑模型和物理模型逐步创建了基于Geodatabase区域公路地质灾害中心数据库。
5、建立了基于WebGIS的贵州省公路地质灾害监测、分析、评价、预报和预警系统,以电子地图为主体,以区域-公路-灾害点为主线,从面、线、点全方位实现地质灾害基本信息、监测信息、气象信息、预警预报信息的一体化网络远程发布。
Varieties of geological hazards distribute in the west mountain area of China. Landslides, rockfalls and debris flows are the most dangerous geological hazards, which seriously threat the lives and properties of the local people and impede the local economic development. It is meaningful to work for disaster prevention and disaster alleviation to establish a landslides susceptibility map of the region or the area along main road and to study on the technologies of geological hazard spatial temporal prediction and forecasting.
Combining the information technology and Geographic Information System technology, the dissertation has researched on region-scale road landslide susceptibility mapping, geological hazard spatial temporal prediction and has established a region-scale road geological hazard information-management and spatial decision-support system based on WebGIS. The achievements of the research work are as followings:
1. Building a subjective weighting model based on trapezoidal fuzzy number and a objective weighting model based on entropy theory on the basis of thorough reviewing and researching on landslides susceptibility mapping index system which constructed by several geological hazard potential factors, geological hazard evaluation models and methods, as has enriched methodological system of landslides susceptibility mapping.
2. Establishing regional geo-meteorology criterions, generating the geo-meteorology early-warning map through combining landslide susceptibility map with rainfall-based landslide prediction by studying rainfall-based landslide prediction using rainfall models which is induced from the relations between landslide events and rainfall.
3. Establishing an accuracy matrix, forming a multi-model joint landslide prediction model by summarizing and analyzing the former theories, criterions and methods of landslide prediction, creating a comprehensive determination model based on extension theory to distinguish landslide deformation stage to judge landslide prediction models and results objectively.
4. Establishing a special data standard by referring relevant codes, setting up two data management models for regional road geological hazard: landslide susceptibility mapping data model and geological hazard project data model, to effectively manage multi-source and various formats geo-hazard massive data. Furthermore, creating a regional road geo-hazard database based on Geodatabase by combining enterprise Geodatabase in the steps of conceptual model, logical model and physical model.
5. Completing Guizhou Province Road Geo-hazard Information Management and Decision Support System based on WebGIS to realize road geo-hazard monitoring, analysis, evaluation, prediction and alarming. With the system, geo-hazard general information, monitoring information, meteorological information and prediction information could be remote distributed in electronic map form on Internet according a main clue of region-road-geological hazard point.
结合信息技术和GIS技术,论文深入研究区域公路地质灾害危险性区划,地质灾害时空预测预报理论,设计并实现了区域公路地质灾害管理与空间决策支持系统。主要研究成果如下:
1、在深入研究区域公路地质灾害空间危险性区划评价指标体系、评价模型和方法的基础上,创建基于梯形模糊数的主观权重模型和基于熵值的客观权重模型,丰富了地质灾害空间危险性评价方法体系。
2、研究地质灾害发生与降水过程关系,运用雨量模型进行雨量危险性预测。并将区域地质灾害危险性区划与降雨参数等因素叠加,建立研究区地质灾害气象预警判据,生成区域地质-气象联合预警图。
3、对已有的滑坡预测理论、判据和方法进行归纳分析,引入准确性矩阵,建立滑坡位移联合预测模型,解决多模型预测结果取舍和模型可靠性评判问题。对滑坡变形阶段识别,提出基于可拓学的综合评判模型。
4、为了高效管理多源、多元的区域公路地质灾害海量数据,参考相关规范建立了专用的数据标准,构建了区域公路地质灾害数据模型:区划数据模型和地质灾害项目数据模型。结合企业级的Geodatabase地理数据模型,按概念模型、逻辑模型和物理模型逐步创建了基于Geodatabase区域公路地质灾害中心数据库。
5、建立了基于WebGIS的贵州省公路地质灾害监测、分析、评价、预报和预警系统,以电子地图为主体,以区域-公路-灾害点为主线,从面、线、点全方位实现地质灾害基本信息、监测信息、气象信息、预警预报信息的一体化网络远程发布。
Varieties of geological hazards distribute in the west mountain area of China. Landslides, rockfalls and debris flows are the most dangerous geological hazards, which seriously threat the lives and properties of the local people and impede the local economic development. It is meaningful to work for disaster prevention and disaster alleviation to establish a landslides susceptibility map of the region or the area along main road and to study on the technologies of geological hazard spatial temporal prediction and forecasting.
Combining the information technology and Geographic Information System technology, the dissertation has researched on region-scale road landslide susceptibility mapping, geological hazard spatial temporal prediction and has established a region-scale road geological hazard information-management and spatial decision-support system based on WebGIS. The achievements of the research work are as followings:
1. Building a subjective weighting model based on trapezoidal fuzzy number and a objective weighting model based on entropy theory on the basis of thorough reviewing and researching on landslides susceptibility mapping index system which constructed by several geological hazard potential factors, geological hazard evaluation models and methods, as has enriched methodological system of landslides susceptibility mapping.
2. Establishing regional geo-meteorology criterions, generating the geo-meteorology early-warning map through combining landslide susceptibility map with rainfall-based landslide prediction by studying rainfall-based landslide prediction using rainfall models which is induced from the relations between landslide events and rainfall.
3. Establishing an accuracy matrix, forming a multi-model joint landslide prediction model by summarizing and analyzing the former theories, criterions and methods of landslide prediction, creating a comprehensive determination model based on extension theory to distinguish landslide deformation stage to judge landslide prediction models and results objectively.
4. Establishing a special data standard by referring relevant codes, setting up two data management models for regional road geological hazard: landslide susceptibility mapping data model and geological hazard project data model, to effectively manage multi-source and various formats geo-hazard massive data. Furthermore, creating a regional road geo-hazard database based on Geodatabase by combining enterprise Geodatabase in the steps of conceptual model, logical model and physical model.
5. Completing Guizhou Province Road Geo-hazard Information Management and Decision Support System based on WebGIS to realize road geo-hazard monitoring, analysis, evaluation, prediction and alarming. With the system, geo-hazard general information, monitoring information, meteorological information and prediction information could be remote distributed in electronic map form on Internet according a main clue of region-road-geological hazard point.
引文
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