中国林产品加工业价值链升级研究
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摘要
林产品加工业是我国林业的主导产业,承担着主要林产品生产与供给的重任,它的发展水平体现了整个林业体系的建设与发展,也是全面推进现代林业建设,构建发达的林业产业体系的重要一环。我国林产品加工业的发展在取得显著成就的同时,依然面临着严峻的形势。由于经济的全球化,尤其是全球林产品贸易格局,使得我国林产品加工业将面对着来自其他国家林产品的激烈竞争,加之当前国际共同面临的金融危机,我国林产品加工业也受到了冲击。本研究从我国林产品加工业价值链的基本构成,从产业内外部环境的关键影响因素出发,紧紧围绕着价值链、企业管理和信贷配给等相关理论和概念,以林产品加工业技术创新,林产品加工企业管理和林产品加工业信贷为主要研究内容,并结合浙江安吉竹产业的案例进行分析。
研究结果发现,我国林产品加工业内部主体,即林产品加工企业,作为林产品加工业内部组织单元,当前多数为较小规模的中小林企,这些企业的特点是规模小,多从事林产品初级加工,其企业管理缺乏科学性,从而削弱了自身的竞争力,限制了企业的进一步发展。同时我国林产品加工业的外部环境,相关法律法规政策还不够完善。相关信贷业务和政策存在缺陷,甚至缺乏,导致林产品加工业融资一直存在信贷配给现象。从我国林产品加工业价值链来看,在上游环节,我国林木资源的培育与生产无法满足林产品加工业日益壮大的发展趋势;在林产品生产加工环节,由于缺乏技术创新,导致了精深加工林产品市场一直缺少我国企业的身影和品牌;在营销环节,这也是林产品增值的最后一个关键的环节,我国多数中小林产品加工企业忽视了国际市场,进而限制了林产品增值的空间。
根据我国林产品加工业的现状和问题,从其价值链出发,结合林产品加工企业的主体地位,政府的职能,以及信贷机构的参与作用,提出以下促进我国林产品加工业价值链升级的战略:
(1)在林产品加工业研发环节,关键要完善我国林产品加工业的创新体系,建立林产品加工企业研发中心或机构,加强林产品加工业的关键技术,尤其是高精深林产品加工技术,以及绿色环保林产品加工技术的研究,并建立林产品加工业创新团队,为林产品加工业的持续竞争力提供人才保障。
(2)在林产品加工企业管理方面,为了获取竞争力,应该改变以往传统的成本管理办法,采用价值链成本管理这一理念和方法,从价值增值的过程控制林产品加工企业经营活动的成本,形成成本优势,并通过5S战略优化林产品生产加工现场的管理,提高生产加工效率,实现林产品工艺流程的升级,此外要进行品牌规划和国际营销管理,实现林产品的升级,以及扩展林产品增值的空间。
(3)在林产品加工业信贷制度方面,主要是构建林产品加工业的价值链信贷体系,从林产品加工业的研发、原料培育生产、加工生产以及营销,尤其是出口贸易环节出发,建立信贷机构多样,信贷业务不尽相同,信贷利率不一,商业性质和政策性质并存的林产品加工业信贷支持体系。尤其是我国林产品加工业海外战略信贷支持框架,对缓解我国林产品加工业原料不足的问题,以及出口贸易扶持问题提供了资金保障。同时为了缓解我国林产品加工业的信贷配给问题,信贷机构要改变观念,加强风险管理的量化工作,而林产品加工企业则要加强财务会计管理,提升自己信用信誉,以提高企业的信贷获取能力。
综上所述,尽管我国林产品加工业面临着国内国外各种各样的竞争和压力,但通过对其价值链的分析,从价值链内部和外部的主要影响因素出发,以林产品加工业的技术创新,企业管理和信贷制度为突破口,是当前提升我国林产品加工业价值链可行的途径。
Forest products processing industry bearing the main forest products production and supply is the leading industry of China forestry, which determines the level of development of the forestry system construction and development, also an important part of comprehensively promoting the construction of modern forestry and building advancing forestry system. However, to speed up the development of China forest products industry is still facing a severe situation. As a result of economic globalization, in particular, the global pattern of trade in forest products, forest products processing industry confront with the fierce competition from other country, in addition to international financial crisis, China forest products industry also suffered a blow. This study analysize technological innovation, enterprise management, credit in forest products processing industry combinded with a case study on bamboo processing industry at Anji County in Zhejiang Province.
It found that enterprise, the main organization and units within forest products processing industry, mostly are Small and Midium Forest Enterprises (SMFEs) characteristed with small scale, primary forest products processing and lack of scientific enterprise management which erode their competitiveness and restrict the further development. At the same time, China forest products industry external environment, policy-related laws and regulations is not perfect. There are weakness and even lack of Credit business and policy in forest product processing resulted in the phenomenon of credit rationing. From the value chain of China forest products processing industry, the upper of the chain, forest resources in the cultivation and production can not meet the growing trend of forest products processing industry. At the links of Research and Development (R&D), due to the lack of technological innovation, there are lack of China enterprises and brand in the market of intensive processing forest products. At the marketing aspect, also the final and key link of the forest products value-added, the international market are neglected by forest products processing enterprises, especially SMFEs, thereby limiting the space for value-added forest products.
Consided the current situation and problems of China forest products processing industry and it’s value chain, combined with the main body of forest products processing enterprises, the Government functions, as well as the role of credit institutions, the promoting strategy of China forest products processing industry value chain upgrading are followed:
(1) At the techonological inovationg, improving China forest products processing industry innovation system, establishment of R&D center or institution in forest products processing enterprises, strengthening of key forest products processing technology, especially high-technology intensive processing of forest products, as well as green processing technology, and the establishment of innovative team for the forest products industry to provide sustainable competitiveness and development, are the most important. (2) At the enterprise management, in order to obtain competitive, it should transfer the traditional cost management approach into value chain cost management to control the cost of business activities in the chain for establishment of cost advantage. 5S sit management strategic should be adopted to improve the production and processing efficiency for upgrading processing, in addition to international marketing planning and brand management for upgrading forest products, as well as expanding value-added space for forest products. (3) At the China credit system for forest products industry, forest products processing industry value chain credit system should be builded from raw materials cultivation and production, processing production to marketing, in particular aspects of export trade, which including variety of credit institutions, different credit operations, variable credit interest, both commercial and political credit insititute. In particular, overseas credit support strategic framework should be constructed to provid support funding and alleviate the shortage of raw materials. At the same time in order to alleviate the issue of credit rationing for forest product processing industry, credit institutions should change their concepts, strengthen the quantitative risk management, and forest products processing enterprises will have to strengthen the financial and accounting management to upgrade their credit reputation for improvement their access to credit capacity.
To sum up, in spite of China forest products processing industry is faced with a wide range of domestic and foreign competition and pressure, this study based with major internal and external factors and the value chain analysis shows that it is porssibal and feasible way to upgrading China's forest products industry value chain wtihe the breakthrough point of technological innovation, enterprise management and credit system.
研究结果发现,我国林产品加工业内部主体,即林产品加工企业,作为林产品加工业内部组织单元,当前多数为较小规模的中小林企,这些企业的特点是规模小,多从事林产品初级加工,其企业管理缺乏科学性,从而削弱了自身的竞争力,限制了企业的进一步发展。同时我国林产品加工业的外部环境,相关法律法规政策还不够完善。相关信贷业务和政策存在缺陷,甚至缺乏,导致林产品加工业融资一直存在信贷配给现象。从我国林产品加工业价值链来看,在上游环节,我国林木资源的培育与生产无法满足林产品加工业日益壮大的发展趋势;在林产品生产加工环节,由于缺乏技术创新,导致了精深加工林产品市场一直缺少我国企业的身影和品牌;在营销环节,这也是林产品增值的最后一个关键的环节,我国多数中小林产品加工企业忽视了国际市场,进而限制了林产品增值的空间。
根据我国林产品加工业的现状和问题,从其价值链出发,结合林产品加工企业的主体地位,政府的职能,以及信贷机构的参与作用,提出以下促进我国林产品加工业价值链升级的战略:
(1)在林产品加工业研发环节,关键要完善我国林产品加工业的创新体系,建立林产品加工企业研发中心或机构,加强林产品加工业的关键技术,尤其是高精深林产品加工技术,以及绿色环保林产品加工技术的研究,并建立林产品加工业创新团队,为林产品加工业的持续竞争力提供人才保障。
(2)在林产品加工企业管理方面,为了获取竞争力,应该改变以往传统的成本管理办法,采用价值链成本管理这一理念和方法,从价值增值的过程控制林产品加工企业经营活动的成本,形成成本优势,并通过5S战略优化林产品生产加工现场的管理,提高生产加工效率,实现林产品工艺流程的升级,此外要进行品牌规划和国际营销管理,实现林产品的升级,以及扩展林产品增值的空间。
(3)在林产品加工业信贷制度方面,主要是构建林产品加工业的价值链信贷体系,从林产品加工业的研发、原料培育生产、加工生产以及营销,尤其是出口贸易环节出发,建立信贷机构多样,信贷业务不尽相同,信贷利率不一,商业性质和政策性质并存的林产品加工业信贷支持体系。尤其是我国林产品加工业海外战略信贷支持框架,对缓解我国林产品加工业原料不足的问题,以及出口贸易扶持问题提供了资金保障。同时为了缓解我国林产品加工业的信贷配给问题,信贷机构要改变观念,加强风险管理的量化工作,而林产品加工企业则要加强财务会计管理,提升自己信用信誉,以提高企业的信贷获取能力。
综上所述,尽管我国林产品加工业面临着国内国外各种各样的竞争和压力,但通过对其价值链的分析,从价值链内部和外部的主要影响因素出发,以林产品加工业的技术创新,企业管理和信贷制度为突破口,是当前提升我国林产品加工业价值链可行的途径。
Forest products processing industry bearing the main forest products production and supply is the leading industry of China forestry, which determines the level of development of the forestry system construction and development, also an important part of comprehensively promoting the construction of modern forestry and building advancing forestry system. However, to speed up the development of China forest products industry is still facing a severe situation. As a result of economic globalization, in particular, the global pattern of trade in forest products, forest products processing industry confront with the fierce competition from other country, in addition to international financial crisis, China forest products industry also suffered a blow. This study analysize technological innovation, enterprise management, credit in forest products processing industry combinded with a case study on bamboo processing industry at Anji County in Zhejiang Province.
It found that enterprise, the main organization and units within forest products processing industry, mostly are Small and Midium Forest Enterprises (SMFEs) characteristed with small scale, primary forest products processing and lack of scientific enterprise management which erode their competitiveness and restrict the further development. At the same time, China forest products industry external environment, policy-related laws and regulations is not perfect. There are weakness and even lack of Credit business and policy in forest product processing resulted in the phenomenon of credit rationing. From the value chain of China forest products processing industry, the upper of the chain, forest resources in the cultivation and production can not meet the growing trend of forest products processing industry. At the links of Research and Development (R&D), due to the lack of technological innovation, there are lack of China enterprises and brand in the market of intensive processing forest products. At the marketing aspect, also the final and key link of the forest products value-added, the international market are neglected by forest products processing enterprises, especially SMFEs, thereby limiting the space for value-added forest products.
Consided the current situation and problems of China forest products processing industry and it’s value chain, combined with the main body of forest products processing enterprises, the Government functions, as well as the role of credit institutions, the promoting strategy of China forest products processing industry value chain upgrading are followed:
(1) At the techonological inovationg, improving China forest products processing industry innovation system, establishment of R&D center or institution in forest products processing enterprises, strengthening of key forest products processing technology, especially high-technology intensive processing of forest products, as well as green processing technology, and the establishment of innovative team for the forest products industry to provide sustainable competitiveness and development, are the most important. (2) At the enterprise management, in order to obtain competitive, it should transfer the traditional cost management approach into value chain cost management to control the cost of business activities in the chain for establishment of cost advantage. 5S sit management strategic should be adopted to improve the production and processing efficiency for upgrading processing, in addition to international marketing planning and brand management for upgrading forest products, as well as expanding value-added space for forest products. (3) At the China credit system for forest products industry, forest products processing industry value chain credit system should be builded from raw materials cultivation and production, processing production to marketing, in particular aspects of export trade, which including variety of credit institutions, different credit operations, variable credit interest, both commercial and political credit insititute. In particular, overseas credit support strategic framework should be constructed to provid support funding and alleviate the shortage of raw materials. At the same time in order to alleviate the issue of credit rationing for forest product processing industry, credit institutions should change their concepts, strengthen the quantitative risk management, and forest products processing enterprises will have to strengthen the financial and accounting management to upgrade their credit reputation for improvement their access to credit capacity.
To sum up, in spite of China forest products processing industry is faced with a wide range of domestic and foreign competition and pressure, this study based with major internal and external factors and the value chain analysis shows that it is porssibal and feasible way to upgrading China's forest products industry value chain wtihe the breakthrough point of technological innovation, enterprise management and credit system.
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