油气储层裂缝形成、分布及有效性研究
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摘要
本文以野外露头、地下火成岩、沉积岩为研究对象,在对裂缝的分类、成因、控制因素、分布特征等研究基础上利用测井资料进行了油气储层裂缝识别研究,建立了岩石力学参数的测井计算方法;在储层裂缝预测研究方面,建立了多种单因素和多因素的储层裂缝分布预测新方法,对储层裂缝进行了多参数的定量评价,并综合野外露头、岩心、薄片观察和测井方法等对裂缝有效性进行了研究,具体认识和研究成果如下:
在山东昌乐地区死火山口群野外露头区和商741井区火山岩地质研究基础上,建立了“火成岩储层裂缝野外露头地质模型”和“地下裂缝储层发育模型”;分析了影响裂缝发育的主要因素,包括岩相、构造应力、岩性、地层厚度等几种,裂缝发育程度还受应力场大小、构造部位等多种因素的影响。利用岩石力学试验和岩石声发射试验结果,结合储层裂缝的测井响应分析,实现了岩石力学参数的测井计算方法,此方法可以为后期的地应力场模拟提供可变的岩石力学参数数据。
提出“断地比参数”概念,“断地比参数”定义为断层的断距在平面上的投影所占网格化研究区内面积的比值,是用来描述断层以及断裂系统在某个特定区域断裂程度的一个参数;并完善了断地比参数储层裂缝预测法理论。
提出利用微构造曲率对研究区目的层储层裂缝进行预测的研究方法,在浅层侵入火成岩中实现了利用曲率变化值△K来预测裂缝发育程度的新方法,克服了直接利用目的层顶面构造曲率来预测裂缝发育程度存在弊端。
利用岩石力学参数测井计算方法的计算结果,完成了商741井区的应力场模拟,商741井区沙三中应力高值区主要集中于断层密集区,应力分布呈现两个南北向的条带状应力高值区。
提出“裂缝发育判别系数”概念,通过对多因素在储层裂缝发育中的影响研究,利用“裂缝发育判别系数”对裂缝发育程度进行预测,克服了单一因素对油气储层裂缝发育的影响比较有限的缺陷。
提出采用多参数对储层裂缝发育程度定量评价的方法,克服了单一指标来衡量裂缝的发育程度存在的弊端。并综合野外露头、岩心、薄片观察和测井方法等对裂缝有效性进行了研究,特别是利用双侧向测井方法对裂缝有效性进行了分析。
The objects of this study are the crop and the underground igneous rock. On the basis of classification, origin, controlling factor and distribution characters of the fractures, the identification of fractures in reservoirs was studied by utilizing the log data, and a kind of log computing method was established. Many kinds of new methods,which were used to forecast the distribution of the fractures in reservoirs by many single factors and compound factors, were proposed. The characters of fractures in reservoirs were quantitatively evaluated by many factors, and the validity of the fractures was analyzed by utilizing the crop, drill core, thin section and logging method of fractured reservoir. The main conclusions and results in this thesis were as follows:
On the basis of the geologic research about the extinct volcano group in the Changle area, Shandong province and Shang741 well area, Shanghe oilfield, the geologic model of fractures about the extinct volcano and underground igneous rock were established. And the main influential factor of the fractures was analyzed, which includes lithofacies, tectonic stress, lithology, stratum thickness, sectonic position and so on.
According to the result of rock mechanical test, rock acoustic emission test, and the analysis of the fracture log response, the log computing method of rock mechanics factor was established, which can be used to provide variable rock mechanics factor for ground stress field simulation.
The fault-stratum ratio was first raised in this thesis, which refers to a ratio between the plane of the fault and the coverage of the gridded research area. The fault-stratum ratio parameter is a basic parameter which is used to describe the faulted gradation of fault and fault system in specific region. It can be used to forecast the developmental gradation of fracture in reservoir, and the theory of the fault-stratum ratio was completed.
A kind of modified method was established to forecast the developmental gradation of fracture in reservoir by using the microtectonics curvature. Using the variation microtectonics curvature△K, a new kind of method was proposed to forecast the developmental gradation of irruptive rock fractures in reservoir, and this method overcomes the disadvantages of the method, which forecast the developmental gradation of fracture by utilizing the curvature of the stratum.
On the basis of the result of the rock mechanics parameter logging computation, the stress field simulation of Shang 741 well area was completed. The high figure of the stress in Shang 741 well area was distributed in densely faulted section, and the distribution of the stress appeared in two longitudinal high figure areas.
The conception of fracture discriminate parameter was put forward. Based on the study of the influential factors of fractures in reservoir, the fracture discriminate parameter was raised to forecast developmental gradation of fractures in reservoir. This method overcomes the limitation of the fracture forecasting method by utilizing single factors.
Using the multi-parametric to estimate fractures of reservoir, the quantitative estimation method was completed, which overcomes the limitation of the quantitative fractures estimation by utilizing single factors. And we do some research about the validity of the fractures by using the crops, cores, thin slice observation and the logging method and so on, especially the method of dual lateral logging.
在山东昌乐地区死火山口群野外露头区和商741井区火山岩地质研究基础上,建立了“火成岩储层裂缝野外露头地质模型”和“地下裂缝储层发育模型”;分析了影响裂缝发育的主要因素,包括岩相、构造应力、岩性、地层厚度等几种,裂缝发育程度还受应力场大小、构造部位等多种因素的影响。利用岩石力学试验和岩石声发射试验结果,结合储层裂缝的测井响应分析,实现了岩石力学参数的测井计算方法,此方法可以为后期的地应力场模拟提供可变的岩石力学参数数据。
提出“断地比参数”概念,“断地比参数”定义为断层的断距在平面上的投影所占网格化研究区内面积的比值,是用来描述断层以及断裂系统在某个特定区域断裂程度的一个参数;并完善了断地比参数储层裂缝预测法理论。
提出利用微构造曲率对研究区目的层储层裂缝进行预测的研究方法,在浅层侵入火成岩中实现了利用曲率变化值△K来预测裂缝发育程度的新方法,克服了直接利用目的层顶面构造曲率来预测裂缝发育程度存在弊端。
利用岩石力学参数测井计算方法的计算结果,完成了商741井区的应力场模拟,商741井区沙三中应力高值区主要集中于断层密集区,应力分布呈现两个南北向的条带状应力高值区。
提出“裂缝发育判别系数”概念,通过对多因素在储层裂缝发育中的影响研究,利用“裂缝发育判别系数”对裂缝发育程度进行预测,克服了单一因素对油气储层裂缝发育的影响比较有限的缺陷。
提出采用多参数对储层裂缝发育程度定量评价的方法,克服了单一指标来衡量裂缝的发育程度存在的弊端。并综合野外露头、岩心、薄片观察和测井方法等对裂缝有效性进行了研究,特别是利用双侧向测井方法对裂缝有效性进行了分析。
The objects of this study are the crop and the underground igneous rock. On the basis of classification, origin, controlling factor and distribution characters of the fractures, the identification of fractures in reservoirs was studied by utilizing the log data, and a kind of log computing method was established. Many kinds of new methods,which were used to forecast the distribution of the fractures in reservoirs by many single factors and compound factors, were proposed. The characters of fractures in reservoirs were quantitatively evaluated by many factors, and the validity of the fractures was analyzed by utilizing the crop, drill core, thin section and logging method of fractured reservoir. The main conclusions and results in this thesis were as follows:
On the basis of the geologic research about the extinct volcano group in the Changle area, Shandong province and Shang741 well area, Shanghe oilfield, the geologic model of fractures about the extinct volcano and underground igneous rock were established. And the main influential factor of the fractures was analyzed, which includes lithofacies, tectonic stress, lithology, stratum thickness, sectonic position and so on.
According to the result of rock mechanical test, rock acoustic emission test, and the analysis of the fracture log response, the log computing method of rock mechanics factor was established, which can be used to provide variable rock mechanics factor for ground stress field simulation.
The fault-stratum ratio was first raised in this thesis, which refers to a ratio between the plane of the fault and the coverage of the gridded research area. The fault-stratum ratio parameter is a basic parameter which is used to describe the faulted gradation of fault and fault system in specific region. It can be used to forecast the developmental gradation of fracture in reservoir, and the theory of the fault-stratum ratio was completed.
A kind of modified method was established to forecast the developmental gradation of fracture in reservoir by using the microtectonics curvature. Using the variation microtectonics curvature△K, a new kind of method was proposed to forecast the developmental gradation of irruptive rock fractures in reservoir, and this method overcomes the disadvantages of the method, which forecast the developmental gradation of fracture by utilizing the curvature of the stratum.
On the basis of the result of the rock mechanics parameter logging computation, the stress field simulation of Shang 741 well area was completed. The high figure of the stress in Shang 741 well area was distributed in densely faulted section, and the distribution of the stress appeared in two longitudinal high figure areas.
The conception of fracture discriminate parameter was put forward. Based on the study of the influential factors of fractures in reservoir, the fracture discriminate parameter was raised to forecast developmental gradation of fractures in reservoir. This method overcomes the limitation of the fracture forecasting method by utilizing single factors.
Using the multi-parametric to estimate fractures of reservoir, the quantitative estimation method was completed, which overcomes the limitation of the quantitative fractures estimation by utilizing single factors. And we do some research about the validity of the fractures by using the crops, cores, thin slice observation and the logging method and so on, especially the method of dual lateral logging.
引文
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