深井综放沿空巷道围岩变形演化规律及控制
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摘要
深井综放沿空掘巷围岩稳定问题是目前煤矿开采和岩石力学研究的难点和热点之一,尽管目前有关深部巷道围岩破坏失稳的机理及其相关研究已经取得了许多进展,但由于研究问题的复杂性,现有的巷道破坏机理及稳定控制的研究尚不成熟,尤其缺乏对深部综放开采沿空掘巷围岩变形破坏演化过程的研究。
本文结合国家自然科学基金重大项目“深部采动覆岩移动规律及巷道稳定性控制研究(50490273)”以及面上项目“深部巷道围岩变形、破坏全过程及其稳定控制机理(50674083)”,以目前我国煤矿井工开采生产能力最大的兖州煤业股份有限公司东滩矿为工程背景,充分考虑深井综放开采沿空掘巷及受采动围岩的位移场、应力场的演化过程及破坏特征,在总结和吸取前人研究成果基础上,通过三维数值模拟、物理模拟试验、理论解析及现场巷道围岩采动前后全过程实测的综合技术路线,对其进行了深入系统的研究。
(1)基于采场覆岩关键层理论和经典力学理论,对深井综放开采沿空巷道的上覆岩层运动规律及沿空掘巷围岩变形机理进行理论分析,建立了相应的力学模型并进行了解析公式的推导,获得了综放沿空掘巷三角块结构稳定性系数及围岩应力分布规律;以工程原型为背景深入分析深井综放沿空掘巷围岩稳定机理,确定了沿空巷道围岩稳定的主要影响因素及相互作用关系。
(2)在相似材料模拟实验台上,模拟研究了目前煤矿常用三种支护结构的性能差异,分析不同煤柱宽度和开采深度条件下主动支护和被动支护对巷道围岩应力和位移的影响规律及其力学作用机理,进而对锚梁网索联合支护结构的稳定性效果进行分析,得出了锚索在沿空掘巷支护中的作用机理与使用条件,提出了巷道“高强度整体支护”的技术思路。
(3)采用FLAC3D软件,数值模拟研究了不同煤柱宽度、不同埋深及采动前后沿空巷道的围岩内部位移、周边收敛变形与围岩应力的演化规律,获得了沿空掘巷在采动条件下围岩稳定性随影响因素的变化规律,提出了深井综放沿空巷道围岩控制“抗、固、卸”的新思路以及“过程控制”与“动态迭加支护”的新观点。
(4)针对14309综放沿空掘巷的具体条件,研究确定了其合理煤柱宽度为4m;设计了“强力锚固支护系统与注浆加固以及采动影响时的煤帮钻孔卸压和顶板超前加强支护”的技术方案;实测研究了现场沿空煤巷掘进至工作面采动影响结束全过程的围岩内部位移、周边位移、围岩应力及锚杆支护力的变化规律,验证了理论研究成果的可靠性,有效地控制了巷道的围岩变形,成功的进行了工业性试验,取得了良好的技术经济效益。
It is one of the difficult and hot research issues in the fields of coal mining and rock mechanics to study the support of gob-side entries in deep mines. At present some research progresses have been made on the failure mechanism of gob-side entries in deep mines. However, the existing research findings still are incomplete due to the complexity of the research issues. For example, there are few research findings on the evolvement law of rock deformation around the gob-side entry of fully mechanized top-coal caving faces in deep mines.
Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50490273,50674083) and taking the gob-side entry of 14309 Mining Face of Dongtan Colliery as the engineering background, this dissertation makes deep and systematic research on the evolvement law and control technology of rock deformation around the gob-side entry of fully mechanized top-coal caving faces in deep mines. Based on the research achievement made by former scholars, this paper mainly deals with the evolving process of stress and displacement of rocks around deep gob-side entries by means of physical and numerical simulation, theoretical resolution and in-situ measurement.
(1) Based on the theory of key strata and elasto-plastic mechanics, the behavior of overburden strata and the deformation mechanism of surrounding rocks of deep gob-side entries are theoretically analyzed. The mechanical models of key stratum and surrounding rocks are established, and the analytical formulas that reflect the stability of key triangular rock block and the stress and displacement of surrounding rocks are derived. The stability mechanism of the surrounding rocks is deeply analyzed under the engineering background of the gob-side entry of 14309 Mining Face. Furthermore, the main influencing factors of surrounding rock stability and their interrelation are analyzed.
(2) The performance of three common support structures in coal mines is investigated by physical simulation on two test beds. Under the conditions of different mining depths and pillar widths, the effect of the support structures on the stress and displacement of surrounding rocks is analyzed and the mechanical mechanisms of active and passive support structures are discussed. After analyzing the support function of bolting with bar, wire mesh and cable, the mechanism of action of cable and its uses are obtained, and the technical idea of high-intensity integral support is proposed.
(3) Using the software FLAC3D, numerical simulations are made to study the evolvement law of stress and displacement of surrounding rocks under conditions of different pillar widths and mining depths. The changing law of surrounding rock stability with influencing factors is achieved. The new thought of“resisting, reinforcing, pressure-reliving”and the new viewpoint of“process control”and“dynamic double support”for the rock deformation control of deep gob-side entries are put forward.
(4) According to the actual conditions of the gob-side entry of the 14309 Mining Face, the rational width of coal pillar is determined to be 4m, and the reasonable support scheme is designed which includes primary supporting with bolt, bar, wire mesh and cable, secondary reinforcing by grout injection, dynamic pressure relief and advance roof strengthening. During the process of drivage and coal mining, the rock stress and displacement of the gob-side entry and the anchorage force of bolts are monitored. The monitored results show that the rock deformation of the entry is well controlled, through which the safe and high-efficiency production is realized and technical and economic benefits are made. Therefore, the research findings of this dissertation are proved to be practical and reliable.
本文结合国家自然科学基金重大项目“深部采动覆岩移动规律及巷道稳定性控制研究(50490273)”以及面上项目“深部巷道围岩变形、破坏全过程及其稳定控制机理(50674083)”,以目前我国煤矿井工开采生产能力最大的兖州煤业股份有限公司东滩矿为工程背景,充分考虑深井综放开采沿空掘巷及受采动围岩的位移场、应力场的演化过程及破坏特征,在总结和吸取前人研究成果基础上,通过三维数值模拟、物理模拟试验、理论解析及现场巷道围岩采动前后全过程实测的综合技术路线,对其进行了深入系统的研究。
(1)基于采场覆岩关键层理论和经典力学理论,对深井综放开采沿空巷道的上覆岩层运动规律及沿空掘巷围岩变形机理进行理论分析,建立了相应的力学模型并进行了解析公式的推导,获得了综放沿空掘巷三角块结构稳定性系数及围岩应力分布规律;以工程原型为背景深入分析深井综放沿空掘巷围岩稳定机理,确定了沿空巷道围岩稳定的主要影响因素及相互作用关系。
(2)在相似材料模拟实验台上,模拟研究了目前煤矿常用三种支护结构的性能差异,分析不同煤柱宽度和开采深度条件下主动支护和被动支护对巷道围岩应力和位移的影响规律及其力学作用机理,进而对锚梁网索联合支护结构的稳定性效果进行分析,得出了锚索在沿空掘巷支护中的作用机理与使用条件,提出了巷道“高强度整体支护”的技术思路。
(3)采用FLAC3D软件,数值模拟研究了不同煤柱宽度、不同埋深及采动前后沿空巷道的围岩内部位移、周边收敛变形与围岩应力的演化规律,获得了沿空掘巷在采动条件下围岩稳定性随影响因素的变化规律,提出了深井综放沿空巷道围岩控制“抗、固、卸”的新思路以及“过程控制”与“动态迭加支护”的新观点。
(4)针对14309综放沿空掘巷的具体条件,研究确定了其合理煤柱宽度为4m;设计了“强力锚固支护系统与注浆加固以及采动影响时的煤帮钻孔卸压和顶板超前加强支护”的技术方案;实测研究了现场沿空煤巷掘进至工作面采动影响结束全过程的围岩内部位移、周边位移、围岩应力及锚杆支护力的变化规律,验证了理论研究成果的可靠性,有效地控制了巷道的围岩变形,成功的进行了工业性试验,取得了良好的技术经济效益。
It is one of the difficult and hot research issues in the fields of coal mining and rock mechanics to study the support of gob-side entries in deep mines. At present some research progresses have been made on the failure mechanism of gob-side entries in deep mines. However, the existing research findings still are incomplete due to the complexity of the research issues. For example, there are few research findings on the evolvement law of rock deformation around the gob-side entry of fully mechanized top-coal caving faces in deep mines.
Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50490273,50674083) and taking the gob-side entry of 14309 Mining Face of Dongtan Colliery as the engineering background, this dissertation makes deep and systematic research on the evolvement law and control technology of rock deformation around the gob-side entry of fully mechanized top-coal caving faces in deep mines. Based on the research achievement made by former scholars, this paper mainly deals with the evolving process of stress and displacement of rocks around deep gob-side entries by means of physical and numerical simulation, theoretical resolution and in-situ measurement.
(1) Based on the theory of key strata and elasto-plastic mechanics, the behavior of overburden strata and the deformation mechanism of surrounding rocks of deep gob-side entries are theoretically analyzed. The mechanical models of key stratum and surrounding rocks are established, and the analytical formulas that reflect the stability of key triangular rock block and the stress and displacement of surrounding rocks are derived. The stability mechanism of the surrounding rocks is deeply analyzed under the engineering background of the gob-side entry of 14309 Mining Face. Furthermore, the main influencing factors of surrounding rock stability and their interrelation are analyzed.
(2) The performance of three common support structures in coal mines is investigated by physical simulation on two test beds. Under the conditions of different mining depths and pillar widths, the effect of the support structures on the stress and displacement of surrounding rocks is analyzed and the mechanical mechanisms of active and passive support structures are discussed. After analyzing the support function of bolting with bar, wire mesh and cable, the mechanism of action of cable and its uses are obtained, and the technical idea of high-intensity integral support is proposed.
(3) Using the software FLAC3D, numerical simulations are made to study the evolvement law of stress and displacement of surrounding rocks under conditions of different pillar widths and mining depths. The changing law of surrounding rock stability with influencing factors is achieved. The new thought of“resisting, reinforcing, pressure-reliving”and the new viewpoint of“process control”and“dynamic double support”for the rock deformation control of deep gob-side entries are put forward.
(4) According to the actual conditions of the gob-side entry of the 14309 Mining Face, the rational width of coal pillar is determined to be 4m, and the reasonable support scheme is designed which includes primary supporting with bolt, bar, wire mesh and cable, secondary reinforcing by grout injection, dynamic pressure relief and advance roof strengthening. During the process of drivage and coal mining, the rock stress and displacement of the gob-side entry and the anchorage force of bolts are monitored. The monitored results show that the rock deformation of the entry is well controlled, through which the safe and high-efficiency production is realized and technical and economic benefits are made. Therefore, the research findings of this dissertation are proved to be practical and reliable.
引文
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