WTO后过渡期黑龙江省农产品出口贸易问题研究
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摘要
在“WTO后过渡期”,一些经过三年适度保护的产业领域将陆续结束过渡期,开始到达“入世”承诺的终极目标。在农业领域,我国步入“WTO后过渡期”以后,WTO规则下的农产品贸易要求各国只能通过有限关税措施对农产品进口进行限制,不能或尽量减少非关税使用。而随着各国国内农产品市场的逐步放开,和各个区域农业政策不同而导致农产品国际贸易不能完全按照自由贸易原则进行,随着加入WTO农产品贸易和市场更加开放,我国农产品整体竞争力的降低将成为不可逆转的趋势,在复杂的国际形势下,我国农产品贸易面临着各种压力和风险。本文以“WTO后过渡期黑龙江省农产品出口贸易问题研究”为题对黑龙江省在“WTO后过渡期”的农产品出口贸易进行深入的分析研究。即从WTO规则解读和黑龙江省农产品出口政策研究出发,以国内外相关理论为基础,研究区域农产品出口与WTO规则应用,根据黑龙江省的农产品出口贸易及政策体系现状,建立黑龙江省农产品的WTO农业政策干预模型,并以设置不同参数组的方式,对黑龙江省粮食、畜牧产品和果蔬产品出口政策的评价实现良好的适应性和拟合优度,并根据模型预测和评价,针对黑龙江省农产品出口贸易相关政策和措施调整,提出建议。
通过对WTO相关规则阐述与解释,国内外应对措施和相应效果与政策调整,结合黑龙江省农产品出口贸易实际状况,分析黑龙江省运用这些规则和措施的效果,并且建立评价指标体系,建立模型实证考查政策变化对黑龙江省农业贸易的影响,并在实证基础上给出相应的政策建议。分别从理论基础、宏观政策分析、黑龙江省省情、评价指标体系及应用、模型实证与政策建议等几个层次展开分析和论述。首先,主要讨论贸易政策与格局演变下,世界各国的应对措施和效果,为本文的研究提供了现实参考,提出本文的逻辑框架,并着重谈论农业协议产生过程和主要内容,其次,对包括中国农业政策在入市后的调整与适应,应用规则前提下国内农业的支持内容与作用,与国外农业支持政策的不同与对比在内的内容进行了探讨和研究,在历史分析和国内外对比的基础上,提出优化和完善我国农业国内支持政策的相应对策措施。再次,在前几部分中的理论阐述和中国应对农业开放对策措施基础上,对黑龙江省实际进行实证,并且通过建立出口效率的评价指标体系定量测量了黑龙江省农产品出口的效率,通过政策干预模型的建立与应用,考查了建立WTO后过渡期黑龙江省农产品出口中存在的诸多问题。最后,是全文总结和对策建议,主要对以上分析得出的基本结论进行总结和概括,提出利用规则前提下促进黑龙江省农产品国际贸易的相关对策措施。
本文系统地对WTO规则、WTO后过渡期的特征、黑龙江省农产品出口贸易的现状、存在的问题以及发展趋势进行分析,同时分析区域政策对农产品出口贸易的影响。以国内支持、财政补贴、市场准入和动植物卫生为重点,分析了我国在WTO后过渡期政策层面调整应对复杂的农产品国际贸易环境,其中分析了黑龙江省的农产品出口贸易问题。提出应充分利用国际分工和黑龙江省的比较优势,打好品牌战略。利用黑龙江省的土地和水资源优势及气候条件,发展本省的支柱产品出口,如黑龙江的大豆产业可以利用我国特殊的劳动力资源优势,加强农产品贸易加工产品的出口。先进的农产品加工是提升产品质量与竞争力,提高农业效益的重要途径。增强农产品加工环节,加强农产品出口贸易是一项既扩大出口又解决过多剩余劳动力资源的好方法。继续加强对俄罗斯的边境贸易,进一步开发日本、朝鲜、韩国等国家的边境贸易及非洲国家的市场。中俄有着超过4300公里的共同边界,交通运输条件便捷,地缘优势突出。近年来中俄经贸合作日趋活跃,为中国进一步扩大农产品对俄出口创造了有利的外部环境,并有利于进一步开发黑龙江省农产品出口的潜力。建立健全农产品出口质量监管体制。现行的出口农产品质量管理体制仍存在多头管理、分而治之的现象。如畜禽产品,出口过程中国内的商检部门要检测检疫,畜牧部门也要检测检疫,而且部门之间宽严不同,标准不一。这种多头检、重复检、矛盾检的做法,不仅令出口企业左右为难,增加不必要的负担,而且使出口产品质量得不到根本保证。完善基础设施,提高农产品附加值。这是扩大农产品贸易强化硬件和改善软件的需要,条件成熟时可在俄境内选择适宜地点建立仓储基地或批发中心,同时发展果蔬产品的加工业务,开发果汁、罐头及各类深加工产品,提高对俄出口农产品的附加值。建立健全应对预警机制。健全应对预警机制可以及时指导企业改进生产,提高产品质量,规避出口风险,改进企业管理和积极参加应诉工作,以确保黑龙江省出口贸易发展。
本研究从区域农业品出口政策调整的角度来分析黑龙江省农产品出口贸易问题,不仅局限于对作为外因的WTO规则的解读,还进一步对显著影响区域农产品出口贸易的区域政策制度的演变和调整进行分析。在评价指标体系的建立上,由于政策及其效应研究问题的性质,大量引入定性变量,以点带面,构建出完整并且真实的政策评价指标体系,对政策干预的影响,建立干预分析模型,研究农产品出口问题,并进行了统计分析和预测。
In "WTO post-transition period", some modest protection after three years of industry will be the end of the transition period, began to arrive, "WTO" commitment to the ultimate goal. In agriculture, China entered the "WTO post-transition period" after, WTO rules require countries of agricultural trade is limited only by tariff measures to restrict imports of agricultural products, can not or minimize the use of non-tariff. With the national step-by-step liberalization of agricultural markets, and the regional differences in agricultural policies led to international trade of agricultural products can not be completely carried out in accordance with the principles of free trade, with the accession to WTO agricultural trade and more open markets, China's overall competitiveness of agricultural products will reduce the become an irreversible trend in the complex international situation, China's trade in agricultural products are faced with various pressures and risks. Against this background, this article in order to "WTO transitional period following the export of Heilongjiang Province, on trade issues of agricultural research" as the title of Heilongjiang Province in the "WTO transitional period after the" export trade of agricultural products to conduct in-depth analysis. The main purpose of the study is to interpret WTO rules in Heilongjiang Province and Policy Research from exports of agricultural products to domestic and foreign-related theory, the study area of agricultural exports and the application of WTO rules, according to the Heilongjiang provincial export trade of agricultural products and the status quo policy system, the establishment of Heilongjiang Province WTO agricultural model of agricultural policy interventions and to set up groups of different parameters by means of Heilongjiang grain, livestock products and fruit and vegetable exports to achieve a good assessment of policy adaptability and goodness of fit, and in accordance with the model prediction and evaluation , Heilongjiang Province, for exports of agricultural products trade-related adjustment of policies and measures are proposed.
Based on the WTO and the interpretation of the relevant rules, both at home and abroad and the corresponding effects of response measures and policy adjustments, focusing on combining Heilongjiang Province the actual situation of agricultural export trade, analysis of the use of these rules in Heilongjiang Province and measures, and to establish evaluation index system, the establishment of model empirical test of the policy change on agricultural trade, and based on the evidence given in the corresponding policy recommendations. From the theoretical basis for macro-policy analysis, Heilongjiang province, the evaluation index system and the application of empirical models and policy proposals on several levels, such as analysis and discussion started. First of all, focus on trade policy and the pattern of evolution of the world's response to and effectiveness of research for this article provides a practical reference, the logical framework of this article, and agricultural agreement focuses on the main contents of the process and, secondly, to include China agricultural policy in the market's adjustment and adaptation, under the premise of the application of the rules of domestic agricultural support and the role of content, with the foreign policy of agricultural support and contrast different content, including the exploration and study, both at home and abroad in the history of analysis and comparison based on the optimization and improvement of China's agricultural domestic support policies of the corresponding measures. Third, the former parts of the theoretical explanations and China opening up measures to deal with agriculture, based on the actual conduct of empirical Heilongjiang Province, and exports through the establishment of evaluation index system of efficient quantitative measurement of the Heilongjiang Province of the efficiency of agricultural exports, through policy intervention model Establishment and applications, to examine the establishment of the transitional period after WTO agricultural exports in Heilongjiang Province of the many problems that exist. Finally, is the full text of the summary and suggestions, mainly drawn from the above analysis of the basic summary and summary of conclusions and put forward the premise that the use of rules to promote international trade of agricultural products in Heilongjiang Province, the relevant measures.
In this paper, the system of WTO rules, WTO transitional period after the characteristic of agricultural export trade of Heilongjiang Province of the status quo, existing problems and development trends in a detailed analysis, at the same time a systematic analysis of regional policies on the agricultural export trade. To domestic support, financial subsidies, market access and animal and plant health for the pilot, focusing on an analysis of China's post-WTO transitional period to adjust the policy level to deal with complex international trade environment for agricultural products, which focus on an analysis of Heilongjiang Province, on trade issues of agricultural exports.
In the concluding part of this paper should be made full use of the international division of labor and the comparative advantages of Heilongjiang Province, to lay a good brand strategy. Heilongjiang Province, the use of land and water resources advantages and climatic conditions, the development of the pillars of the province's exports, such as the soybean industry in Heilongjiang in China can make use of the special advantages of the labor resources to strengthen agricultural trade exports of processed products. Advanced processing of agricultural products is to enhance product quality and competitiveness, to improve agricultural efficiency an important way. Enhance the processing of agricultural products, to strengthen the export trade of agricultural products is an expansion of exports and the surplus labor force to solve too many resources appropriately. Continue to strengthen Russia's border trade, the further development of Japan, North Korea, South Korea and other countries and African countries, the border trade market. China and Russia have more than 4300 km common border, and convenient transportation conditions, highlight the geographical advantage. Sino-Russian economic and trade cooperation in recent years become increasingly active, in order to further expand China's exports of agricultural products to Russia to create a favorable external environment and is conducive to the further development of Heilongjiang Province, the potential of agricultural exports. Establish and improve the exports of agricultural products quality control system. The existing quality management system of export of agricultural products there are still multiple management, divide and rule phenomenon. Such as livestock and poultry products, domestic export commodity inspection process to detect and quarantine sector, the livestock sector to detect and quarantine, and宽严between the different standards. This multi-Frederick, Frederick duplication, contradictions and seizure has not only made the dilemma export enterprises to increase the burden of unnecessary, but also the quality of export products are not the fundamental guarantee. Improve infrastructure, increase the value-added agricultural products. This is to strengthen the expansion of trade in agricultural products to improve the hardware and software needs, conditions are ripe in the Russian territory of locations to choose suitable base or wholesale storage centers and product development of fruit and vegetable processing business, the development of fruit juice, canned food and all kinds of deep processing of products, improve the the added value of export of agricultural products to Russia. Establish a sound early warning mechanism to deal with. Sound early warning mechanism to deal with timely guidance to enterprises to improve production, improve product quality, to avoid export risks, and improve enterprise management and the active participation of the respondent to ensure that the development of export trade of Heilongjiang Province.
This article focused on the topics of innovation, research methods, research point of view, etc., from the subjects of this study on agricultural exports from the region in terms of policy analysis of agricultural export trade of Heilongjiang Province, not only limited to the WTO rules as the external interpretation of further significant impact on regional trade in agricultural exports of the evolution of regional policies and systems analysis and adjustment, therefore, this choice has some innovative. In the evaluation index system, due to policies and their effect of the nature of the problem, in this study, the evaluation index system of study, the large scale introduction of qualitative variables, a point to face, to build a complete and true evaluation of the policy system. Methods in the study of the impact of policy interventions, the establishment of intervention analysis model to study the issue of agricultural exports, and a statistical analysis and forecasting.
通过对WTO相关规则阐述与解释,国内外应对措施和相应效果与政策调整,结合黑龙江省农产品出口贸易实际状况,分析黑龙江省运用这些规则和措施的效果,并且建立评价指标体系,建立模型实证考查政策变化对黑龙江省农业贸易的影响,并在实证基础上给出相应的政策建议。分别从理论基础、宏观政策分析、黑龙江省省情、评价指标体系及应用、模型实证与政策建议等几个层次展开分析和论述。首先,主要讨论贸易政策与格局演变下,世界各国的应对措施和效果,为本文的研究提供了现实参考,提出本文的逻辑框架,并着重谈论农业协议产生过程和主要内容,其次,对包括中国农业政策在入市后的调整与适应,应用规则前提下国内农业的支持内容与作用,与国外农业支持政策的不同与对比在内的内容进行了探讨和研究,在历史分析和国内外对比的基础上,提出优化和完善我国农业国内支持政策的相应对策措施。再次,在前几部分中的理论阐述和中国应对农业开放对策措施基础上,对黑龙江省实际进行实证,并且通过建立出口效率的评价指标体系定量测量了黑龙江省农产品出口的效率,通过政策干预模型的建立与应用,考查了建立WTO后过渡期黑龙江省农产品出口中存在的诸多问题。最后,是全文总结和对策建议,主要对以上分析得出的基本结论进行总结和概括,提出利用规则前提下促进黑龙江省农产品国际贸易的相关对策措施。
本文系统地对WTO规则、WTO后过渡期的特征、黑龙江省农产品出口贸易的现状、存在的问题以及发展趋势进行分析,同时分析区域政策对农产品出口贸易的影响。以国内支持、财政补贴、市场准入和动植物卫生为重点,分析了我国在WTO后过渡期政策层面调整应对复杂的农产品国际贸易环境,其中分析了黑龙江省的农产品出口贸易问题。提出应充分利用国际分工和黑龙江省的比较优势,打好品牌战略。利用黑龙江省的土地和水资源优势及气候条件,发展本省的支柱产品出口,如黑龙江的大豆产业可以利用我国特殊的劳动力资源优势,加强农产品贸易加工产品的出口。先进的农产品加工是提升产品质量与竞争力,提高农业效益的重要途径。增强农产品加工环节,加强农产品出口贸易是一项既扩大出口又解决过多剩余劳动力资源的好方法。继续加强对俄罗斯的边境贸易,进一步开发日本、朝鲜、韩国等国家的边境贸易及非洲国家的市场。中俄有着超过4300公里的共同边界,交通运输条件便捷,地缘优势突出。近年来中俄经贸合作日趋活跃,为中国进一步扩大农产品对俄出口创造了有利的外部环境,并有利于进一步开发黑龙江省农产品出口的潜力。建立健全农产品出口质量监管体制。现行的出口农产品质量管理体制仍存在多头管理、分而治之的现象。如畜禽产品,出口过程中国内的商检部门要检测检疫,畜牧部门也要检测检疫,而且部门之间宽严不同,标准不一。这种多头检、重复检、矛盾检的做法,不仅令出口企业左右为难,增加不必要的负担,而且使出口产品质量得不到根本保证。完善基础设施,提高农产品附加值。这是扩大农产品贸易强化硬件和改善软件的需要,条件成熟时可在俄境内选择适宜地点建立仓储基地或批发中心,同时发展果蔬产品的加工业务,开发果汁、罐头及各类深加工产品,提高对俄出口农产品的附加值。建立健全应对预警机制。健全应对预警机制可以及时指导企业改进生产,提高产品质量,规避出口风险,改进企业管理和积极参加应诉工作,以确保黑龙江省出口贸易发展。
本研究从区域农业品出口政策调整的角度来分析黑龙江省农产品出口贸易问题,不仅局限于对作为外因的WTO规则的解读,还进一步对显著影响区域农产品出口贸易的区域政策制度的演变和调整进行分析。在评价指标体系的建立上,由于政策及其效应研究问题的性质,大量引入定性变量,以点带面,构建出完整并且真实的政策评价指标体系,对政策干预的影响,建立干预分析模型,研究农产品出口问题,并进行了统计分析和预测。
In "WTO post-transition period", some modest protection after three years of industry will be the end of the transition period, began to arrive, "WTO" commitment to the ultimate goal. In agriculture, China entered the "WTO post-transition period" after, WTO rules require countries of agricultural trade is limited only by tariff measures to restrict imports of agricultural products, can not or minimize the use of non-tariff. With the national step-by-step liberalization of agricultural markets, and the regional differences in agricultural policies led to international trade of agricultural products can not be completely carried out in accordance with the principles of free trade, with the accession to WTO agricultural trade and more open markets, China's overall competitiveness of agricultural products will reduce the become an irreversible trend in the complex international situation, China's trade in agricultural products are faced with various pressures and risks. Against this background, this article in order to "WTO transitional period following the export of Heilongjiang Province, on trade issues of agricultural research" as the title of Heilongjiang Province in the "WTO transitional period after the" export trade of agricultural products to conduct in-depth analysis. The main purpose of the study is to interpret WTO rules in Heilongjiang Province and Policy Research from exports of agricultural products to domestic and foreign-related theory, the study area of agricultural exports and the application of WTO rules, according to the Heilongjiang provincial export trade of agricultural products and the status quo policy system, the establishment of Heilongjiang Province WTO agricultural model of agricultural policy interventions and to set up groups of different parameters by means of Heilongjiang grain, livestock products and fruit and vegetable exports to achieve a good assessment of policy adaptability and goodness of fit, and in accordance with the model prediction and evaluation , Heilongjiang Province, for exports of agricultural products trade-related adjustment of policies and measures are proposed.
Based on the WTO and the interpretation of the relevant rules, both at home and abroad and the corresponding effects of response measures and policy adjustments, focusing on combining Heilongjiang Province the actual situation of agricultural export trade, analysis of the use of these rules in Heilongjiang Province and measures, and to establish evaluation index system, the establishment of model empirical test of the policy change on agricultural trade, and based on the evidence given in the corresponding policy recommendations. From the theoretical basis for macro-policy analysis, Heilongjiang province, the evaluation index system and the application of empirical models and policy proposals on several levels, such as analysis and discussion started. First of all, focus on trade policy and the pattern of evolution of the world's response to and effectiveness of research for this article provides a practical reference, the logical framework of this article, and agricultural agreement focuses on the main contents of the process and, secondly, to include China agricultural policy in the market's adjustment and adaptation, under the premise of the application of the rules of domestic agricultural support and the role of content, with the foreign policy of agricultural support and contrast different content, including the exploration and study, both at home and abroad in the history of analysis and comparison based on the optimization and improvement of China's agricultural domestic support policies of the corresponding measures. Third, the former parts of the theoretical explanations and China opening up measures to deal with agriculture, based on the actual conduct of empirical Heilongjiang Province, and exports through the establishment of evaluation index system of efficient quantitative measurement of the Heilongjiang Province of the efficiency of agricultural exports, through policy intervention model Establishment and applications, to examine the establishment of the transitional period after WTO agricultural exports in Heilongjiang Province of the many problems that exist. Finally, is the full text of the summary and suggestions, mainly drawn from the above analysis of the basic summary and summary of conclusions and put forward the premise that the use of rules to promote international trade of agricultural products in Heilongjiang Province, the relevant measures.
In this paper, the system of WTO rules, WTO transitional period after the characteristic of agricultural export trade of Heilongjiang Province of the status quo, existing problems and development trends in a detailed analysis, at the same time a systematic analysis of regional policies on the agricultural export trade. To domestic support, financial subsidies, market access and animal and plant health for the pilot, focusing on an analysis of China's post-WTO transitional period to adjust the policy level to deal with complex international trade environment for agricultural products, which focus on an analysis of Heilongjiang Province, on trade issues of agricultural exports.
In the concluding part of this paper should be made full use of the international division of labor and the comparative advantages of Heilongjiang Province, to lay a good brand strategy. Heilongjiang Province, the use of land and water resources advantages and climatic conditions, the development of the pillars of the province's exports, such as the soybean industry in Heilongjiang in China can make use of the special advantages of the labor resources to strengthen agricultural trade exports of processed products. Advanced processing of agricultural products is to enhance product quality and competitiveness, to improve agricultural efficiency an important way. Enhance the processing of agricultural products, to strengthen the export trade of agricultural products is an expansion of exports and the surplus labor force to solve too many resources appropriately. Continue to strengthen Russia's border trade, the further development of Japan, North Korea, South Korea and other countries and African countries, the border trade market. China and Russia have more than 4300 km common border, and convenient transportation conditions, highlight the geographical advantage. Sino-Russian economic and trade cooperation in recent years become increasingly active, in order to further expand China's exports of agricultural products to Russia to create a favorable external environment and is conducive to the further development of Heilongjiang Province, the potential of agricultural exports. Establish and improve the exports of agricultural products quality control system. The existing quality management system of export of agricultural products there are still multiple management, divide and rule phenomenon. Such as livestock and poultry products, domestic export commodity inspection process to detect and quarantine sector, the livestock sector to detect and quarantine, and宽严between the different standards. This multi-Frederick, Frederick duplication, contradictions and seizure has not only made the dilemma export enterprises to increase the burden of unnecessary, but also the quality of export products are not the fundamental guarantee. Improve infrastructure, increase the value-added agricultural products. This is to strengthen the expansion of trade in agricultural products to improve the hardware and software needs, conditions are ripe in the Russian territory of locations to choose suitable base or wholesale storage centers and product development of fruit and vegetable processing business, the development of fruit juice, canned food and all kinds of deep processing of products, improve the the added value of export of agricultural products to Russia. Establish a sound early warning mechanism to deal with. Sound early warning mechanism to deal with timely guidance to enterprises to improve production, improve product quality, to avoid export risks, and improve enterprise management and the active participation of the respondent to ensure that the development of export trade of Heilongjiang Province.
This article focused on the topics of innovation, research methods, research point of view, etc., from the subjects of this study on agricultural exports from the region in terms of policy analysis of agricultural export trade of Heilongjiang Province, not only limited to the WTO rules as the external interpretation of further significant impact on regional trade in agricultural exports of the evolution of regional policies and systems analysis and adjustment, therefore, this choice has some innovative. In the evaluation index system, due to policies and their effect of the nature of the problem, in this study, the evaluation index system of study, the large scale introduction of qualitative variables, a point to face, to build a complete and true evaluation of the policy system. Methods in the study of the impact of policy interventions, the establishment of intervention analysis model to study the issue of agricultural exports, and a statistical analysis and forecasting.
引文
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