堆积体的综合物探方法研究与应用
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摘要
堆积体是水电工程中常见的一种不良地质现象,它的存在严重影响水库、大坝的安全,为了对堆积体进行有效的工程处理,需要对堆积体的厚度、规模、结构和形态有比较清楚的认识。而目前在堆积体地球物理探测的实际工作中一般采用单一物探方法进行探测,其探测成果的可靠程度和精度都相对较低。而有关利用综合物探方法探测堆积体的相关研究报道较少,曾见采用电法和地震波勘探法对松动堆积岩体进行过综合探测的文章,但除在文章中提到的这两种方法均存在一定的局限性外,并未进行更深入的研究,而且是对特殊类型堆积体的探测,不具有普遍性。其它有关采用综合物探方法探测堆积体的研究相关报道相对较少,而系统的研究和总结则未见到。本课题的研究突破了上述的不足,提出了“综合方法探测、综合解释”的思路,并使得堆积体的地球物理探测精度得到了大幅提升,为采用物探方法进行堆积体探测起到了很好的促进作用。本文的主要内容和创新成果如下:
1、将堆积体按照物探探测规律进行了重新分类,把常见堆积体分为松散架空型(Ⅰ类)、滑塌型(Ⅱ类)、冰水冰碛型(Ⅲ类)和巨厚型(Ⅳ类)四种类型,这种分类方法突破了传统的堆积体分类方法,便于探测方法的选择。
2、对按物探探测规律分类的堆积体进行了详细的地质研究,提出了相应的地质模型(包括典型地质剖面)和地球物理模型,并将地球物理模型进行了简化,形成两种简化的地球物理模型,为探测方法的理论研究提供了基础。
3、对七种常用的物探方法探测堆积体的有效性进行详细的分析研究、总结,并结合按物探探测规律进行分类的四类堆积体的两种简化地球物理模型进行了正演计算,得出每种物探方法针对四种类型堆积体探测的适用性。
4、突破传统的单一方法解释方法的思路,提出了堆积体探测的综合物探方法理论(包括探测方法组合及解释方法),给出了适用于各种类型堆积体的综合物探方法的最佳组合以及组合中每种物探方法的权重系数。
5、完成了综合物探方法计算堆积体厚度和规模的具体方法步骤,推导出了综合解释堆积体厚度和体积的计算方法和公式。编制了适用于实际生产的计算机软件,该软件荣获云南省2008年度工程勘察设计计算机软件一等奖。
为了验证本套综合物探方法探测堆积体的适用性,还在四种类型的堆积体上进行了研究试验性总结工作,最后在此理论指导下进行了两个堆积体探测的工程应用,通过实例来进一步验证综合物探方法探测堆积体的优越性和准确性。
Accumulative ground was an unreasonable geological phenomenon in hydrogeology engineering whose existence greatly affected the safety of reservoir and dam. To efficiently deal with this, a clear recognition for the thickness, size, structure and morphology of these deposits was needed. The commonly used method for detection was based on the single geophysical method due to which the creditableness and accuracy were relatively low. Nowadays, the report for synthetic geophysical method which was used to detect the accumulative body was few. Once a thesis was discussed the synthetic detection by employing both the direct current method and seismic prospecting. However, besides both of the two methods were confined to some certain cases, no further research was implemented. Meanwhile, this technique only aimed to dealing with some special accumulative bodies due to which the generality was lost. The other reports which adopted the synthetic technique for detecting accumulative bodies were relatively few. Moreover, no systematical study and summary was reported. Aiming at solving these problems, our achievement has made a distinctive breakout; a novel idea named synthetic detection with synthetic interpretation was carried out. With this method, the accuracy of geophysical prospecting for the accumulative bodies was dramatically improved by which the development of geophysical prospecting for accumulative bodies was greatly promoted. The main content and some novel result were list as follows:
1. A systematical summary was executed based on the amount of experiments for analyzing the topography, geomorphology, thickness and the characteristics of the combination for the accumulative bodies. By combining geophysical properties of accumulative bodies, a new division was made. We divided the common accumulative bodies in to four types, namely loose-bridge-type(I-type),slumping-type(II-type),ice-waterand moraine-type(III-type) and huge-thickness-type(IV-type). This division which has a breakthrough for the conventional division method made selecting suitable method of geophysical prospecting easy.
2. A detailed geological study was made according to the divided accumulative bodies by geophysical rule. Based on this the corresponding geological models (including the typical geological profile) and geophysical models was presented. Meanwhile, the simplification for the geophysical models was implemented by which two classes of simplified geophysical modes were formed. With this work, we had provided a basis for the study of prospecting method.
3. A systematical study for seven kinds of commonly used method for detecting the accumulative bodies was made with their principles, technique features, field work method and data processing. Through combining the two kinds of simplified geophysical models from the four kinds of accumulative bodies which were obtained by the general geophysical rules, the forward modeling was implemented. The results have shown that each geophysical method could be used for all the four kinds of accumulative bodies.
4. Based on this, a novel thought which had a great breakthrough for interpretation by using only single geophysical method was made. Meanwhile, a synthetic method of geophysical prospecting for detecting accumulative bodies (including detecting method and interpretation) was presented. Moreover, an optimal combination for detecting each kind of accumulative bodies by synthetic geophysical method and each weighted coefficient of each prospecting method was provided.
5. A whole process for the computation of the thickness and size of the accumulative bodies by synthetic method was implemented with the computational method and the required formulas for the thickness and volume size of accumulative bodies by using synthetic geophysical method being deduced. The software used for practical application was developed which has won the first prize of annual project survey and design computer program, Yunnan, 2008.
To validate the generality of the system of synthetic geophysical prospecting method, we had an experimental summary based on the four kinds of accumulative bodies. Finally, with this guideline of the theory, two engineering application for prospecting accumulative bodies were executed. With the examples, the priority and accuracy were demonstrated again for prospecting accumulative bodies by synthetic means.
1、将堆积体按照物探探测规律进行了重新分类,把常见堆积体分为松散架空型(Ⅰ类)、滑塌型(Ⅱ类)、冰水冰碛型(Ⅲ类)和巨厚型(Ⅳ类)四种类型,这种分类方法突破了传统的堆积体分类方法,便于探测方法的选择。
2、对按物探探测规律分类的堆积体进行了详细的地质研究,提出了相应的地质模型(包括典型地质剖面)和地球物理模型,并将地球物理模型进行了简化,形成两种简化的地球物理模型,为探测方法的理论研究提供了基础。
3、对七种常用的物探方法探测堆积体的有效性进行详细的分析研究、总结,并结合按物探探测规律进行分类的四类堆积体的两种简化地球物理模型进行了正演计算,得出每种物探方法针对四种类型堆积体探测的适用性。
4、突破传统的单一方法解释方法的思路,提出了堆积体探测的综合物探方法理论(包括探测方法组合及解释方法),给出了适用于各种类型堆积体的综合物探方法的最佳组合以及组合中每种物探方法的权重系数。
5、完成了综合物探方法计算堆积体厚度和规模的具体方法步骤,推导出了综合解释堆积体厚度和体积的计算方法和公式。编制了适用于实际生产的计算机软件,该软件荣获云南省2008年度工程勘察设计计算机软件一等奖。
为了验证本套综合物探方法探测堆积体的适用性,还在四种类型的堆积体上进行了研究试验性总结工作,最后在此理论指导下进行了两个堆积体探测的工程应用,通过实例来进一步验证综合物探方法探测堆积体的优越性和准确性。
Accumulative ground was an unreasonable geological phenomenon in hydrogeology engineering whose existence greatly affected the safety of reservoir and dam. To efficiently deal with this, a clear recognition for the thickness, size, structure and morphology of these deposits was needed. The commonly used method for detection was based on the single geophysical method due to which the creditableness and accuracy were relatively low. Nowadays, the report for synthetic geophysical method which was used to detect the accumulative body was few. Once a thesis was discussed the synthetic detection by employing both the direct current method and seismic prospecting. However, besides both of the two methods were confined to some certain cases, no further research was implemented. Meanwhile, this technique only aimed to dealing with some special accumulative bodies due to which the generality was lost. The other reports which adopted the synthetic technique for detecting accumulative bodies were relatively few. Moreover, no systematical study and summary was reported. Aiming at solving these problems, our achievement has made a distinctive breakout; a novel idea named synthetic detection with synthetic interpretation was carried out. With this method, the accuracy of geophysical prospecting for the accumulative bodies was dramatically improved by which the development of geophysical prospecting for accumulative bodies was greatly promoted. The main content and some novel result were list as follows:
1. A systematical summary was executed based on the amount of experiments for analyzing the topography, geomorphology, thickness and the characteristics of the combination for the accumulative bodies. By combining geophysical properties of accumulative bodies, a new division was made. We divided the common accumulative bodies in to four types, namely loose-bridge-type(I-type),slumping-type(II-type),ice-waterand moraine-type(III-type) and huge-thickness-type(IV-type). This division which has a breakthrough for the conventional division method made selecting suitable method of geophysical prospecting easy.
2. A detailed geological study was made according to the divided accumulative bodies by geophysical rule. Based on this the corresponding geological models (including the typical geological profile) and geophysical models was presented. Meanwhile, the simplification for the geophysical models was implemented by which two classes of simplified geophysical modes were formed. With this work, we had provided a basis for the study of prospecting method.
3. A systematical study for seven kinds of commonly used method for detecting the accumulative bodies was made with their principles, technique features, field work method and data processing. Through combining the two kinds of simplified geophysical models from the four kinds of accumulative bodies which were obtained by the general geophysical rules, the forward modeling was implemented. The results have shown that each geophysical method could be used for all the four kinds of accumulative bodies.
4. Based on this, a novel thought which had a great breakthrough for interpretation by using only single geophysical method was made. Meanwhile, a synthetic method of geophysical prospecting for detecting accumulative bodies (including detecting method and interpretation) was presented. Moreover, an optimal combination for detecting each kind of accumulative bodies by synthetic geophysical method and each weighted coefficient of each prospecting method was provided.
5. A whole process for the computation of the thickness and size of the accumulative bodies by synthetic method was implemented with the computational method and the required formulas for the thickness and volume size of accumulative bodies by using synthetic geophysical method being deduced. The software used for practical application was developed which has won the first prize of annual project survey and design computer program, Yunnan, 2008.
To validate the generality of the system of synthetic geophysical prospecting method, we had an experimental summary based on the four kinds of accumulative bodies. Finally, with this guideline of the theory, two engineering application for prospecting accumulative bodies were executed. With the examples, the priority and accuracy were demonstrated again for prospecting accumulative bodies by synthetic means.
引文
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