植保机械混药器及其农药在线混合性能研究
|
摘要
本文分析了在线混合混药器工作机理,确定了混药器基本结构及相关尺寸,设计了4种不同结构的混药器:C型为吸药口在喉管后、B型为吸药口在喉管中、G型为吸药口在喉管后斜向吸入、D型为吸药口在喉管前。
利用CFD对混药器的内部流场进行了数值模拟,表明C型混药器吸药性能最好;B型混药器吸药性能一般;G型混药器吸药性能较差;D型混药器吸药性能最差。同时进行了吸药性能试验,结果验证了仿真的可靠性。
进行了混药器内部流场流动图像数据采集和分析。用水加示踪剂进行了在线混合试验,结果表明,除G型混药器外,随计量泵指示流量增加,混合效果明显改善;随离心泵指示流量增加,混合效果逐渐变差。
针对不同农药属性采用C型混药器的在线混合内部流场,对Prime oil和Silicon oil加示踪剂进行了在线混合试验,表明用C型混药器均能实现在线混合,但是对Silicon oil的混合效果和混合均匀性要优于Prime oil。
分析了在不同农药属性、不同混药器结构、不同喷雾机工作参数下,混药器的吸药性能、混合效果、混药均匀性的综合影响因素,表明足够的工作液速度能够实现稳定吸药;良好的混合效果与吸药口位置有关,同时工作液与农药的流动方向应相互垂直,并要求有合理的喉管工作液流速与农药流速比。
The mechanism of in-line-mixing inside the chemical mixers was first studied which is a critical component in the direct in-line injection systems to ensure that systems can apply pesticides uniformly to target areas. In light of that, the internal configurations and geometric dimensions were determined in the design of an in-line-mixing chemical mixer. Mixers with four different Venturi mixing chambers were then developed for tests: a C-type mixer with the injection point downstream of the constricted section, a B-type mixer with the injection point at the midpoint of the constricted section, a G-type mixer with an angled injection point downstream of the constricted section, and a D-type mixer with the injection point upstream of the constricted section.
A computational fluid dynamics program (FLUENT) was used to assist the simulation of the internal flow field inside the in-line-mixing mixers. The computer simulations showed that among the four mixers the C-type mixer had the best performance in delivery of fluid to the mixing chamber, followed by the B-type and then G-type mixer while the D-type mixer had the worst performance. Test results agreed with predicted performances of the computer simulations.
Machine vision technologies were used to analyze the chemical mixing process inside the mixing chamber and a special program was developed to acquire and process digital images of two-phase flow fields recorded by a camera. A water-based water-soluble liquid were used as simulated pesticides for the test. Experiments were conducted that fluorescent tracers were mixed with simulated pesticides enabling the camera to track the mixing process in the transparent chamber. The experimental result showed that except for the G-type mixer, all other three mixers had significantly constant injection flow rates and produced uniform mixtures for water-based simulated pesticide. However, the increase of water flow rate from the centrifugal pump reduced gradually the mixing performance.
The in-line-mixing experiments for C-type mixer and different chemicals with oil-based water-soluble liquid and non-water-soluble liquid were conducted. For the oil-based water-soluble liquid (Prime oil) and non-water-soluble liquid (Silicon oil), the C-type mixer had the highest mixture uniformity index among the four mixers. Also, the C-type mixer had a high uniformity index for mixing the non-water-soluble liquid (Silicon oil) than the oil based water-soluble liquid (Prime oil).
This research established relationships among mixture uniformity, amount of simulated pesticides injected, physical properties of simulated pesticides, configurations of in-line mixers, and sprayer operating conditions. It was demonstrated that mixture uniformity could be greatly improved by a proper mixer, injection point position, injection direction, and the ratio of water flow speed and the injection flow speed through the mixing chamber.
利用CFD对混药器的内部流场进行了数值模拟,表明C型混药器吸药性能最好;B型混药器吸药性能一般;G型混药器吸药性能较差;D型混药器吸药性能最差。同时进行了吸药性能试验,结果验证了仿真的可靠性。
进行了混药器内部流场流动图像数据采集和分析。用水加示踪剂进行了在线混合试验,结果表明,除G型混药器外,随计量泵指示流量增加,混合效果明显改善;随离心泵指示流量增加,混合效果逐渐变差。
针对不同农药属性采用C型混药器的在线混合内部流场,对Prime oil和Silicon oil加示踪剂进行了在线混合试验,表明用C型混药器均能实现在线混合,但是对Silicon oil的混合效果和混合均匀性要优于Prime oil。
分析了在不同农药属性、不同混药器结构、不同喷雾机工作参数下,混药器的吸药性能、混合效果、混药均匀性的综合影响因素,表明足够的工作液速度能够实现稳定吸药;良好的混合效果与吸药口位置有关,同时工作液与农药的流动方向应相互垂直,并要求有合理的喉管工作液流速与农药流速比。
The mechanism of in-line-mixing inside the chemical mixers was first studied which is a critical component in the direct in-line injection systems to ensure that systems can apply pesticides uniformly to target areas. In light of that, the internal configurations and geometric dimensions were determined in the design of an in-line-mixing chemical mixer. Mixers with four different Venturi mixing chambers were then developed for tests: a C-type mixer with the injection point downstream of the constricted section, a B-type mixer with the injection point at the midpoint of the constricted section, a G-type mixer with an angled injection point downstream of the constricted section, and a D-type mixer with the injection point upstream of the constricted section.
A computational fluid dynamics program (FLUENT) was used to assist the simulation of the internal flow field inside the in-line-mixing mixers. The computer simulations showed that among the four mixers the C-type mixer had the best performance in delivery of fluid to the mixing chamber, followed by the B-type and then G-type mixer while the D-type mixer had the worst performance. Test results agreed with predicted performances of the computer simulations.
Machine vision technologies were used to analyze the chemical mixing process inside the mixing chamber and a special program was developed to acquire and process digital images of two-phase flow fields recorded by a camera. A water-based water-soluble liquid were used as simulated pesticides for the test. Experiments were conducted that fluorescent tracers were mixed with simulated pesticides enabling the camera to track the mixing process in the transparent chamber. The experimental result showed that except for the G-type mixer, all other three mixers had significantly constant injection flow rates and produced uniform mixtures for water-based simulated pesticide. However, the increase of water flow rate from the centrifugal pump reduced gradually the mixing performance.
The in-line-mixing experiments for C-type mixer and different chemicals with oil-based water-soluble liquid and non-water-soluble liquid were conducted. For the oil-based water-soluble liquid (Prime oil) and non-water-soluble liquid (Silicon oil), the C-type mixer had the highest mixture uniformity index among the four mixers. Also, the C-type mixer had a high uniformity index for mixing the non-water-soluble liquid (Silicon oil) than the oil based water-soluble liquid (Prime oil).
This research established relationships among mixture uniformity, amount of simulated pesticides injected, physical properties of simulated pesticides, configurations of in-line mixers, and sprayer operating conditions. It was demonstrated that mixture uniformity could be greatly improved by a proper mixer, injection point position, injection direction, and the ratio of water flow speed and the injection flow speed through the mixing chamber.
引文
[1]张家兴.植物保护发展对策研究[J].植物保护. 2001, 27(5):36-39
[2]郑加强等. 21世纪精确农药使用方法展望[J]. 21世纪植物保护发展战略研讨会,2001年,成都
[3]何雄奎.植保机械化现状与对策[J].农机科技推广. 2005,7:10-11
[4]汪建军.提高农药利用率的对策[J].植物医生,2008,21(3):48-49
[5]杨学军,严荷荣,徐赛章,刘仲.植保机械的研究现状及发展趋势[J].农业机械学报,2002,33(6):129-131,137
[6]郑加强,周宏平,徐幼林.农药精确使用技术.北京:科学技术出版社,2004
[7]赵其国城市生态环境保护与可持续发展[C].南京科学技术年会2003南京
[8]祁力钧,傅泽田,史岩.化学农药施用技术与粮食安全[J].农业工程学报, 2002, 18(6): 203-206
[9]何雄奎.改变我国植保机械和施药技术严重落后的现状[J].农业工程学报, 2004, 20(1): 13-15
[10]弋晓康.植保机械的现状及发展趋势[J].河南农业科学. 2006, 4: 72-73
[11]郑加强,周宏平,徐幼林,赵茂程,张慧春,葛玉峰,向海涛,陈勇.农药精确对靶施用及其系统设计(英文)[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(11):67-72
[12]郑加强,徐幼林.可持续发展的精确林业思想研究[J].南京林业大学学报(人文社会科学版),2004,4(3)26-30
[13]邵振润,郭永旺.我国施药机械与施药技术现状及对策[J].植物保护, 2006,32 (2):5-8
[14]佚名.国内植保机械亟待更新[J].中国供销商情,2005,(9):18
[15]索荣.国内植保存在三大安全问题[J].农机质量与监督,2005,(4):22
[16]徐幼林,郑加强.醋作为除草剂及其使用效果研究[J].农业系统科学与综合研究,2004, 20(4): 317-320
[17]徐幼林,郑加强.美国的两种植物保护新装置[J].植保技术与推广,2001,21(12)
[18]徐幼林,周宏平,张沂泉,郑加强.高大林木病虫害防治技术研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2004,17(5):21-24
[19]周凤芳,徐幼林,周宏平.喷雾机混药装置的研究现状与发展[J].中华卫生杀虫药械,2005,11(6):387-380
[20]傅锡敏,周立新,龚艳,夏萍.农药污染控制与现代植保技术[J].中国农机化,2006,(3):40-42
[21]赵明宇,王英姿,邱立春,何凤宇.我国植保机械的使用现状及发展趋势[J].中国农机化,2004,(3):37-38
[22]姚会春,徐幼林,郑加强,周宏平.植保机械全寿命生态设计方法研究进展[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2004,28(5):99-102
[23] Amsden, R.C. The metering and dispensing of granules and liquid concentrations. BritishCrop Protection Council[J]. Monograph 1970., 2,:124-129.
[24] Heping Zhu. Reducing metering lag and nonuniformity for injection sprayers applying highly viscous fluid. PH.D Dissertation[D]. Ohio State University 1996, Columbus
[25] Hughes, K.L. and A.R. Frost. A review of agricultural spray metering[J]. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research. 1985, 32:197-207.
[26] Frost, A.R. A pesticide injection metering system for use on agricultural spraying machines[J]. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research. 1990, 46:55-70.
[27] Larson, G.H., D.K. Kuhlman and G. TenEyck. Direct metering of pesticide concentrations[J]. 1982, ASAE Paper No. MC82-134, ASAE, St. Joseph, MI 49085.
[28] Reichard, D.L. and T.L. Ladd. Pesticide injection and transfer system for field sprayers [C]. Transactions of the ASAE. 1983, 26(3):683-686.
[29] Ghate, S.R. and S.C. Phatak. A compressed air direct injection pesticide sprayer[J]. Applied Engineering in Agriculture. 1991, 7(2):158-162.
[30]何培杰.双级射流混药装置理论与实验研究:[博士学位论文][D].镇江:江苏理工大学, 2002
[31] Koo, Y. M., H. R. Summer. Total flow control for a direct injection sprayer[J]. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 1998, 14(4)
[32] Steward, B. L., D. S. Humburg. Modeling the raven SCS-700 chemical injection system with carrier control with sprayer simulation[J]. Transactions of the ASAE,2000,43(2).
[33] Audsley, E. Operational research analysis of patch spraying[J]. Crop protection 1993,12:111-119
[34] Gillis,Kevin P., D. Ken Giles,David C. Slaughter,D. Downey, Assoc. Injection and fluid handling system for machine-vision controlled spraying[C] , 2001 ASAE Annual International Meeting,Sacramento, California, USA
[35] Gillis,K. P. D.,K. Giles, D. C. Slaughter, D. Downey. Injection mixing system for boomless, target-activated herbicide spraying[J]. Transactions of the ASAE,2003,46(4): 997–1008
[36] Slaughter, D. C., D. K. Giles, and C. Tauzer. Precision offset spray system for roadway shoulder weed control [J]. Transportation Eng. 1999,125(4): 364–371.
[37] Hloben, P., M. S?kefeld, and P. Schulze Lammers. Untersuchungen der Verz?gerungszeiten von Direkeinspeisungssystemen für die teilschlagspeziefische Applikation von Herbizieden (Study on Direct Injection System’s Response Time for Site-specific Herbicide Application) [J]. Agrartechnische Forschung. 2006, 12(1): 14-18.
[38]吴萍、陈长林、赵刚.背负式手动喷雾器混药装置的研究[J]。中国农机化,2000,(5):33-35
[39]何培杰、吴春笃、陈翠英、王光亮、李雪辉.新型喷雾混药装置性能研究[J].农业机械学报,2001,32(3):44-47
[40]郭宇波.在线混药装置研制与药液混合均匀性的研究: [硕士学位论文] [D].北京:中国农业大学,2007
[41] Carter, L.M. and J.M. Miller. An improved mixing chamber for variable dosage sprayers[J]. Weed Science. 1970. 18(6):717-719.
[42] Ahmad, S.I., B.J. Butler and L.E. Bode. Development of a variable-rate pesticide spraying system[C]. ASAE Paper No. 79-1007, 1979 ASAE, St. Joseph, MI 49085.
[43] Bouse, L.F., J.B. Carlton and J.C. Brusse. Dry materials metering system for aircraft[J]. Transactions of the ASAE. 1982, 25(2):316-320.
[44] Grunewald, R. Precision chemical injection into spray boom lines[C]. ASAE Paper No. 86-1461, 1986. ASAE, St. Joseph, MI 49085.
[45] Way, T.R., K.Von Bargen, R.D. Grisso and L.L. Bashford. Flowmeters for liquid herbicide formulations[J]. Transactions of the ASAE. 1991.34(2):379-384.
[46] Rudolph, W.W. Chemical application safer and less costly using injection[C]. ASAE Paper No. 941067, 1994 ASAE, St. Joseph, MI 49085.
[47] Sudduth, K.A., S.C. Borgelt and J. Hou. Performance of a chemical injection sprayer system[J]. Applied Engineering in Agriculture. 1995. 11(3):343-348.
[48] Jiri Vondricka, Peter Hloben, Peter Schulze Lammers. Optimization of Direct Nozzle Injection System for Site-Specific Herbicide Application [C]. ASABE Paper No. 071085, 2007 ASABE Annual International Meeting.
[49]郭敬坤.农药药水在线混合效果的数字图像处理技术研究:[硕士学位论文] [D].南京林业大学,2008.
[50]刘素芬.交叉导流式微型混沌混合器的研究:[博士学位论文][D].杭州:浙江大学, 2005
[51]孙淮清,王建中.流量测量节流装置设计手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005
[52]陆宏圻.喷射技术理论及应用[M].武汉,武汉大学出版社,2004
[53]陈卓如等.工程流体力学(第二版) [M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004
[54] E.John Finnemore, Joseph B.Franzini. Fuid Mechanics with Engineering Applications[M].(钱翼稷,周玉文) [M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006
[55]朱仁庆,杨松林,杨大明.实验流体力学[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2005.
[56]闻德荪.工程流体力学(水力学)(第二版,下册) [M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004
[57]禹华谦.工程流体力学(水力学)(第二版,下册) [M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,2007
[58]陈春,聂松林,吴正江,李壮云.高压水射流的CFD仿真及分析[J].机床与液压, 2006, (2) : 103-105
[59]袁东栩,袁渊,冯志华.基于FLUENT的喷气织机主喷嘴气流场分析[J].苏州大学学报(工科版),2007,27(2):14-17
[60]周国忠.搅拌槽内流动与混合过程的实验研究及数值模拟[D].北京化工大学, 2002.
[61]韩占忠,王敬,兰小平.FLUENT流体工程仿真计算实例与应用[M]。北京:北京理工大学出版社,2004.
[62]于勇. FLUENT入门与进阶教程[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社. 2008
[63]王瑞金,张凯,王刚. FlUENT技术基础与应用实例[M].2007
[64]严海军,徐成波,陆文红,欧阳俊.摇臂式喷头内流道流动分析与数值模拟[J].水利学报,2009,40(1):123-127
[65]张杰山,过学迅,许涛,程飞.液力变矩器流道网格生成及内流场数值分析[J].武汉理工大学学报,2007,29(7):106-109
[66]王振松,李良超,黄雄斌.固-液搅拌槽内槽底流场的CFD模拟[J].北京化工大学学报(自然科学版),2005,32(4):5-9.
[67]和彦杰,李建明,陈志.有底流连续澄清槽中液体流动分析[J].机械,2001,28(2):11-13
[68]李石栋,张仁元,陈观生,王灵秀.微螺旋混合器的混合实验研究及数值模拟分析[J].广东工业大学学报,2008,25(4):13-16
[69]黄娜,吴剑华,张春梅,金丹.边界条件对SK型静态混合器层流流场的影响[J].北京化工大学学报(自然科学版),2008,35(4):90-94
[70]约翰D.安德森.计算流体力学基础及其应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007
[71]陈卓如等.工程流体力学(第二版) [M].北京,高等教育出版社,2004
[72] E.John Finnemore, Joseph B.Franzini. Fuid Mechanics with Engineering Applications.(钱翼稷,周玉文) [M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006
[73] H. R. Sumner, G. C. Rains, P. E. Sumner. String collectors to determine lag time of injection sprayers. Applied Engineering in Agriculture[J]. American Society of Agricultural Engineers. 2000.16(5): 471-476
[74]杨燕勤,安志强,经树栋.喷射器流场的数值模拟研究[J].西南民族大学学报·自然科学版. 2006,32(2):316-323
[75]王磊,张东速,陈瑞.基于Fluent的模拟旋转锥形射流计算分析[J].煤矿机械,2006,27(6):992-993
[76] Wene Wang, Fujun Wang, Fengjiao Zhao. Simulation Of Unsteady Flow In Labyrinth Emitter Of Drip[A]. Irrigation System Computers in Agriculture and Natural Resources, 4th World Congress Conference:630-635.
[77] Kai Zhang, Jiyu Zhang and Biiang Zhang. CFD Model of Dense Gas2solid Systems in Jetting Fluidized Beds[J]. CHEM. RES. CHINESE U. 2002 , 18(2) , 117—120
[78]施卫东,叶忠明.刘建瑞,王准.一种新型射流式自吸泵进口流场的数值模拟[J].农业机械学报:20 06, 37(10):50-52.
[79]郭敬坤.农药药水在线混合效果的数字图像处理技术研究:[硕士学位论文] [D].南京,南京林业大学, 2008.
[80] EPIX Inc. REFERENCE MANUAL for XCAPTM Interactive Image Analysis[R]. Version 3.0, Copyright?1998-2007 EPIX, Inc.
[81]王家文,曹宇. MATLAB 6.5图形图像处理技术[M].国防工业出版社,2004
[82]王爱玲,叶明生,邓秋香. MATLAB R2007图像处理技术与应用[M].电子工业出版社,2008
[83]何茂刚,郭盈,钟秋,张颖.一种新的测定流体质扩散系数的全息干涉图像处理方法[J].西安交通大学学报,2008,42(11):1350-1355
[84]文慧俭,崔延君.利用图像处理技术进行荧光图像的自动解释[J].断块油气田, 2008, 15(1):34-36
[85]文慧俭,申家年,耿长喜,左铁秋.荧光图像技术定量识别油层水淹程度[J].断块油气田,2007,14(3):56-58
[86]陈永国,田子平,钟志强,赵刚,陈俊,缪正清.基于图像处理技术的循环流化床流体动力特性的研究[J].动力工程,2003,23(2):2298-2302
[87]屠豫钦.农药剂型与制剂使用方法[M].北京,金盾出版社,2007
[88]袁会珠.农药使用技术指南[M].北京,化学工业出版社,2004
[89]张梅凤,范金勇,崔蕊蕊,张秀珍.水基性农药制剂及其加工技术[J].农村新技术,2008,(22):72-74
[90]黎金嘉.再论农药乳油制剂[J].农药市场信息,2008,(5):4-5
[91]王林,李明.农药水悬浮剂的特点及研制方法[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(35) :15566-15567
[92]余雷.不同剂型农药施用方法区别[J].农药市场信息,2008,(20):42
[93]陈业兵.农药剂型及其农药的有效利用[J].农药研究与应用,2008,12(5):15-17
[94]蒋品,贺建强,王荣敏.不同农药剂型的特点和注意事项[J].河北果树,2008,(3):37-38
[95]冯国明.农药的剂型与安全使用[J].植物医生,2008,21(1):45-46
[2]郑加强等. 21世纪精确农药使用方法展望[J]. 21世纪植物保护发展战略研讨会,2001年,成都
[3]何雄奎.植保机械化现状与对策[J].农机科技推广. 2005,7:10-11
[4]汪建军.提高农药利用率的对策[J].植物医生,2008,21(3):48-49
[5]杨学军,严荷荣,徐赛章,刘仲.植保机械的研究现状及发展趋势[J].农业机械学报,2002,33(6):129-131,137
[6]郑加强,周宏平,徐幼林.农药精确使用技术.北京:科学技术出版社,2004
[7]赵其国城市生态环境保护与可持续发展[C].南京科学技术年会2003南京
[8]祁力钧,傅泽田,史岩.化学农药施用技术与粮食安全[J].农业工程学报, 2002, 18(6): 203-206
[9]何雄奎.改变我国植保机械和施药技术严重落后的现状[J].农业工程学报, 2004, 20(1): 13-15
[10]弋晓康.植保机械的现状及发展趋势[J].河南农业科学. 2006, 4: 72-73
[11]郑加强,周宏平,徐幼林,赵茂程,张慧春,葛玉峰,向海涛,陈勇.农药精确对靶施用及其系统设计(英文)[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(11):67-72
[12]郑加强,徐幼林.可持续发展的精确林业思想研究[J].南京林业大学学报(人文社会科学版),2004,4(3)26-30
[13]邵振润,郭永旺.我国施药机械与施药技术现状及对策[J].植物保护, 2006,32 (2):5-8
[14]佚名.国内植保机械亟待更新[J].中国供销商情,2005,(9):18
[15]索荣.国内植保存在三大安全问题[J].农机质量与监督,2005,(4):22
[16]徐幼林,郑加强.醋作为除草剂及其使用效果研究[J].农业系统科学与综合研究,2004, 20(4): 317-320
[17]徐幼林,郑加强.美国的两种植物保护新装置[J].植保技术与推广,2001,21(12)
[18]徐幼林,周宏平,张沂泉,郑加强.高大林木病虫害防治技术研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2004,17(5):21-24
[19]周凤芳,徐幼林,周宏平.喷雾机混药装置的研究现状与发展[J].中华卫生杀虫药械,2005,11(6):387-380
[20]傅锡敏,周立新,龚艳,夏萍.农药污染控制与现代植保技术[J].中国农机化,2006,(3):40-42
[21]赵明宇,王英姿,邱立春,何凤宇.我国植保机械的使用现状及发展趋势[J].中国农机化,2004,(3):37-38
[22]姚会春,徐幼林,郑加强,周宏平.植保机械全寿命生态设计方法研究进展[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2004,28(5):99-102
[23] Amsden, R.C. The metering and dispensing of granules and liquid concentrations. BritishCrop Protection Council[J]. Monograph 1970., 2,:124-129.
[24] Heping Zhu. Reducing metering lag and nonuniformity for injection sprayers applying highly viscous fluid. PH.D Dissertation[D]. Ohio State University 1996, Columbus
[25] Hughes, K.L. and A.R. Frost. A review of agricultural spray metering[J]. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research. 1985, 32:197-207.
[26] Frost, A.R. A pesticide injection metering system for use on agricultural spraying machines[J]. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research. 1990, 46:55-70.
[27] Larson, G.H., D.K. Kuhlman and G. TenEyck. Direct metering of pesticide concentrations[J]. 1982, ASAE Paper No. MC82-134, ASAE, St. Joseph, MI 49085.
[28] Reichard, D.L. and T.L. Ladd. Pesticide injection and transfer system for field sprayers [C]. Transactions of the ASAE. 1983, 26(3):683-686.
[29] Ghate, S.R. and S.C. Phatak. A compressed air direct injection pesticide sprayer[J]. Applied Engineering in Agriculture. 1991, 7(2):158-162.
[30]何培杰.双级射流混药装置理论与实验研究:[博士学位论文][D].镇江:江苏理工大学, 2002
[31] Koo, Y. M., H. R. Summer. Total flow control for a direct injection sprayer[J]. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 1998, 14(4)
[32] Steward, B. L., D. S. Humburg. Modeling the raven SCS-700 chemical injection system with carrier control with sprayer simulation[J]. Transactions of the ASAE,2000,43(2).
[33] Audsley, E. Operational research analysis of patch spraying[J]. Crop protection 1993,12:111-119
[34] Gillis,Kevin P., D. Ken Giles,David C. Slaughter,D. Downey, Assoc. Injection and fluid handling system for machine-vision controlled spraying[C] , 2001 ASAE Annual International Meeting,Sacramento, California, USA
[35] Gillis,K. P. D.,K. Giles, D. C. Slaughter, D. Downey. Injection mixing system for boomless, target-activated herbicide spraying[J]. Transactions of the ASAE,2003,46(4): 997–1008
[36] Slaughter, D. C., D. K. Giles, and C. Tauzer. Precision offset spray system for roadway shoulder weed control [J]. Transportation Eng. 1999,125(4): 364–371.
[37] Hloben, P., M. S?kefeld, and P. Schulze Lammers. Untersuchungen der Verz?gerungszeiten von Direkeinspeisungssystemen für die teilschlagspeziefische Applikation von Herbizieden (Study on Direct Injection System’s Response Time for Site-specific Herbicide Application) [J]. Agrartechnische Forschung. 2006, 12(1): 14-18.
[38]吴萍、陈长林、赵刚.背负式手动喷雾器混药装置的研究[J]。中国农机化,2000,(5):33-35
[39]何培杰、吴春笃、陈翠英、王光亮、李雪辉.新型喷雾混药装置性能研究[J].农业机械学报,2001,32(3):44-47
[40]郭宇波.在线混药装置研制与药液混合均匀性的研究: [硕士学位论文] [D].北京:中国农业大学,2007
[41] Carter, L.M. and J.M. Miller. An improved mixing chamber for variable dosage sprayers[J]. Weed Science. 1970. 18(6):717-719.
[42] Ahmad, S.I., B.J. Butler and L.E. Bode. Development of a variable-rate pesticide spraying system[C]. ASAE Paper No. 79-1007, 1979 ASAE, St. Joseph, MI 49085.
[43] Bouse, L.F., J.B. Carlton and J.C. Brusse. Dry materials metering system for aircraft[J]. Transactions of the ASAE. 1982, 25(2):316-320.
[44] Grunewald, R. Precision chemical injection into spray boom lines[C]. ASAE Paper No. 86-1461, 1986. ASAE, St. Joseph, MI 49085.
[45] Way, T.R., K.Von Bargen, R.D. Grisso and L.L. Bashford. Flowmeters for liquid herbicide formulations[J]. Transactions of the ASAE. 1991.34(2):379-384.
[46] Rudolph, W.W. Chemical application safer and less costly using injection[C]. ASAE Paper No. 941067, 1994 ASAE, St. Joseph, MI 49085.
[47] Sudduth, K.A., S.C. Borgelt and J. Hou. Performance of a chemical injection sprayer system[J]. Applied Engineering in Agriculture. 1995. 11(3):343-348.
[48] Jiri Vondricka, Peter Hloben, Peter Schulze Lammers. Optimization of Direct Nozzle Injection System for Site-Specific Herbicide Application [C]. ASABE Paper No. 071085, 2007 ASABE Annual International Meeting.
[49]郭敬坤.农药药水在线混合效果的数字图像处理技术研究:[硕士学位论文] [D].南京林业大学,2008.
[50]刘素芬.交叉导流式微型混沌混合器的研究:[博士学位论文][D].杭州:浙江大学, 2005
[51]孙淮清,王建中.流量测量节流装置设计手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005
[52]陆宏圻.喷射技术理论及应用[M].武汉,武汉大学出版社,2004
[53]陈卓如等.工程流体力学(第二版) [M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004
[54] E.John Finnemore, Joseph B.Franzini. Fuid Mechanics with Engineering Applications[M].(钱翼稷,周玉文) [M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006
[55]朱仁庆,杨松林,杨大明.实验流体力学[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2005.
[56]闻德荪.工程流体力学(水力学)(第二版,下册) [M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004
[57]禹华谦.工程流体力学(水力学)(第二版,下册) [M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,2007
[58]陈春,聂松林,吴正江,李壮云.高压水射流的CFD仿真及分析[J].机床与液压, 2006, (2) : 103-105
[59]袁东栩,袁渊,冯志华.基于FLUENT的喷气织机主喷嘴气流场分析[J].苏州大学学报(工科版),2007,27(2):14-17
[60]周国忠.搅拌槽内流动与混合过程的实验研究及数值模拟[D].北京化工大学, 2002.
[61]韩占忠,王敬,兰小平.FLUENT流体工程仿真计算实例与应用[M]。北京:北京理工大学出版社,2004.
[62]于勇. FLUENT入门与进阶教程[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社. 2008
[63]王瑞金,张凯,王刚. FlUENT技术基础与应用实例[M].2007
[64]严海军,徐成波,陆文红,欧阳俊.摇臂式喷头内流道流动分析与数值模拟[J].水利学报,2009,40(1):123-127
[65]张杰山,过学迅,许涛,程飞.液力变矩器流道网格生成及内流场数值分析[J].武汉理工大学学报,2007,29(7):106-109
[66]王振松,李良超,黄雄斌.固-液搅拌槽内槽底流场的CFD模拟[J].北京化工大学学报(自然科学版),2005,32(4):5-9.
[67]和彦杰,李建明,陈志.有底流连续澄清槽中液体流动分析[J].机械,2001,28(2):11-13
[68]李石栋,张仁元,陈观生,王灵秀.微螺旋混合器的混合实验研究及数值模拟分析[J].广东工业大学学报,2008,25(4):13-16
[69]黄娜,吴剑华,张春梅,金丹.边界条件对SK型静态混合器层流流场的影响[J].北京化工大学学报(自然科学版),2008,35(4):90-94
[70]约翰D.安德森.计算流体力学基础及其应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007
[71]陈卓如等.工程流体力学(第二版) [M].北京,高等教育出版社,2004
[72] E.John Finnemore, Joseph B.Franzini. Fuid Mechanics with Engineering Applications.(钱翼稷,周玉文) [M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006
[73] H. R. Sumner, G. C. Rains, P. E. Sumner. String collectors to determine lag time of injection sprayers. Applied Engineering in Agriculture[J]. American Society of Agricultural Engineers. 2000.16(5): 471-476
[74]杨燕勤,安志强,经树栋.喷射器流场的数值模拟研究[J].西南民族大学学报·自然科学版. 2006,32(2):316-323
[75]王磊,张东速,陈瑞.基于Fluent的模拟旋转锥形射流计算分析[J].煤矿机械,2006,27(6):992-993
[76] Wene Wang, Fujun Wang, Fengjiao Zhao. Simulation Of Unsteady Flow In Labyrinth Emitter Of Drip[A]. Irrigation System Computers in Agriculture and Natural Resources, 4th World Congress Conference:630-635.
[77] Kai Zhang, Jiyu Zhang and Biiang Zhang. CFD Model of Dense Gas2solid Systems in Jetting Fluidized Beds[J]. CHEM. RES. CHINESE U. 2002 , 18(2) , 117—120
[78]施卫东,叶忠明.刘建瑞,王准.一种新型射流式自吸泵进口流场的数值模拟[J].农业机械学报:20 06, 37(10):50-52.
[79]郭敬坤.农药药水在线混合效果的数字图像处理技术研究:[硕士学位论文] [D].南京,南京林业大学, 2008.
[80] EPIX Inc. REFERENCE MANUAL for XCAPTM Interactive Image Analysis[R]. Version 3.0, Copyright?1998-2007 EPIX, Inc.
[81]王家文,曹宇. MATLAB 6.5图形图像处理技术[M].国防工业出版社,2004
[82]王爱玲,叶明生,邓秋香. MATLAB R2007图像处理技术与应用[M].电子工业出版社,2008
[83]何茂刚,郭盈,钟秋,张颖.一种新的测定流体质扩散系数的全息干涉图像处理方法[J].西安交通大学学报,2008,42(11):1350-1355
[84]文慧俭,崔延君.利用图像处理技术进行荧光图像的自动解释[J].断块油气田, 2008, 15(1):34-36
[85]文慧俭,申家年,耿长喜,左铁秋.荧光图像技术定量识别油层水淹程度[J].断块油气田,2007,14(3):56-58
[86]陈永国,田子平,钟志强,赵刚,陈俊,缪正清.基于图像处理技术的循环流化床流体动力特性的研究[J].动力工程,2003,23(2):2298-2302
[87]屠豫钦.农药剂型与制剂使用方法[M].北京,金盾出版社,2007
[88]袁会珠.农药使用技术指南[M].北京,化学工业出版社,2004
[89]张梅凤,范金勇,崔蕊蕊,张秀珍.水基性农药制剂及其加工技术[J].农村新技术,2008,(22):72-74
[90]黎金嘉.再论农药乳油制剂[J].农药市场信息,2008,(5):4-5
[91]王林,李明.农药水悬浮剂的特点及研制方法[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(35) :15566-15567
[92]余雷.不同剂型农药施用方法区别[J].农药市场信息,2008,(20):42
[93]陈业兵.农药剂型及其农药的有效利用[J].农药研究与应用,2008,12(5):15-17
[94]蒋品,贺建强,王荣敏.不同农药剂型的特点和注意事项[J].河北果树,2008,(3):37-38
[95]冯国明.农药的剂型与安全使用[J].植物医生,2008,21(1):45-46
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |