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矿山碾压尾矿坝稳定性分析及预警预报理论应用研究
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摘要
本文从国内外尾矿库的安全现状出发,结合工程实际,重点研究了矿山碾压尾矿坝的稳定分析方法、仪器检测、预警预报和软件开发问题。主要内容如下:
     严格区分了尾矿、尾矿库、尾矿设施、尾矿坝、碾压堆石坝的概念,分析了碾压尾矿坝在设计、施工、运行和闭库过程中存在的问题;分析了影响安全系数的库区主要因素;提出了最小允许安全系数的概念,并对其数值的确定作了较详细的论证,将最小允许安全系数进行了分级,以适用不同的坝体和不同情况的安全评价标准;分析了安全系数与稳定系数的差别;列举了安全系数判据的三种情况及安全系数随时间的变化的规律;研究了岩石力学参数弱化成岩土工程参数的方法、库区孔隙水压力处理方法和如何正确选定碾压尾矿坝的安全系数。
     本文从瑞典条分法入手,对其公式进行了改进,在改进的瑞典条分法的公式参数中,对地震影响系数值作了全面的论证和计算,得出了在三类别场地的不同地震影响系数;对堆石坝中岩体的抗剪强度指标进行了新的核定;对于复杂土层或岩层,及复杂受力和边界条件,提出了一种新的滑动面确定方法——双曲线定弧法;并用改进的此方法和确定的各项参数,对平果铝土矿两个碾压堆石坝的安全稳定进行了研究分析,得出了大坝基本稳定的结论。
     对碾压尾矿坝进行了微观研究,得出碾压堆石体的块度情况模型,分析了其微观理论和实际堆积模型,分析得出其粒径服成对数正态分布规律,研究了其抗剪强度指标的影响因素和确定方法。
     利用损伤力学中损伤概念,提出了碾压坝碾压后负损伤的概念,完善了损伤的分类,推导出了负损伤的有效应变张量公式;具体分析了负损伤在碾压过程中的几个阶段,得出了全应力—应变曲线;从散体的角度,分析了堆石体的压实机理:堆石体压实愈紧密,空隙比愈小,其压实后的强度愈高,稳定性愈好。
     总结了碾压大坝的三种探测仪器:地质雷达法、高密度电法和瞬态瑞雷波法的原理和使用方法,分析了三种仪器各自的优缺点和目前在尾矿坝安全检测中的使用情况;并将三者成功地运用到了江西分宜县的某碾压尾矿大坝的稳定分析研究中。
     从总结研究尾矿碾压大坝检测的重要性入手,研究了碾压堆石坝的变形机理,总结出了一套碾压尾矿坝安全检测方法,并针对某矿山现有检测方法的不足提出了具体的改进建议;开发出了一套适用碾压尾矿坝的预报预警软件;研究分析安全预报的安全阈值,将本软件成功应用到了工程实践。
     论文的意义在于:综合、系统地提出碾压尾矿坝从设计、施工、运行时的安全评价和闭库等所有过程中的安全问题和决策,分析影响碾压尾矿坝稳定安全的原因,对碾压堆石体进行微观机理探讨,对数值分析方法的有关参数和和技术提出新的改进,研究和推广三种新的尾矿坝仪器探测方法和原理,开发适用我国目前的碾压尾矿坝的预报预警应用软件,并结合工程实际,使碾压尾矿坝(库)的安全稳定评价和决策规范化、系统化,并推广应用。
This article from the tailings in China and abroad for the safety of the status quo, combining engineering, has focused on research of the stability of mine tailings dam grind-pressure analysis method, apparatus, detection, warning and forecasting software development issues. The following key elements:
     This article strict distincts concept of the tailings、tailings pond、tailings facilities、tailings dam and the grind-pressure dam ; Analysis the existing problems of design, construction, operation and closure process in the grind-pressure tailings dam; Analysises the main safety factor affecting factors of the reservoir area ; raises the concept of a minimum safety factor , and determines their values in detail in the feasibility studies, will Grades the minimum safety factor for applying the different dam-body and the different security situation evaluation criteria; Analysis the difference of between the safety factor and stability factor; cited the three criteria of the safety factor of and the law of safety factor changes with time; studied a weakening Methods of the rock mechanics parameters and of the geotechnical engineering parameters of the reservoir pore water pressure treatment And of the how to correctly selected the grind-pressure tailings dam safety factor.
     From Sweden-Separate-band- method, their formula was improved; in the improving Sweden-Separate-band- method's parameters of the formula, earthquake coefficient factor is evaluatedand and calculated, and shows that the different types factors ofthe three venues; the article Impacts coefficient of rockfill dam in the rock shear strength indicators of a new authorized; for complex soil or rock, complex forces and boundary conditions, a new method of determining the sliding surface -the double tangent determination curve method, and improves that uses this method and determines parameters researches and analysises the security and stability of the the Pingguo bauxite mine's two grind-pressure tailings dams, shows the conclusions that the dam is basic stability.
     The article studies Grind-pressure tailings dam on a microscopic, gets the model of the situation of the grind-pressure rockfill block, analysises its theoretical and practical model in the microscopic, accumulates its size that several pairs of normal-distribution, research its shear strength index of factors and determined way.
     By the concept of injury in the mechanical damage, put forward after the concept the negative- injury of the grind-pressure dam , improves the classification of the injury, damage has been derived negative effective strain tensor formula; specific analysis of the negative injury in the course of several grind-pressure Phase, that of the entire stress - strain curves; loose from the perspective of the compaction of rockfill: rockfill compaction more closely, smaller than the gap, the higher the intensity after the compaction, Stability better.
     The article Summes up the three detection equipment's principle and using methods of the grind-pressure dam: the ground penetrating radar, the high-density electrical and the transient Rayleigh wave, analysises three types of instruments' respective advantages and disadvantages and using situation in the tailings dam current safety testing; and the three equipment are successful used in the stability of study of a grind-pressure of a tailings dam in Fenyi County, Jiangxi Province .
     Form studying and concluding the importance of detecting of the grind-pressure tailings dam , the article studies deformation mechanism of the grind-pressure dam, summes up a set of the safety testing methods of the grind-pressure tailings dam , against the detection method's inadequate in a mine makes a specific recommendations improvement; has developed a set of the early warning software for grind-pressure tailings dam, security researches and analysises forecasting the safety threshold, and the software will be successfully applied to engineering practice.
     The article significance is: comprehensive, systematic raises from the security problems and decision-making about the grind-pressure tailings dam's design, construction, operation and evaluation of the safety , impactes the grind-pressure tailings dam safety and stability reasons, discusses the grind-pressure rockfill's micro-mechanism , improves the numerical analysis of the relevant parameters and new technology , and researches and Promotes three new detection method and apparatus principle of the tailings dam, developes the application's software to forecasting and early warning of the current grind-pressure tailings Dam of China, and integrates the engineering, the grind-pressure tailings dam's safety and stability of evaluation and decision-making is standardized, systematic, and promoted and applied.
引文
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