矿井提升钢丝绳装载冲击动力学行为研究
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摘要
钢丝绳因重量轻、抗弯刚度小、抗拉强度高等优点,被广泛用作矿山机械的提升缆绳。钢丝绳作为矿井提升中的易坏和易耗品,其安全可靠性对于保障矿井提升系统的稳定、高效和安全运行具有重要的意义。在矿井提升过程中,提升容器的箕斗装载和罐笼装载是地下与地面人员或物料位置转移的前提,同时也是导致钢丝绳磨损乃至断裂的一个恶劣工况;而主井无定量斗状态下的箕斗超载、大型及超大型荷载进出罐笼效率低等问题尚无切实可行的解决方法。因此,本文采用理论、仿真与实验相结合的研究方法,以定重装载系统、罐笼承接及进罐系统设计和内部钢丝强度评估为目标,系统研究矿井提升钢丝绳装载冲击动力学行为,为矿井提升系统的安全可靠运行提供理论与技术支持。
本文首先系统地考虑钢丝绳扭转特性,导向轮、天轮的惯性以及弦绳的柔性,基于Hamilton原理建立了提升钢丝绳在外载荷下的耦合振动力学模型,提出了基于阶跃函数解决钢丝绳上具有集中质量的纵向-扭转耦合振动响应的计算方法,并通过建立基于集中质量的多自由度离散耦合模型和基于有限单元法的离散耦合模型,采用数值计算验证了相应的理论模型和求解方法的有效性、正确性。
为了掌握箕斗在装载过程中的动态特性,建立了箕斗快速和缓慢装载变质量冲击过程的钢丝绳耦合振动力学模型,基于瞬态结构和稳态结构两种假定,探讨了变质量耦合振动系统频率和响应的求解方法,得到了快速和缓慢两种装载过程的冲击动力学行为,并通过现场试验验证了理论模型的正确性。给出了箕斗装载后残余振动最优延迟时间计算方法,探讨了主井无定量斗状态下单绳缠绕式提升绞车定重装载问题。
为了解决罐笼装载过程中的频繁调罐和罐笼反弹问题,建立了荷载进罐和罐笼承接提升钢丝绳耦合振动力学模型,给出了提升钢丝绳变长度过程中频率和响应的计算方法,得到了荷载进罐和罐笼承接过程中的动态特性,并探讨了不同荷载进出罐笼的承接系统,以提高装载效率和安全性。
基于Costello钢丝绳理论,推导了钢丝绳刚度系数线性表达式,解决了现有公式线性化程度低、使用不方便的问题。给出了内部钢丝应力、应变关于整绳纵向应变和单位长度扭转角的线性表达式,从理论上揭示了钢丝与绳之间的相互关联性,并探讨了钢丝强度的评估方法。
Wire ropes have been widely used in mine hoist system due to their light weight, low bending stiffness and high tensile strength. The safety and reliability of the hoisting rope are important for guaranteeing the mine hoist's stability, efficiency and safe operation. In the course of mine hoisting, the loading operation of hoisting conveyance is the premise of the transfer for personnel and material from the underground to the ground such as the skip and the cage loading. However, the abrasion and rupture of wires in the hoisting rope was also resulted from the loading process. The skip is often over-weighted without measure hopper and the process of the cage loading large or super loads is inefficient, which have not been resolved. Therefore, the study on impact dynamic behaviors for mine hoisting rope during loading process is beneficial to design of auxiliary safety equipment such as the fixed-weight loading equipment for main shaft and the cage supporting device for auxiliary shaft, which is also useful for evaluating the strength of internal wires in the rope. In this paper, the theoretical analysis, simulation and experiment are combined to investigate the impact dynamic behaviors of mine rope during hoisting conveyance loading. The main research work and new ideas are summarized as follows:
Considering the effect of head sheave and hoisting rope string, according to Hamilton principle, the mechanical model of the coupled longitudinal-torsional vibration for hoisting rope were built. In order to compare with the continuous coupled model, two discrete coupled models of the hoisting rope respectively based on the concentrated-mass and the method of finite element were built. By the numerical calculating, the results show that three models and their calculating methods are reasonable, and the continuous longitudinal-torsional coupled model could be used to investigate the impact dynamical behaviors of the mine hoisting system during loading.
In order to master the impact dynamical behaviors of the hoisting rope during the skip loading, the longitudinal-torsional coupled models were built with quick and slow loading. According to the two hypotheses of transient and stable, the method of the frequency and response was discussed for the variable-mass coupled vibration system. And then, the impact dynamical behaviors of the skip with quick and slow loading were obtained. Finally, the optimum residual delay time for accelerated skip hoisting was proposed, and the fixed-weight system for the main shaft was discussed.
In order to resolve the problem of frequent adjustment of the cage during supporting and strong rebounding, the coupled models were established during the cage supporting on the swing deck and the elastic supporting device when the loads was pushed into or out. The method of solving the hoisting rope's dynamical response was proposed and the dynamical behaviors were obtained for the hoisting rope with variable length. The technology of the cage supporting with different loads was discussed in order to enhance the loading efficiency and the safety of the hoisting system.
Considering the deformation of the wire rope’s fiber and basing on the theory of wire rope by Costello, the linear stiffness coefficients of strand and rope respectively with arbitrary number of strands and wires were deduced. According to the longitudinal strain and the torsional angle per unit length for the hoisting rope, which obtained by coupled longitudinal-torsional models, the stress of internal wires was obtained and the method of fatigue strength was discussed finally.
本文首先系统地考虑钢丝绳扭转特性,导向轮、天轮的惯性以及弦绳的柔性,基于Hamilton原理建立了提升钢丝绳在外载荷下的耦合振动力学模型,提出了基于阶跃函数解决钢丝绳上具有集中质量的纵向-扭转耦合振动响应的计算方法,并通过建立基于集中质量的多自由度离散耦合模型和基于有限单元法的离散耦合模型,采用数值计算验证了相应的理论模型和求解方法的有效性、正确性。
为了掌握箕斗在装载过程中的动态特性,建立了箕斗快速和缓慢装载变质量冲击过程的钢丝绳耦合振动力学模型,基于瞬态结构和稳态结构两种假定,探讨了变质量耦合振动系统频率和响应的求解方法,得到了快速和缓慢两种装载过程的冲击动力学行为,并通过现场试验验证了理论模型的正确性。给出了箕斗装载后残余振动最优延迟时间计算方法,探讨了主井无定量斗状态下单绳缠绕式提升绞车定重装载问题。
为了解决罐笼装载过程中的频繁调罐和罐笼反弹问题,建立了荷载进罐和罐笼承接提升钢丝绳耦合振动力学模型,给出了提升钢丝绳变长度过程中频率和响应的计算方法,得到了荷载进罐和罐笼承接过程中的动态特性,并探讨了不同荷载进出罐笼的承接系统,以提高装载效率和安全性。
基于Costello钢丝绳理论,推导了钢丝绳刚度系数线性表达式,解决了现有公式线性化程度低、使用不方便的问题。给出了内部钢丝应力、应变关于整绳纵向应变和单位长度扭转角的线性表达式,从理论上揭示了钢丝与绳之间的相互关联性,并探讨了钢丝强度的评估方法。
Wire ropes have been widely used in mine hoist system due to their light weight, low bending stiffness and high tensile strength. The safety and reliability of the hoisting rope are important for guaranteeing the mine hoist's stability, efficiency and safe operation. In the course of mine hoisting, the loading operation of hoisting conveyance is the premise of the transfer for personnel and material from the underground to the ground such as the skip and the cage loading. However, the abrasion and rupture of wires in the hoisting rope was also resulted from the loading process. The skip is often over-weighted without measure hopper and the process of the cage loading large or super loads is inefficient, which have not been resolved. Therefore, the study on impact dynamic behaviors for mine hoisting rope during loading process is beneficial to design of auxiliary safety equipment such as the fixed-weight loading equipment for main shaft and the cage supporting device for auxiliary shaft, which is also useful for evaluating the strength of internal wires in the rope. In this paper, the theoretical analysis, simulation and experiment are combined to investigate the impact dynamic behaviors of mine rope during hoisting conveyance loading. The main research work and new ideas are summarized as follows:
Considering the effect of head sheave and hoisting rope string, according to Hamilton principle, the mechanical model of the coupled longitudinal-torsional vibration for hoisting rope were built. In order to compare with the continuous coupled model, two discrete coupled models of the hoisting rope respectively based on the concentrated-mass and the method of finite element were built. By the numerical calculating, the results show that three models and their calculating methods are reasonable, and the continuous longitudinal-torsional coupled model could be used to investigate the impact dynamical behaviors of the mine hoisting system during loading.
In order to master the impact dynamical behaviors of the hoisting rope during the skip loading, the longitudinal-torsional coupled models were built with quick and slow loading. According to the two hypotheses of transient and stable, the method of the frequency and response was discussed for the variable-mass coupled vibration system. And then, the impact dynamical behaviors of the skip with quick and slow loading were obtained. Finally, the optimum residual delay time for accelerated skip hoisting was proposed, and the fixed-weight system for the main shaft was discussed.
In order to resolve the problem of frequent adjustment of the cage during supporting and strong rebounding, the coupled models were established during the cage supporting on the swing deck and the elastic supporting device when the loads was pushed into or out. The method of solving the hoisting rope's dynamical response was proposed and the dynamical behaviors were obtained for the hoisting rope with variable length. The technology of the cage supporting with different loads was discussed in order to enhance the loading efficiency and the safety of the hoisting system.
Considering the deformation of the wire rope’s fiber and basing on the theory of wire rope by Costello, the linear stiffness coefficients of strand and rope respectively with arbitrary number of strands and wires were deduced. According to the longitudinal strain and the torsional angle per unit length for the hoisting rope, which obtained by coupled longitudinal-torsional models, the stress of internal wires was obtained and the method of fatigue strength was discussed finally.
引文
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