高强度开采煤体采动裂隙场演化及其与瓦斯流动场耦合作用研究
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摘要
我国是世界上煤与瓦斯突出最为严重的国家之一。近年来的瓦斯相关事故的共同特点是发生事故工作面的煤层条件大部分为厚及特厚煤层,所采用的采煤方法大部分为综采放顶煤、大采高综采等高强度开采方法。
然而,目前在瓦斯灾害以及煤与瓦斯突出的形成机理,瓦斯事故的预警、防治、应急救援等方面基础研究还很不够。在相关研究中对瓦斯爆炸的间接原因如具有爆炸危险的瓦斯是如何流动与涌出的研究不够深入,同时对煤体采动裂隙对瓦斯流动影响的研究关注也还不够。
鉴于此,论文以高强度开采采动煤体为研究对象,采用现场实测与实验室实验相结合、理论分析与数值分析相结合的研究方法,利用采矿工程、岩石力学、渗流力学、等多学科交叉方法,研究了煤体采动裂隙场演化及其与瓦斯流动场耦合作用。论文的的结构见论文结构图,论文主要研究内容及成果有:
(1)为了获取煤体内部及表面采动裂隙,进行了钻孔窥视、测线法和测窗法相结合煤体采动裂隙场的现场实测研究;在分析煤体采动应力分布特征的基础上,提出了工作面前方煤体采动裂隙场及其分区的概念,并对分区的分布特征和影响因素进行了分析。
(2)为了模拟煤体裂隙及其演化,通过适当的数学方法对煤体的非均匀性进行了表征。具体做法是利用Monte Carlo方法生成伪随机数,对单元进行随机赋值;同时对FLAC~(3D)自带Mohr-Coulomb模型进行了修改,利用VS2005开发了更适合煤体的基于弹脆塑性本构模型Fracture.dll。最后将现场煤体采动裂隙观测结果作为初始状态,利用FLAC~(3D)调用Fracture.dll实现了煤体采动裂隙演化的模拟。
(3)进行了一系列煤体渗透率应力敏感性的实验,模拟高强度开采对瓦斯渗流的影响。主要包括单/三轴渗透率应力敏感性实验、不同尺度下的煤样渗透率应力敏感性实验、不同孔隙压力下煤样渗透率应力敏感性实验、煤样渗透率应力敏感性并联实验。主要结论为:
①煤样渗透率与所加应力的关系满足负指数关系数学表达式;不同的加载形式,对渗透率的影响程度不同,围压对渗透率的影响比轴压大;
②随着煤体尺寸的增大,煤样渗透率与围压应力敏感性曲线斜率绝对值渐渐变小。当煤样尺寸增大至d=100 cm后,较低围压对煤样渗透率的影响已经不再明显;尺寸相同的情况下,较高的初始渗透率,煤体的渗流通道较大,更容易压缩。
③对于低渗透率煤体,在较低的孔隙压力和流速下煤体内瓦斯流动存在滑脱效应。在较低的孔隙压力下,煤体渗透率相对较高,这与砂岩油、气藏储层的特性类似。
④随着煤体受力状况发生变化,不同的煤层渗透能力将发生变化,主要渗流方向和流量的贡献率随之发生变化;
(4)在上述研究基础上,分析了采动裂隙场演化过程中煤体渗透性的变化,建立了渗流—应力耦合方程。通过不同方案的数值模拟研究,进行瓦斯流动过程分析。
(5)以天地王坡煤业有限公司3207工作面的瓦斯抽放为背景,利用研究成果,结合COMSOL Multiphysics软件进行了采动裂隙场对瓦斯抽放影响的数值模拟研究。研究表明裂隙的方位和走向对瓦斯流场分布起主要作用。
The coal-gas bursts are serious in china. Most of accents are accrued at high and extra-high seams under conditions of high-strength mining method, such as fully mechanized mining with top coal caving and with large mining height.
However, the mechanism, forewarning and preventaion of coal-gas burst and gas disaster are inadequate research. Especially, the research is insufficient to the evolution of mining-induced fracture and its effect on gas seepage.
By taking coal mass of high-strength underground mining as the research object, the combination method of laboratory experiment and experiment on site theoretical analysis and numerical analysis are used, multi-disciplinary research of crossing which combines mining engineer. The main aspects can be seen as the following:
(1) The method of borehole camera, single scan line method and sampling window method were used to study the mining-induced fractures field. Based on the analysis of mine-induced stress distribution, the concept of "mining-induced fractures field" and its zoning were proposed.
(2) For to simulate coal mass fractures and their's evolution, proper method was adopted to characterize the heterogeneity. The concrete method is that pseudo-random number generation by using the Monte Carlo method to random assign material parameters. After modified Mohr-Coulomb model of FLAC~(3D), the Fracture. dll of elasto-brittle-plasticity was complied by using the software VS2005. Takes field observation data as initial state, the mining-induced fractures extension and cross was simulated. And the gas flow was researched in this process.
(3) For to find out the effect of high-strength underground mining to gas seepage, Series of research on coal samples permeability sensibility were experimentized, which mainly included that uniaxial (triaxial) compression test, scale effects test of permeability sensibility, pore pressure test of permeability sensibility and parallel test of permeability sensibility.
①It is shown that the permeability of coal samples with pressure can be fitted by negative exponential law. Axial compression had more influence for the permeability than confining pressure.
②With the scale of coal samples increase , the absolute value of the slope of the K—p predicted curves under load-on statutes turns to smaller. With K_0 increases, the absolute value of the slope of K—p predicted curves under load-on statutes turn larger.
③To low-permeability coal mass, the gas seepage is affected by the slippage effect with the low pore pressure and seepage velocity.
④With the force condition change of coal mass, the transmission capacity will change. And the main seepage direction and flow contribution will also change.
(4) After these researches, the permeability variation was analyzed with evolution of mining-induced fractures field. The coupling equation of seepage-stress is achieved. By numerical simulation research of different scheme, the gas flow progress was analyzed.
(5) The numerical simulation of gas drainage at 3207 workface in Wangpo. Mine was achieved by using the COMSOL Multiphysics software. Fracture orientation and strike made the main function during gas seepage.
然而,目前在瓦斯灾害以及煤与瓦斯突出的形成机理,瓦斯事故的预警、防治、应急救援等方面基础研究还很不够。在相关研究中对瓦斯爆炸的间接原因如具有爆炸危险的瓦斯是如何流动与涌出的研究不够深入,同时对煤体采动裂隙对瓦斯流动影响的研究关注也还不够。
鉴于此,论文以高强度开采采动煤体为研究对象,采用现场实测与实验室实验相结合、理论分析与数值分析相结合的研究方法,利用采矿工程、岩石力学、渗流力学、等多学科交叉方法,研究了煤体采动裂隙场演化及其与瓦斯流动场耦合作用。论文的的结构见论文结构图,论文主要研究内容及成果有:
(1)为了获取煤体内部及表面采动裂隙,进行了钻孔窥视、测线法和测窗法相结合煤体采动裂隙场的现场实测研究;在分析煤体采动应力分布特征的基础上,提出了工作面前方煤体采动裂隙场及其分区的概念,并对分区的分布特征和影响因素进行了分析。
(2)为了模拟煤体裂隙及其演化,通过适当的数学方法对煤体的非均匀性进行了表征。具体做法是利用Monte Carlo方法生成伪随机数,对单元进行随机赋值;同时对FLAC~(3D)自带Mohr-Coulomb模型进行了修改,利用VS2005开发了更适合煤体的基于弹脆塑性本构模型Fracture.dll。最后将现场煤体采动裂隙观测结果作为初始状态,利用FLAC~(3D)调用Fracture.dll实现了煤体采动裂隙演化的模拟。
(3)进行了一系列煤体渗透率应力敏感性的实验,模拟高强度开采对瓦斯渗流的影响。主要包括单/三轴渗透率应力敏感性实验、不同尺度下的煤样渗透率应力敏感性实验、不同孔隙压力下煤样渗透率应力敏感性实验、煤样渗透率应力敏感性并联实验。主要结论为:
①煤样渗透率与所加应力的关系满足负指数关系数学表达式;不同的加载形式,对渗透率的影响程度不同,围压对渗透率的影响比轴压大;
②随着煤体尺寸的增大,煤样渗透率与围压应力敏感性曲线斜率绝对值渐渐变小。当煤样尺寸增大至d=100 cm后,较低围压对煤样渗透率的影响已经不再明显;尺寸相同的情况下,较高的初始渗透率,煤体的渗流通道较大,更容易压缩。
③对于低渗透率煤体,在较低的孔隙压力和流速下煤体内瓦斯流动存在滑脱效应。在较低的孔隙压力下,煤体渗透率相对较高,这与砂岩油、气藏储层的特性类似。
④随着煤体受力状况发生变化,不同的煤层渗透能力将发生变化,主要渗流方向和流量的贡献率随之发生变化;
(4)在上述研究基础上,分析了采动裂隙场演化过程中煤体渗透性的变化,建立了渗流—应力耦合方程。通过不同方案的数值模拟研究,进行瓦斯流动过程分析。
(5)以天地王坡煤业有限公司3207工作面的瓦斯抽放为背景,利用研究成果,结合COMSOL Multiphysics软件进行了采动裂隙场对瓦斯抽放影响的数值模拟研究。研究表明裂隙的方位和走向对瓦斯流场分布起主要作用。
The coal-gas bursts are serious in china. Most of accents are accrued at high and extra-high seams under conditions of high-strength mining method, such as fully mechanized mining with top coal caving and with large mining height.
However, the mechanism, forewarning and preventaion of coal-gas burst and gas disaster are inadequate research. Especially, the research is insufficient to the evolution of mining-induced fracture and its effect on gas seepage.
By taking coal mass of high-strength underground mining as the research object, the combination method of laboratory experiment and experiment on site theoretical analysis and numerical analysis are used, multi-disciplinary research of crossing which combines mining engineer. The main aspects can be seen as the following:
(1) The method of borehole camera, single scan line method and sampling window method were used to study the mining-induced fractures field. Based on the analysis of mine-induced stress distribution, the concept of "mining-induced fractures field" and its zoning were proposed.
(2) For to simulate coal mass fractures and their's evolution, proper method was adopted to characterize the heterogeneity. The concrete method is that pseudo-random number generation by using the Monte Carlo method to random assign material parameters. After modified Mohr-Coulomb model of FLAC~(3D), the Fracture. dll of elasto-brittle-plasticity was complied by using the software VS2005. Takes field observation data as initial state, the mining-induced fractures extension and cross was simulated. And the gas flow was researched in this process.
(3) For to find out the effect of high-strength underground mining to gas seepage, Series of research on coal samples permeability sensibility were experimentized, which mainly included that uniaxial (triaxial) compression test, scale effects test of permeability sensibility, pore pressure test of permeability sensibility and parallel test of permeability sensibility.
①It is shown that the permeability of coal samples with pressure can be fitted by negative exponential law. Axial compression had more influence for the permeability than confining pressure.
②With the scale of coal samples increase , the absolute value of the slope of the K—p predicted curves under load-on statutes turns to smaller. With K_0 increases, the absolute value of the slope of K—p predicted curves under load-on statutes turn larger.
③To low-permeability coal mass, the gas seepage is affected by the slippage effect with the low pore pressure and seepage velocity.
④With the force condition change of coal mass, the transmission capacity will change. And the main seepage direction and flow contribution will also change.
(4) After these researches, the permeability variation was analyzed with evolution of mining-induced fractures field. The coupling equation of seepage-stress is achieved. By numerical simulation research of different scheme, the gas flow progress was analyzed.
(5) The numerical simulation of gas drainage at 3207 workface in Wangpo. Mine was achieved by using the COMSOL Multiphysics software. Fracture orientation and strike made the main function during gas seepage.
引文
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