东北国有林区林业生态经济发展模式研究
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摘要
20世纪80年代以来,由于经济迅速发展对资源的掠夺性利用,导致全球生态环境恶化,环境问题无疑是目前人类所面临的突出问题之一。林业作为生态建设的主体和生态文明建设的主要承担者,肩负着建设和保护森林生态系统、保护和恢复湿地生态系统、治理和改善荒漠生态系统及维护生物多样性、弘扬生态文明的重要职责。因此,林业建设是生态和经济发展的重中之重。要处理好森林生态与林业经济发展的关系,必须选择一种适合林业可持续发展的模式,即生态经济发展模式。研究林业生态经济发展模式,具有十分重要的理论意义和现实意义。
国有林业是林业发展矛盾的集中点,我国林业发展中存在的问题都集中地体现在国有林业上。因此国有林业的发展直接关系到林业的发展。东北国有林区是我国面积最大、天然林资源分布最集中的重点国有林区,也是我国最大的木材生产基地,其木材产量占全国木材总产量的三分之一;同时,也是我国东北、华北的生态屏障,其地位和作用非常重要。因此,研究东北国有林区林业生态经济发展模式对于我国林业的建设和发展具有典型意义。
本论文运用生态经济理论,在兼收可持续发展、区域经济理论和现代林业理论等理论与方法的基础上,吸收国内外生态经济发展模式研究的成果,从宏观和微观视角,对东北国有林区林业生态经济发展的现实需求进行了深入分析和梳理。
对东北国有林区林业生态经济发展模式构建的影响因素进行了剖析。对林区森林重新进行了分类,将东北国有林区划分为公益林区域和商品林区域两大区域,提出了停止一切主伐,只进行抚育伐的主导思想,并根据因地制宜的原则,分区域分别组织构建了林业生态经济发展模式。其中,构建的公益林区域林业生态经济发展模式包括以天然防护林保护和培育为主的林业生态经济发展模式、森林生态旅游为主的林业生态经济发展模式、生态重建与生态移民型林业生态经济发展模式等;商品林区域林业生态经济发展模式包括林农结合型林业生态经济发展模式、资源综合利用型林业生态经济发展模式、林工一体化林业生态经济发展模式等。
就东北国有林区林业生态经济发展模式运行机制进行了构建,建立了东北国有林区林业生态经济发展模式运行支撑保障体系,主要支撑保障体系有体制支撑、宏观政策和制度支撑、资金支撑、法律支撑、科技支撑、宣传支撑和管理支撑等。以大兴安岭林区为例证,在深入剖析大兴安岭林区生态与经济发展现状及现实存在具体问题,构建林区林业生态经济发展模式的基础上,对林区林业生态经济发展模式进行了初步评价,对大兴安岭林区发展林业生态经济提出了对策建议。
Since 1980s,with the rapid economic development,human's overexploring natural resource has led to the environment depravation.The environmental protection is definitely one of the important questions the human is facing up.As the major undertaker of ecosystem construction and eco-culture construction,forestry is responsible for constructing and protecting forestry ecosystem,protecting and restoring swamp ecosystem,harnessing and improving desert ecosystem,maintaining biodiversity and cultivating the eco-culture. Therefore,the forestry construction is the focus in the development of environment and economy,and the developing model of forestry determines the forestry's healthy,rapid and sustainable development.If we deal well with the relationship between ecology and forestry economy,it must be selected to a suitable model of forestry sustainable development,namely, the ecological model of economic development.It is a very important theoretical and practical significance to research on the development model of forestry eco-economy.
State-owned forestry is the centeral focus of contradictions of forestry development.The existing problems in the development of our country are all embodied in the state-owned forestry.So the development of state-owned forestry is directly related to the development. Northeast State-owned Forestry Region is the biggest state-owned forestry region,in which the distribution of natural forestry resources is most dense.Also the Forestry Region is called as largest woods production base,which account for 1/3 of national wood total production.At the same time,it is also considered as protection screen of northeastern and northern China,whose role and situation is significant.Therefore,study of the development model of forestry eco-economy in Northeast State-owned Forestry Region has its typical significance to the forestry construction and development in China.
Applying the theory of eco-economy and based on the theories and methods of sustainable development,regional economy and modern forestryry,absorbing the domestic and international research achievements in development model of eco-economy.It analysis the realistic requirements of developing forestry eco-economy in Northeastern State-owned Forestry Region from the macroscopical and microscopical angles.
The papers analysis the influential factors of the development model of forestry eco-economy in Northeast State-owned Forestry Region.Reclassifies the forestry region into two groups:public welfare forestry areas and commercial forestry areas.And it proposes that,in the forestry region,all the principle felling should be ceased and only the tending felling should be allowed.And it drafts the instructive thoughts,the macro-ideology and principles for the construction of the development model of forestry eco-economy in Northeast State-owned Forestry Region.According to the principle of adjusting measures to local conditions, established the development model of forestry eco-economy in public-benefit forestry areas includes the development model of forestry eco-economy in which the protection and fostering of the natural shelter-forestry is put on the primary position,the development model of forestry eco-economy which emphasizes forestry eco-tourism,ecological reconstruction and eco-immigrant-based development model of forestry eco-economy,such as economic development model;In commercial forestry area,the development model of forestry eco-economy in commercial forestry areas includes forestryry and agriculture combined model, comprehensive utilization of resources-based model,and integration of forestryry model.
Established the operational mechanism of the development model of forestry eco-economy in Northeast State-owned Forestry Region,built the operation support system of Northeast State-owned Forestry Region.The operation support system includes institutional support,macro-policy and system support as well as funding support,law support,scientific and technological support,promotional support and management support,and they constitute the operation support system of the development model of forestry eco-economy.Take Great Xingan Mountains Forestry Region as example,the development model of forestry eco-economy was evaluated preliminarily.
国有林业是林业发展矛盾的集中点,我国林业发展中存在的问题都集中地体现在国有林业上。因此国有林业的发展直接关系到林业的发展。东北国有林区是我国面积最大、天然林资源分布最集中的重点国有林区,也是我国最大的木材生产基地,其木材产量占全国木材总产量的三分之一;同时,也是我国东北、华北的生态屏障,其地位和作用非常重要。因此,研究东北国有林区林业生态经济发展模式对于我国林业的建设和发展具有典型意义。
本论文运用生态经济理论,在兼收可持续发展、区域经济理论和现代林业理论等理论与方法的基础上,吸收国内外生态经济发展模式研究的成果,从宏观和微观视角,对东北国有林区林业生态经济发展的现实需求进行了深入分析和梳理。
对东北国有林区林业生态经济发展模式构建的影响因素进行了剖析。对林区森林重新进行了分类,将东北国有林区划分为公益林区域和商品林区域两大区域,提出了停止一切主伐,只进行抚育伐的主导思想,并根据因地制宜的原则,分区域分别组织构建了林业生态经济发展模式。其中,构建的公益林区域林业生态经济发展模式包括以天然防护林保护和培育为主的林业生态经济发展模式、森林生态旅游为主的林业生态经济发展模式、生态重建与生态移民型林业生态经济发展模式等;商品林区域林业生态经济发展模式包括林农结合型林业生态经济发展模式、资源综合利用型林业生态经济发展模式、林工一体化林业生态经济发展模式等。
就东北国有林区林业生态经济发展模式运行机制进行了构建,建立了东北国有林区林业生态经济发展模式运行支撑保障体系,主要支撑保障体系有体制支撑、宏观政策和制度支撑、资金支撑、法律支撑、科技支撑、宣传支撑和管理支撑等。以大兴安岭林区为例证,在深入剖析大兴安岭林区生态与经济发展现状及现实存在具体问题,构建林区林业生态经济发展模式的基础上,对林区林业生态经济发展模式进行了初步评价,对大兴安岭林区发展林业生态经济提出了对策建议。
Since 1980s,with the rapid economic development,human's overexploring natural resource has led to the environment depravation.The environmental protection is definitely one of the important questions the human is facing up.As the major undertaker of ecosystem construction and eco-culture construction,forestry is responsible for constructing and protecting forestry ecosystem,protecting and restoring swamp ecosystem,harnessing and improving desert ecosystem,maintaining biodiversity and cultivating the eco-culture. Therefore,the forestry construction is the focus in the development of environment and economy,and the developing model of forestry determines the forestry's healthy,rapid and sustainable development.If we deal well with the relationship between ecology and forestry economy,it must be selected to a suitable model of forestry sustainable development,namely, the ecological model of economic development.It is a very important theoretical and practical significance to research on the development model of forestry eco-economy.
State-owned forestry is the centeral focus of contradictions of forestry development.The existing problems in the development of our country are all embodied in the state-owned forestry.So the development of state-owned forestry is directly related to the development. Northeast State-owned Forestry Region is the biggest state-owned forestry region,in which the distribution of natural forestry resources is most dense.Also the Forestry Region is called as largest woods production base,which account for 1/3 of national wood total production.At the same time,it is also considered as protection screen of northeastern and northern China,whose role and situation is significant.Therefore,study of the development model of forestry eco-economy in Northeast State-owned Forestry Region has its typical significance to the forestry construction and development in China.
Applying the theory of eco-economy and based on the theories and methods of sustainable development,regional economy and modern forestryry,absorbing the domestic and international research achievements in development model of eco-economy.It analysis the realistic requirements of developing forestry eco-economy in Northeastern State-owned Forestry Region from the macroscopical and microscopical angles.
The papers analysis the influential factors of the development model of forestry eco-economy in Northeast State-owned Forestry Region.Reclassifies the forestry region into two groups:public welfare forestry areas and commercial forestry areas.And it proposes that,in the forestry region,all the principle felling should be ceased and only the tending felling should be allowed.And it drafts the instructive thoughts,the macro-ideology and principles for the construction of the development model of forestry eco-economy in Northeast State-owned Forestry Region.According to the principle of adjusting measures to local conditions, established the development model of forestry eco-economy in public-benefit forestry areas includes the development model of forestry eco-economy in which the protection and fostering of the natural shelter-forestry is put on the primary position,the development model of forestry eco-economy which emphasizes forestry eco-tourism,ecological reconstruction and eco-immigrant-based development model of forestry eco-economy,such as economic development model;In commercial forestry area,the development model of forestry eco-economy in commercial forestry areas includes forestryry and agriculture combined model, comprehensive utilization of resources-based model,and integration of forestryry model.
Established the operational mechanism of the development model of forestry eco-economy in Northeast State-owned Forestry Region,built the operation support system of Northeast State-owned Forestry Region.The operation support system includes institutional support,macro-policy and system support as well as funding support,law support,scientific and technological support,promotional support and management support,and they constitute the operation support system of the development model of forestry eco-economy.Take Great Xingan Mountains Forestry Region as example,the development model of forestry eco-economy was evaluated preliminarily.
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