低渗透油藏井网部署的油藏工程方法研究
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摘要
本文是基于低渗透油藏在开发中所面临的实际问题,在总结前人已有成果的基础上,对低渗透油藏的渗流规律进行了研究,完成了以下研究工作:
(1)基于特低渗透油藏流体非线性渗流模型,推导出注水见效时间的数学方程。结果表明:特低渗透油藏中,非线性渗流特性对注水见效时间有显著影响,油井见效时间与井距有很好的相关关系,减小井距可大大缩短油井见效时间。
(2)提出了有效动用系数的概念,根据储层渗透率、流体粘度、井网形式、井距、非线性渗流参数和人工裂缝长度,能快速计算出储层的有效动用系数,可用于低渗透油藏现场开发方案的井网优化及现有井网储层有效动用程度的评价。
(3)推导出了常规低渗透油藏下考虑启动压力梯度和特低渗透油藏下考虑非线性渗流段的不同井网单井产量公式,包括五点井网,反七点井网、正方形反九点井网和菱形反九点井网以及考虑油水井压裂的矩形五点井网、反七点井网、正方形反九点井网和菱形反九点井网的单井产量公式和有效动用系数计算公式,并验证了公式的合理性。
(4)分析了不同参数对渗流过程的影响,包括启动压力梯度、井排距、注采压差、人工缝长和不同渗流参数等。通过分析得到:在一定的生产条件下,对不同的井网存在合理的井排距和注采压差,可以用本文研究的方法进行优化设汁。
(5)利本文建立的油藏工程方法,在大庆、吉林和华北油田得到了应用,评价了各个区块的井网适用性,确定了合理的井排距,以更合理地开发这类油田。
In this paper, porous flow mechanics in low permeability reservoirs was studied for the practical problems that occurred during the development of reservoir, which is accomplished on the base of predecessors' work. The main research results we got are as following:
(1)It was revealed by the saturated single liquid seepage experiment that the movement of low speed seepage in low permeability media departs from the law of Darcy, meanwhile the curve of seepage flow would not pass through the origin of coordinates. According to the non-linear flow model of ultra-low permeable reservoir and the reservoir engineering methods, responding time of oil wells was derived. The results showed that: there was a very good correlation between responding time and well spacing, reduced well spacing can greatly shorten responding time.
(2)The concept of the use coefficient was presented. According to known parameters, such as the reservoir permeability, fluid viscosity, well pattern, well spacing, hydraulic fracture length and so on, the use coefficient of the reservoir can be obtained quickly. The results can be used for low permeability reservoir well optimum pattern of site development programs and reservoir evaluation.
(3) Based on the basic formula of non-Darcy flow with low velocity and nonlinear flow model, the formulas of individual well producing rate and the use coefficients were deduced. The areal well patterns included five-spot, inverted seven-spot, inverted nine-spot, rhombic inverted nine-spot well pattern and rectangular well pattern. It was verified that the formulas were reasonable.
(4) The factors affecting production are illuminated. The factors included start-up pressure gradient, well spacing, fracture length and injection-production pressure drawdown. Meantime, how far each factor can affect was discussed and the approaches to enhancing the low permeability reservoir development effect in accordance with actual situation were put forward.
(5) Using the established methods of reservoir engineering at Daqing, Jilin and Huabei oil fields, it discussed the problems about the adaptability research of well pattern in low permeability reservoirs. Calculated the range of reasonable well spacing. Provided accordance for future development adjustment by correctly evaluating low permeability reservoirs.
(1)基于特低渗透油藏流体非线性渗流模型,推导出注水见效时间的数学方程。结果表明:特低渗透油藏中,非线性渗流特性对注水见效时间有显著影响,油井见效时间与井距有很好的相关关系,减小井距可大大缩短油井见效时间。
(2)提出了有效动用系数的概念,根据储层渗透率、流体粘度、井网形式、井距、非线性渗流参数和人工裂缝长度,能快速计算出储层的有效动用系数,可用于低渗透油藏现场开发方案的井网优化及现有井网储层有效动用程度的评价。
(3)推导出了常规低渗透油藏下考虑启动压力梯度和特低渗透油藏下考虑非线性渗流段的不同井网单井产量公式,包括五点井网,反七点井网、正方形反九点井网和菱形反九点井网以及考虑油水井压裂的矩形五点井网、反七点井网、正方形反九点井网和菱形反九点井网的单井产量公式和有效动用系数计算公式,并验证了公式的合理性。
(4)分析了不同参数对渗流过程的影响,包括启动压力梯度、井排距、注采压差、人工缝长和不同渗流参数等。通过分析得到:在一定的生产条件下,对不同的井网存在合理的井排距和注采压差,可以用本文研究的方法进行优化设汁。
(5)利本文建立的油藏工程方法,在大庆、吉林和华北油田得到了应用,评价了各个区块的井网适用性,确定了合理的井排距,以更合理地开发这类油田。
In this paper, porous flow mechanics in low permeability reservoirs was studied for the practical problems that occurred during the development of reservoir, which is accomplished on the base of predecessors' work. The main research results we got are as following:
(1)It was revealed by the saturated single liquid seepage experiment that the movement of low speed seepage in low permeability media departs from the law of Darcy, meanwhile the curve of seepage flow would not pass through the origin of coordinates. According to the non-linear flow model of ultra-low permeable reservoir and the reservoir engineering methods, responding time of oil wells was derived. The results showed that: there was a very good correlation between responding time and well spacing, reduced well spacing can greatly shorten responding time.
(2)The concept of the use coefficient was presented. According to known parameters, such as the reservoir permeability, fluid viscosity, well pattern, well spacing, hydraulic fracture length and so on, the use coefficient of the reservoir can be obtained quickly. The results can be used for low permeability reservoir well optimum pattern of site development programs and reservoir evaluation.
(3) Based on the basic formula of non-Darcy flow with low velocity and nonlinear flow model, the formulas of individual well producing rate and the use coefficients were deduced. The areal well patterns included five-spot, inverted seven-spot, inverted nine-spot, rhombic inverted nine-spot well pattern and rectangular well pattern. It was verified that the formulas were reasonable.
(4) The factors affecting production are illuminated. The factors included start-up pressure gradient, well spacing, fracture length and injection-production pressure drawdown. Meantime, how far each factor can affect was discussed and the approaches to enhancing the low permeability reservoir development effect in accordance with actual situation were put forward.
(5) Using the established methods of reservoir engineering at Daqing, Jilin and Huabei oil fields, it discussed the problems about the adaptability research of well pattern in low permeability reservoirs. Calculated the range of reasonable well spacing. Provided accordance for future development adjustment by correctly evaluating low permeability reservoirs.
引文
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