横断山区高速公路运营安全保障模式及其实现研究
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摘要
横断山区高速公路位于地形复杂的横断山区，存在较多长下坡、弯急、线形急变和交通环境急变的特殊路段，容易引发交通事故。在横断山区高速公路存在多处潜在的事故多发点，对横断山区高速公路的运营安全进行预防性专项研究势在必行。横断山区高速公路的主要事故原因为驾驶员超速行驶、长大下坡车辆制动失效、急弯路段车辆侧滑侧翻等。因此，从人-车-路(环境)系统联合运行协调性研究角度出发，研究存在于横断山区高速公路中的交通安全意义上的典型特殊路段的确定方法，并分析典型特殊路段潜在事故倾向的诱发机理，设计横断山区高速公路安全保障措施，是横断山区高速公路设计和安保工程的重要研究手段，对提高横断山区高速公路的运营安全和减少交通事故的发生有重要意义。
本研究围绕横断山区高速公路运营安全模式研究和实现问题，系统研究了针对横断山区高速公路的线形结构的行车安全性虚拟检测方法，以及主动、被动安全保障措施的设计，并在实际的施工项目中进行了实际应用。研究的主要内容有：
(1)在开发行车制动稳定性和弯道行车稳定性模型的基础上，研究了横断山区高速公路线形安全性检测与评价方法。通过对横断山区长下坡常见典型车辆(小轿车、中型两轴车辆、大型三轴车辆)的行车制动分析，对典型车型的制动器温升状况、制动器摩擦副摩擦系数变化状况和制动器制动效力衰减状况进行数学描述，对横断山区高速公路行车制动稳定性检测评价方法进行了研究。通过横断山区高速公路车辆弯道行车稳定状态分析，以9自由度车辆动力学模型和Gim轮胎理论模型为计算核心，对横断山区高速公路弯道行车稳定性检测评价方法进行了研究。
(2)研究了横断山区高速公路驾驶人控车特性，从驾驶员动态视觉特性的角度来分析评价横断山区高速公路参数设计的合理性，并研究横断山区高速公路行车速度检测评价模式。通过对驾驶员视觉特性的试验设计，采用眼动设备进行实车试验，并对试验结果进行分析，研究横断山区高速公路驾驶员的视觉特性。通过对横断山区高速公路行车控速状态分析，采用数学工具进行我国横断山区高速公路典型车辆(小轿车、中型车、重型车)路段行车速度预测研究。
(3)研究了横断山区高速公路运营安全保障措施设计。结合车辆的制动热衰退和弯道行驶稳定安全性分析、驾驶员的视觉特性试验以及运行车速的预测结果，从人-车-路(环境)协调运行的角度出发，依据强制控速设施的设计原则进行减速丘等主动保障系统研究，针对横断山区高速公路的安全隐患进行护栏、避险车道等被动保障系统研究。
(4)研究了横断山区高速公路虚拟检测系统和运营安全保障系统的实现技术。依托于云南省保龙高速公路建设项目，进行保龙高速公路运营安全性虚拟预测评价系统开发研究，预测与评价保龙高速公路运营安全性，并进行主动和被动安全保障系统研究，从而进行横断山区高速公路运营安全保障系统的实现研究。
本研究的创新点主要体现在以下几个方面：
(1)基于各型公路车辆制动稳定性和弯道行驶稳定性的动力学模型，建立横断山区高速公路各车型制动效能衰减状况检测模式和行驶稳定安全性检测模式来评价横断山区高速公路的线形安全性。
(2)采用实车道路试验方法，从驾驶员视觉特性的角度研究横断山区高速公路的道路线形参数，建立能够与驾驶员视觉特点相协调的道路线形参数评价模型。
(3)在国家自然科学基金项目《关于汽车驾驶员安全速度控制模式的研究》的研究成果基础上，开发了我国横断山区高速公路各型车辆(小轿车、中型车、重型车)路段行车速度预测计算系统。
(4)从人-车-路(环境)协调运行的角度出发，设计了横断山区高速公路主动安全保障系统、被动安全防护系统和避险救助系统。
Hengduan mountainous expressway is located in Hengduan mountainous with complexlandform,which have special sections (long-descent,sharp turn,and so on). Traffic accidentusually happens in Hengduan mountainous expressway. It is urgent need to study on operatingsafety of Hengduan mountainous expressway. The main reasons are drivers' over-speeding、vehicle's braking inefficacy and vehicle rollover. Therefore,it is important to research on themethod of ensuring the special sections,analyse the induced mechanism of potential accidentsin special sections,design safety ensuring measures from the harmony of combined operationof DVR(Driver-Vehicle-Road and environment).
Against the design and implementation of operating safety evaluation model inHengduan mountainous expressway,this dissertation studies on the virtual testing method ofexpressway alignment and driving speed,designs the active safety measures、passive safetymeasures,also applies the virtual testing system and safety evaluation system to the actualHengduan mountainous expressway project.
(1)This dissertation studies on the testing method of highway alignment safety based onthe braking stability and turning stability. Through the analysis of typical vehicle braking(car、two-axis vehicle、three-axis vehicle) and the research mathematically on temperaturerising status of brake,the decrease of the friction coefficient of brake friction pairs,thedecrease of braking efficiency,this dissertation studies on the testing method of Hengduanmountainous expressway with braking stability. Through the analysis of turning stability inHengduan mountainous expressway,this dissertation studies on the testing method ofHengduan mountainous expressway with turning stability using 9-DOF vehicle dynamicmodel and Gim theoretic model of pneumatic tyres.
(2)This dissertation appraises the rationality of parameters design of Hengduanmountainous expressway from the drivers' visual characteristics,and studies on the divingspeed testing model of Hengduan mountainous expressway. Through the test design ofdrivers' visual characteristics,this dissertation studies on drivers' visual characteristics ofHengduan mountainous expressway using eye-movement facilities and vehicle experiment.Through the analysis of speed control status,this dissertation studies on the speed predictionof typical vehicle (car、two-axis vehicle、three-axis vehicle) in Hengduan mountainousexpressway using maths tools.
(3)This dissertation designs operating safety ensuring. According to design principles ofcompulsive speed-control device,this dissertation studies on active safety system from theharmony of combined operation of DVR.Against the hidden safety deficiencies of Hengduanmountainous expressway,this dissertation studies on passive safety system.
(4)This dissertation studies on the implementation of virtual testing system and safetyensuring system. According to Baolong expressway,this dissertation studies on the virtualtesting of Baolong expressway operating safety,and designs the active safety measures、passive safety measures of Baolong expressway.
In general,the key points of innovation in this dissertation mainly rest in the followingaspects:
(1)Based on the dynamic modeling of braking stability and turning stability,thisdissertation sets up the testing model of the decrease of braking efficiency and drivingstability to evaluate the alignment of Hengduan mountainous expressway.
(2)This dissertation studies on the alignment parameter of Hengduan mountainousexpressway from the drivers' visual characteristics using vehicle experiment,and sets upalignment parameter evaluation model which can harmonize to the drivers' visualcharacteristics.
(3)This dissertation sets up speed prediction model of typical vehicle(car、two-axisvehicle、three-axis vehicle) in Hengduan mountainous expressway.
(4)This dissertation builds the active safety measures and passive safety measures ofHengduan mountainous expressway from the harmony of combined operation of DVR.
本研究围绕横断山区高速公路运营安全模式研究和实现问题，系统研究了针对横断山区高速公路的线形结构的行车安全性虚拟检测方法，以及主动、被动安全保障措施的设计，并在实际的施工项目中进行了实际应用。研究的主要内容有：
(1)在开发行车制动稳定性和弯道行车稳定性模型的基础上，研究了横断山区高速公路线形安全性检测与评价方法。通过对横断山区长下坡常见典型车辆(小轿车、中型两轴车辆、大型三轴车辆)的行车制动分析，对典型车型的制动器温升状况、制动器摩擦副摩擦系数变化状况和制动器制动效力衰减状况进行数学描述，对横断山区高速公路行车制动稳定性检测评价方法进行了研究。通过横断山区高速公路车辆弯道行车稳定状态分析，以9自由度车辆动力学模型和Gim轮胎理论模型为计算核心，对横断山区高速公路弯道行车稳定性检测评价方法进行了研究。
(2)研究了横断山区高速公路驾驶人控车特性，从驾驶员动态视觉特性的角度来分析评价横断山区高速公路参数设计的合理性，并研究横断山区高速公路行车速度检测评价模式。通过对驾驶员视觉特性的试验设计，采用眼动设备进行实车试验，并对试验结果进行分析，研究横断山区高速公路驾驶员的视觉特性。通过对横断山区高速公路行车控速状态分析，采用数学工具进行我国横断山区高速公路典型车辆(小轿车、中型车、重型车)路段行车速度预测研究。
(3)研究了横断山区高速公路运营安全保障措施设计。结合车辆的制动热衰退和弯道行驶稳定安全性分析、驾驶员的视觉特性试验以及运行车速的预测结果，从人-车-路(环境)协调运行的角度出发，依据强制控速设施的设计原则进行减速丘等主动保障系统研究，针对横断山区高速公路的安全隐患进行护栏、避险车道等被动保障系统研究。
(4)研究了横断山区高速公路虚拟检测系统和运营安全保障系统的实现技术。依托于云南省保龙高速公路建设项目，进行保龙高速公路运营安全性虚拟预测评价系统开发研究，预测与评价保龙高速公路运营安全性，并进行主动和被动安全保障系统研究，从而进行横断山区高速公路运营安全保障系统的实现研究。
本研究的创新点主要体现在以下几个方面：
(1)基于各型公路车辆制动稳定性和弯道行驶稳定性的动力学模型，建立横断山区高速公路各车型制动效能衰减状况检测模式和行驶稳定安全性检测模式来评价横断山区高速公路的线形安全性。
(2)采用实车道路试验方法，从驾驶员视觉特性的角度研究横断山区高速公路的道路线形参数，建立能够与驾驶员视觉特点相协调的道路线形参数评价模型。
(3)在国家自然科学基金项目《关于汽车驾驶员安全速度控制模式的研究》的研究成果基础上，开发了我国横断山区高速公路各型车辆(小轿车、中型车、重型车)路段行车速度预测计算系统。
(4)从人-车-路(环境)协调运行的角度出发，设计了横断山区高速公路主动安全保障系统、被动安全防护系统和避险救助系统。
Hengduan mountainous expressway is located in Hengduan mountainous with complexlandform,which have special sections (long-descent,sharp turn,and so on). Traffic accidentusually happens in Hengduan mountainous expressway. It is urgent need to study on operatingsafety of Hengduan mountainous expressway. The main reasons are drivers' over-speeding、vehicle's braking inefficacy and vehicle rollover. Therefore,it is important to research on themethod of ensuring the special sections,analyse the induced mechanism of potential accidentsin special sections,design safety ensuring measures from the harmony of combined operationof DVR(Driver-Vehicle-Road and environment).
Against the design and implementation of operating safety evaluation model inHengduan mountainous expressway,this dissertation studies on the virtual testing method ofexpressway alignment and driving speed,designs the active safety measures、passive safetymeasures,also applies the virtual testing system and safety evaluation system to the actualHengduan mountainous expressway project.
(1)This dissertation studies on the testing method of highway alignment safety based onthe braking stability and turning stability. Through the analysis of typical vehicle braking(car、two-axis vehicle、three-axis vehicle) and the research mathematically on temperaturerising status of brake,the decrease of the friction coefficient of brake friction pairs,thedecrease of braking efficiency,this dissertation studies on the testing method of Hengduanmountainous expressway with braking stability. Through the analysis of turning stability inHengduan mountainous expressway,this dissertation studies on the testing method ofHengduan mountainous expressway with turning stability using 9-DOF vehicle dynamicmodel and Gim theoretic model of pneumatic tyres.
(2)This dissertation appraises the rationality of parameters design of Hengduanmountainous expressway from the drivers' visual characteristics,and studies on the divingspeed testing model of Hengduan mountainous expressway. Through the test design ofdrivers' visual characteristics,this dissertation studies on drivers' visual characteristics ofHengduan mountainous expressway using eye-movement facilities and vehicle experiment.Through the analysis of speed control status,this dissertation studies on the speed predictionof typical vehicle (car、two-axis vehicle、three-axis vehicle) in Hengduan mountainousexpressway using maths tools.
(3)This dissertation designs operating safety ensuring. According to design principles ofcompulsive speed-control device,this dissertation studies on active safety system from theharmony of combined operation of DVR.Against the hidden safety deficiencies of Hengduanmountainous expressway,this dissertation studies on passive safety system.
(4)This dissertation studies on the implementation of virtual testing system and safetyensuring system. According to Baolong expressway,this dissertation studies on the virtualtesting of Baolong expressway operating safety,and designs the active safety measures、passive safety measures of Baolong expressway.
In general,the key points of innovation in this dissertation mainly rest in the followingaspects:
(1)Based on the dynamic modeling of braking stability and turning stability,thisdissertation sets up the testing model of the decrease of braking efficiency and drivingstability to evaluate the alignment of Hengduan mountainous expressway.
(2)This dissertation studies on the alignment parameter of Hengduan mountainousexpressway from the drivers' visual characteristics using vehicle experiment,and sets upalignment parameter evaluation model which can harmonize to the drivers' visualcharacteristics.
(3)This dissertation sets up speed prediction model of typical vehicle(car、two-axisvehicle、three-axis vehicle) in Hengduan mountainous expressway.
(4)This dissertation builds the active safety measures and passive safety measures ofHengduan mountainous expressway from the harmony of combined operation of DVR.
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