纤维增强复合材料界面疲劳脱粘的数值模拟
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摘要
纤维复合材料以其优越的性能在诸多领域得到日益广泛的应用,与其它工程材料不同的是,纤维复合材料界面的损伤以及界面损伤在往复荷载作用下的发展,对复合材料的宏观性能有重要的影响。工程实践表明,疲劳损伤会降低材料和结构的安全可靠度并缩短其使用寿命,甚至可能造成巨大的经济损失和人员伤亡。作为纤维复合材料重要组成部分的微结构一界面,它的抗疲劳性能直接决定材料和结构的整体宏观疲劳特性,所以界面的疲劳研究已逐渐受到研究者的关注。
本文的主要研究内容包括:
(1)将有限元、数值微分与断裂力学的基本理论相结合,提出了考虑脱粘界面摩擦力衰减的数值方法,通过对通用有限元软件ANSYS的二次开发,成功实现了对纤维增强复合材料界面疲劳脱粘的数值模拟。用该数值方法不仅成功解决了利用解析方法无法解决的基体刚度不均匀衰减时纤维与基体界面的疲劳脱粘,而且对有解析解的问题,给出了解析结果与数值结果之比较,并指出了两者之间产生差别的原因。
(2)针对新近研发出来的一类新型纤维增强复合材料一纤维带功能梯度涂层的复合材料,引入幂指数函数表示涂层弹性模量的梯度特性,分别对纤维/涂层和基体/涂层两种单界面疲劳脱粘问题进行了解析分析,并用数值方法验证了解析解的正确性。并由脱粘长度和随机基体裂纹间距预测了材料总体应变随荷载循环次数的变化。
(3)提出了考虑脱粘界面摩擦力衰减的纤维增强复合材料的双裂纹疲劳扩展数值方法,并模拟了纤维涂层的双界面疲劳脱粘以及基体环形裂纹和界面脱粘的同时扩展,研究了影响双裂纹疲劳扩展的材料和几何因素。
(4)分别研究了混凝土冻融损伤和钢筋腐蚀条件下的界面疲劳脱粘。对一个工程实例—碳纤维布加固的混凝土梁中部受循环集中荷载作用时钢筋/混凝土界面的疲劳脱粘问题,提出了数值模拟的方法并进行了参数影响分析研究。本文的研究为工程材料和结构的疲劳寿命预测及安全评估提供了一种有效的数值方法,也为新材料的开发和利用提供了理论基础。
Fiber Reinforced Composites(FRCs) have been widely utilized in many fields during recent years.Unlike other materials,the interfacial fatigue behaviour is associated with the overall properties of FRCs.It is shown that the service life of materials and structures will be shortened by fatigue damage,and even economic losses and casualties will be increased.Interface takes a very important role in FRCs properties,and hence the interfacial fatigue behaviour of FRCs is a concern in composites science and technology.
The investigations in this thesis are listed as follows:
(1)A numerical technique is proposed to simulate the interfacial fatigue debonding of FRCs while the interface damage on debonded interface is taken into account.The technique is a combination of finite element method,numerical differentiation and fracture mechanics,and it is carried out by the aid of the secondary development of the finite element package ANSYS.The analytical results are verified against the numerical results,while some errors caused by the assumptions in the analytical solution are discussed.Further,the effects of the non-uniform degradation of matrix stiffness are considered.
(2)For a new FRC with functionally graded fiber coating,a power-law model is introduced to describe the elastic modulus gradient along the radial direction,and then the mono-interfacial fatigue debonding of the two interfaces is studied both analytically and numerically(i.e.,coating/matrix and coating/fiber).In addition,the predictions of the composite strain related to interfacial debonding and stochastic matrix crack spacing are provided.
(3)Taking the interface damage on debonded interface into account,a numerical technique is proposed to simulate the bi-crack propagation of FRCs.Bi-interfacial debonding and interfacial debonding accompanied with matrix annular cracking under cyclic load are investigated.
(4)In the simulation of concrete/rebar interface debonding,the freeze-thaw damage of concrete and the corrosion of steel are considered,and concrete beams strengthened with FRP are employed as an engineering application.
In a word,an available numerical approach is proposed to evaluate the reliability of materials and structures under fatigue load in the present investigation,and some helpful guidelines are provided for the use of new materials.
本文的主要研究内容包括:
(1)将有限元、数值微分与断裂力学的基本理论相结合,提出了考虑脱粘界面摩擦力衰减的数值方法,通过对通用有限元软件ANSYS的二次开发,成功实现了对纤维增强复合材料界面疲劳脱粘的数值模拟。用该数值方法不仅成功解决了利用解析方法无法解决的基体刚度不均匀衰减时纤维与基体界面的疲劳脱粘,而且对有解析解的问题,给出了解析结果与数值结果之比较,并指出了两者之间产生差别的原因。
(2)针对新近研发出来的一类新型纤维增强复合材料一纤维带功能梯度涂层的复合材料,引入幂指数函数表示涂层弹性模量的梯度特性,分别对纤维/涂层和基体/涂层两种单界面疲劳脱粘问题进行了解析分析,并用数值方法验证了解析解的正确性。并由脱粘长度和随机基体裂纹间距预测了材料总体应变随荷载循环次数的变化。
(3)提出了考虑脱粘界面摩擦力衰减的纤维增强复合材料的双裂纹疲劳扩展数值方法,并模拟了纤维涂层的双界面疲劳脱粘以及基体环形裂纹和界面脱粘的同时扩展,研究了影响双裂纹疲劳扩展的材料和几何因素。
(4)分别研究了混凝土冻融损伤和钢筋腐蚀条件下的界面疲劳脱粘。对一个工程实例—碳纤维布加固的混凝土梁中部受循环集中荷载作用时钢筋/混凝土界面的疲劳脱粘问题,提出了数值模拟的方法并进行了参数影响分析研究。本文的研究为工程材料和结构的疲劳寿命预测及安全评估提供了一种有效的数值方法,也为新材料的开发和利用提供了理论基础。
Fiber Reinforced Composites(FRCs) have been widely utilized in many fields during recent years.Unlike other materials,the interfacial fatigue behaviour is associated with the overall properties of FRCs.It is shown that the service life of materials and structures will be shortened by fatigue damage,and even economic losses and casualties will be increased.Interface takes a very important role in FRCs properties,and hence the interfacial fatigue behaviour of FRCs is a concern in composites science and technology.
The investigations in this thesis are listed as follows:
(1)A numerical technique is proposed to simulate the interfacial fatigue debonding of FRCs while the interface damage on debonded interface is taken into account.The technique is a combination of finite element method,numerical differentiation and fracture mechanics,and it is carried out by the aid of the secondary development of the finite element package ANSYS.The analytical results are verified against the numerical results,while some errors caused by the assumptions in the analytical solution are discussed.Further,the effects of the non-uniform degradation of matrix stiffness are considered.
(2)For a new FRC with functionally graded fiber coating,a power-law model is introduced to describe the elastic modulus gradient along the radial direction,and then the mono-interfacial fatigue debonding of the two interfaces is studied both analytically and numerically(i.e.,coating/matrix and coating/fiber).In addition,the predictions of the composite strain related to interfacial debonding and stochastic matrix crack spacing are provided.
(3)Taking the interface damage on debonded interface into account,a numerical technique is proposed to simulate the bi-crack propagation of FRCs.Bi-interfacial debonding and interfacial debonding accompanied with matrix annular cracking under cyclic load are investigated.
(4)In the simulation of concrete/rebar interface debonding,the freeze-thaw damage of concrete and the corrosion of steel are considered,and concrete beams strengthened with FRP are employed as an engineering application.
In a word,an available numerical approach is proposed to evaluate the reliability of materials and structures under fatigue load in the present investigation,and some helpful guidelines are provided for the use of new materials.
引文
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