底泥再悬浮对磷的吸附和不同形态磷转化的影响研究
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摘要
底泥再悬浮对磷在底泥-水界面的迁移转化有重要的影响,但目前对底泥再悬浮状态下,磷的迁移转化规律以及水体富营养化的发展进程不甚了解。因而研究底泥再悬浮状态下磷的迁移转化规律,对解释扰动在水体富营养化发展进程中的作用机制具有重要的意义。本文探讨了底泥再悬浮状态下,富营养化水体中,上覆水中磷的迁移规律、底泥中不同形态磷的转化规律,并分析了不同形态磷间相互转化的可能性,初步探讨了不同形态磷间的转化机理,为了解底泥中磷形态的演化进程以及了解扰动在水体富营养化进程中的作用提供了一定的理论依据。
本研究对以往研究中常用的上覆水进行了改变,并延长了试验时间,试图了解底泥再悬浮对实际水体中磷的迁移转化的长期环境效应。结果表明,底泥再悬浮方式、再悬浮频率、再悬浮时间、环境因素等对上覆水中磷的迁移有显著的影响。采用曝气和搅拌等不同方式促使底泥再悬浮,均能促进上覆水中溶解性磷酸盐向底泥迁移。底泥再悬浮频率越高,则对上覆水中磷向底泥迁移的促进作用越大。持续扰动和间歇扰动均可促进上覆水中溶解性磷酸盐向底泥迁移,持续扰动促进了颗粒态磷的释放,但间歇扰动仅在扰动初期的12h内发生颗粒态磷的释放,随后显著下降,并低于初始状态。底泥再悬浮条件下,随着pH值的升高,上覆水磷向底泥迁移的促进作用逐渐减弱;冬季水温时,上覆水中溶解性磷酸盐向底泥迁移的促进作用略高于夏季水温时。而夏季水温时则有助于总磷向底泥迁移;底泥再悬浮状态下,蒸馏水为上覆水时,底泥释放磷的量大于河水为上覆水时。上覆水磷酸盐初始浓度不同对磷酸盐的迁移具有显著的影响。
研究发现,底泥经再悬浮后,对磷的吸附容量均显著高于初始状态。曝气底泥对磷的最大吸附量(Smax)是初始状态时的1.12~1.29倍。曝气底泥对磷的吸附效果显著优于搅拌底泥,并强化了底泥对磷的持留能力。与初始状态相比,曝气底泥中潜在活性磷含量明显降低,并低于对照试验。底泥再悬浮后,磷平衡浓度(EPC0)显著下降。EPC0与总磷(TP)、生物有效磷(BAP)、铁结合态磷(BD-P)呈显著负相关。而对照试验底泥的EPC0与此恰好相反,这可能与底泥再悬浮状态下形成的形态磷的性质有所改变有关。
研究揭示了底泥再悬浮状态下底泥中不同形态磷之间的转化过程。底泥再悬浮有助于潜在活性磷向难释放态磷转化以及生物有效磷向难被生物利用态磷转化。与初始状态相比,底泥静止状态下,潜在活性磷在总磷中所占比重显著增加,说明上覆水中磷向底泥迁移时会优先形成潜在活性磷。底泥再悬浮状态下,随着底泥再悬浮频率增加,潜在活性磷向难释放态磷的转化以及生物有效磷向难被生物利用态磷的转化的促进作用得到强化;随着底泥再悬浮时间的延长,铁结合态磷(BD-P)、铝结合态磷(Al-P)、钙结合态磷(Ca-P)含量显著增加,而弱吸附态磷(NH4Cl-P)则有所减少;并且底泥再悬浮状态下形成的BD-P与底泥静止状态下形成的BD-P的性质有所不同。底泥再悬浮后,生物有效磷含量显著降低。藻类可利用磷(AAP)和NaHCO3可提取磷(Olsen-P)的形成机制相似。当上覆水中磷被结合到沉积物中时,沉积物中形态磷的变化以潜在活性磷为主,难释放态磷基本保持不变,潜在活性磷的形成机制以物理、化学转化机制为主,而且潜在活性磷的含量和性质对生物有效磷的形成具有显著的影响。
本文初步认为,底泥再悬浮可以降低上覆水中磷浓度,并提高底泥对磷的持留能力,进而延缓水体富营养化的发展进程。
Sediment re-suspension has significant effect on phosphorus migration and transformation. However, the information about phosphorus migration and transformation and the effect on the development process of waterbody eutrophication are limited under the conditions of sediment re-suspension. So it is necessary to study the law of phosphorus migration and transformation under the conditions of sediment re-suspension. It is important to explain the mechanism on the development process of waterbody eutrophication under the conditions of sediment re-suspension induced by disturbance. In the article, the phosphorus migration in overlaying water and the transformaiton of phosphorus forms in the sediments under sediment re-suspendion were investigated and the transformation possability of different phosphorus forms was analyzed. The transformation mechanism of different phosphorus forms was discussed, too.
These will provide beneficial references to explain the mechanism on the evolution of phosphorus and the development process of waterbody eutrophica- tion under the conditions of sediment re-suspension induced by disturbance. The overlying water in this project was different from that in the previous study and the scale of experiment time was extended, so the aim was to try to probe the environmental effects of sediment re-suspension on the migration and transformation of phosphorus in the waterbody. The results showed that phosphorus migration in overlaying water is obviously affected by sediment re-suspension ways, frequency, disturbance time, environment factors. Sediment re-suspendion induced by aeration to sediment and disturbance could promote the dissolved inorganic phosphorus(DIP) from overlying water to sediment. The enhancement on phosphorus migration from overlying water to sediment increases with the increase of the frequency of sediments re-suspension. The migration of dissolved phosphorus from water to sediment is evidently promoted by continuing disturbance and interval disturbance, compared with the control experiment. Continuing disturbance could enhance the release of particulate phosphorus(PP) and can maintain the concentrations of PP and total phosphorus(TP) in high levels. However, PP was released from the sediment in the first 12 hours for interval disturbance, and reduced evidently in overlying water, and the concentration of PP and TP was maintained in low levels, compared with the initial state. The enhancement on phosphorus migration from overlying water to sediment was reduced with pH increase under sediment re-suspension. The enhancement at winter temperature on DIP from overlying water to sediment was better than that at summer temperature. Summer temperature could promote TP migration to sediment, compared with winter temperature. Under the conditons of sediment re-suspension, the amount of phosphorus was released from sediment to distilled water was larger than to river water. Different initial phosphate concentration in overlying water has evidently effect on DIP migration.
It was found that the capability of phosphorus adsorption onto sediments after re-suspended was increased obviously, compared with the initial state. Smax of sediment after aeration was 1.12~1.29 times of that of initial state. the capability of phosphorus adsorption onto the sediment after aeration was larger than the sediment by disturbance and the long-term phosphorus storage was enhanced evidently. The amount of potentially mobile phosphorus(PMP) was decreased marked, compared with that of the initial state and the control experiment. By sediments re-suspension, EPC0 was decreased obviously, compared with that of raw sediments. Remarkable negative correlation was shown between the EPC0 of re-suspended sediments and its TP, BAP, BD-P concentrations. It was doubt that the features of phosphorus forms in re-suspended sediments could be changed obviously, compared with that of raw sediments and the sediments in control experiment.
This paper also studied the transformation of sedimentary phosphorus forms under sediment re-suspension. Sediment re-suspension could promote the transformation of phosphours from potentially mobile forms to refractory forms. The percentage of PMP to TP was increased obviously in the sediment not re-suspendsion, compared with that of initial state, indicating that phosphorus was transformed into potentially mobile phosphorus at the first step in migration of phosphorus from overlying water to sediments. Sediment re-suspension would enhance the transformation from potentially mobile phosphorus to refractory forms and from bioavailable phosphorus(BAP) to nonbioavailable phosphorus in sediment with the increase of sediment re-suspension frenquency. With the time of sediment re-suspension increase, the amount of BD-P, Al-P, Ca-P was increased evidently, while the amount of NH4Cl-P was reduced. In addition, the features of BD-P in re-suspended sediments could be changed obviously, compared with that of the sediments in control experiment. After sediment re-suspension, the content of BAP was reduced, while the amount of BAP was increased in the sediment in the control experiment, compared with that of initial state. The formation mechanism of algae available phosphorus(AAP) and Olsen-P was similar. When phosphorus in overlying water was incorporated into the sediments, the changes of phosphorus forms are outstanding for PMP, while the refractory forms are kept constant. The formaiton mechanism of PMP is phisical and chemical transformation. The formaiton of BAP is affected by the amount and features of PMP.
Finally, sediment re-suspension could reduce the content of phosphorus in the overlying water and could enhance the long-term phosphorus storage in the sediments. Therefore, it is suggested that the development of eutrophication of the waterbody could be delayed.
本研究对以往研究中常用的上覆水进行了改变,并延长了试验时间,试图了解底泥再悬浮对实际水体中磷的迁移转化的长期环境效应。结果表明,底泥再悬浮方式、再悬浮频率、再悬浮时间、环境因素等对上覆水中磷的迁移有显著的影响。采用曝气和搅拌等不同方式促使底泥再悬浮,均能促进上覆水中溶解性磷酸盐向底泥迁移。底泥再悬浮频率越高,则对上覆水中磷向底泥迁移的促进作用越大。持续扰动和间歇扰动均可促进上覆水中溶解性磷酸盐向底泥迁移,持续扰动促进了颗粒态磷的释放,但间歇扰动仅在扰动初期的12h内发生颗粒态磷的释放,随后显著下降,并低于初始状态。底泥再悬浮条件下,随着pH值的升高,上覆水磷向底泥迁移的促进作用逐渐减弱;冬季水温时,上覆水中溶解性磷酸盐向底泥迁移的促进作用略高于夏季水温时。而夏季水温时则有助于总磷向底泥迁移;底泥再悬浮状态下,蒸馏水为上覆水时,底泥释放磷的量大于河水为上覆水时。上覆水磷酸盐初始浓度不同对磷酸盐的迁移具有显著的影响。
研究发现,底泥经再悬浮后,对磷的吸附容量均显著高于初始状态。曝气底泥对磷的最大吸附量(Smax)是初始状态时的1.12~1.29倍。曝气底泥对磷的吸附效果显著优于搅拌底泥,并强化了底泥对磷的持留能力。与初始状态相比,曝气底泥中潜在活性磷含量明显降低,并低于对照试验。底泥再悬浮后,磷平衡浓度(EPC0)显著下降。EPC0与总磷(TP)、生物有效磷(BAP)、铁结合态磷(BD-P)呈显著负相关。而对照试验底泥的EPC0与此恰好相反,这可能与底泥再悬浮状态下形成的形态磷的性质有所改变有关。
研究揭示了底泥再悬浮状态下底泥中不同形态磷之间的转化过程。底泥再悬浮有助于潜在活性磷向难释放态磷转化以及生物有效磷向难被生物利用态磷转化。与初始状态相比,底泥静止状态下,潜在活性磷在总磷中所占比重显著增加,说明上覆水中磷向底泥迁移时会优先形成潜在活性磷。底泥再悬浮状态下,随着底泥再悬浮频率增加,潜在活性磷向难释放态磷的转化以及生物有效磷向难被生物利用态磷的转化的促进作用得到强化;随着底泥再悬浮时间的延长,铁结合态磷(BD-P)、铝结合态磷(Al-P)、钙结合态磷(Ca-P)含量显著增加,而弱吸附态磷(NH4Cl-P)则有所减少;并且底泥再悬浮状态下形成的BD-P与底泥静止状态下形成的BD-P的性质有所不同。底泥再悬浮后,生物有效磷含量显著降低。藻类可利用磷(AAP)和NaHCO3可提取磷(Olsen-P)的形成机制相似。当上覆水中磷被结合到沉积物中时,沉积物中形态磷的变化以潜在活性磷为主,难释放态磷基本保持不变,潜在活性磷的形成机制以物理、化学转化机制为主,而且潜在活性磷的含量和性质对生物有效磷的形成具有显著的影响。
本文初步认为,底泥再悬浮可以降低上覆水中磷浓度,并提高底泥对磷的持留能力,进而延缓水体富营养化的发展进程。
Sediment re-suspension has significant effect on phosphorus migration and transformation. However, the information about phosphorus migration and transformation and the effect on the development process of waterbody eutrophication are limited under the conditions of sediment re-suspension. So it is necessary to study the law of phosphorus migration and transformation under the conditions of sediment re-suspension. It is important to explain the mechanism on the development process of waterbody eutrophication under the conditions of sediment re-suspension induced by disturbance. In the article, the phosphorus migration in overlaying water and the transformaiton of phosphorus forms in the sediments under sediment re-suspendion were investigated and the transformation possability of different phosphorus forms was analyzed. The transformation mechanism of different phosphorus forms was discussed, too.
These will provide beneficial references to explain the mechanism on the evolution of phosphorus and the development process of waterbody eutrophica- tion under the conditions of sediment re-suspension induced by disturbance. The overlying water in this project was different from that in the previous study and the scale of experiment time was extended, so the aim was to try to probe the environmental effects of sediment re-suspension on the migration and transformation of phosphorus in the waterbody. The results showed that phosphorus migration in overlaying water is obviously affected by sediment re-suspension ways, frequency, disturbance time, environment factors. Sediment re-suspendion induced by aeration to sediment and disturbance could promote the dissolved inorganic phosphorus(DIP) from overlying water to sediment. The enhancement on phosphorus migration from overlying water to sediment increases with the increase of the frequency of sediments re-suspension. The migration of dissolved phosphorus from water to sediment is evidently promoted by continuing disturbance and interval disturbance, compared with the control experiment. Continuing disturbance could enhance the release of particulate phosphorus(PP) and can maintain the concentrations of PP and total phosphorus(TP) in high levels. However, PP was released from the sediment in the first 12 hours for interval disturbance, and reduced evidently in overlying water, and the concentration of PP and TP was maintained in low levels, compared with the initial state. The enhancement on phosphorus migration from overlying water to sediment was reduced with pH increase under sediment re-suspension. The enhancement at winter temperature on DIP from overlying water to sediment was better than that at summer temperature. Summer temperature could promote TP migration to sediment, compared with winter temperature. Under the conditons of sediment re-suspension, the amount of phosphorus was released from sediment to distilled water was larger than to river water. Different initial phosphate concentration in overlying water has evidently effect on DIP migration.
It was found that the capability of phosphorus adsorption onto sediments after re-suspended was increased obviously, compared with the initial state. Smax of sediment after aeration was 1.12~1.29 times of that of initial state. the capability of phosphorus adsorption onto the sediment after aeration was larger than the sediment by disturbance and the long-term phosphorus storage was enhanced evidently. The amount of potentially mobile phosphorus(PMP) was decreased marked, compared with that of the initial state and the control experiment. By sediments re-suspension, EPC0 was decreased obviously, compared with that of raw sediments. Remarkable negative correlation was shown between the EPC0 of re-suspended sediments and its TP, BAP, BD-P concentrations. It was doubt that the features of phosphorus forms in re-suspended sediments could be changed obviously, compared with that of raw sediments and the sediments in control experiment.
This paper also studied the transformation of sedimentary phosphorus forms under sediment re-suspension. Sediment re-suspension could promote the transformation of phosphours from potentially mobile forms to refractory forms. The percentage of PMP to TP was increased obviously in the sediment not re-suspendsion, compared with that of initial state, indicating that phosphorus was transformed into potentially mobile phosphorus at the first step in migration of phosphorus from overlying water to sediments. Sediment re-suspension would enhance the transformation from potentially mobile phosphorus to refractory forms and from bioavailable phosphorus(BAP) to nonbioavailable phosphorus in sediment with the increase of sediment re-suspension frenquency. With the time of sediment re-suspension increase, the amount of BD-P, Al-P, Ca-P was increased evidently, while the amount of NH4Cl-P was reduced. In addition, the features of BD-P in re-suspended sediments could be changed obviously, compared with that of the sediments in control experiment. After sediment re-suspension, the content of BAP was reduced, while the amount of BAP was increased in the sediment in the control experiment, compared with that of initial state. The formation mechanism of algae available phosphorus(AAP) and Olsen-P was similar. When phosphorus in overlying water was incorporated into the sediments, the changes of phosphorus forms are outstanding for PMP, while the refractory forms are kept constant. The formaiton mechanism of PMP is phisical and chemical transformation. The formaiton of BAP is affected by the amount and features of PMP.
Finally, sediment re-suspension could reduce the content of phosphorus in the overlying water and could enhance the long-term phosphorus storage in the sediments. Therefore, it is suggested that the development of eutrophication of the waterbody could be delayed.
引文
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