混沌Hash函数及其在电子商务安全中的应用研究
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摘要
近年来,随着因特网技术的迅速发展和普及,网上购物、网上银行、电子签名等电子商务应用越来越广泛。尽管电子商务的发展势头非常惊人,但它却存在着安全隐患,这就是如何保证传输数据的安全和交易双方的身份确认。在电子商务中,通常利用单向Hash函数为基础的数字签名和身份认证技术来保障交易数据的完整性、交易双方身份的可认证性以及交易信息的不可抵赖性。但由于人们发现现有的国际通用的标准Hash函数存在着安全漏洞,因而构造新的安全的Hash函数对电子商务安全具有重要意义。本论文主要致力于研究利用混沌系统迭代过程的单向性设计混沌Hash函数的技术,并将所设计的混沌Hash函数用于数字签名、身份认证和移动微支付协议中。本文采用了基于混沌理论的Hash函数构造研究结合电子商务安全和移动支付需求,设计一次性口令身份认证协议及移动微支付协议的技术路线,开展了以下研究工作:
(1)通过对H(?)non混沌系统引进正弦因子及频率因子和位相控制参数得到类H(?)non混沌系统。类H(?)non混沌系统不仅模型简单,有较大的参数空间,而且逆向迭代非常困难。基于混沌的基本理论对类H(?)non系统的混沌特性进行了分析,讨论了类H(?)non系统的最大Lyapunov指数,得到了类H(?)non混沌系统对初值和参数具有敏感性的仿真结果。
(2)设计了基于类H(?)non混沌系统的序列密码算法。根据类H(?)non混沌系统对初始条件和参数的敏感性以及迭代过程的伪随机性,提出了一种基于类H(?)non混沌系统的密钥序列生成算法。该算法将参数和初值带入混沌映射,经过迭代产生任意长度的混沌序列,并将其进行量化,量化后得到的密钥序列具有良好的统计特性。另外,还通过计算机实验,对所生成的混沌序列进行了分析。分析结果表明,这种算法生成的混沌序列具有随机性好,分布均匀的特点,并且有较大的密钥空间,可以有效地保障明文的安全。
(3)根据混沌理论和Hash函数理论,在详细分析现有的典型Hash函数和混沌Hash函数设计方案及其不足的基础上,提出了一种基于类H(?)non混沌系统的混沌Hash函数构造算法。该算法通过对类H(?)non系统循环迭代,对消息进行变换来构造混沌Hash函数。理论分析与计算机仿真实验结果表明,该混沌Hash函数对初值和参数极端敏感,很好地达到了Hash函数的各项性能要求,而且算法简单、易于实现。
(4)在分析经典的身份认证方案,特别是一次性口令认证方案OTP中S/KEY方案存在的问题的基础上,提出了一种新的身份认证协议COTP。与其它的一次性口令认证协议不同,在COTP一次性口令认证协议中,采用了基于混沌置乱排序表的设计算法,在用户登录过程中用置乱排序后的次数代替真正的迭代次数,对协议中用到的种子进行了加密处理。理论分析与仿真实验表明,COTP认证协议能抵御小数攻击、重放攻击及内部人员攻击,能对传输的种子和迭代次数进行加密,并实现了客户和服务器的双向认证。
(5)通过对现有微支付协议的分析研究,指出了它们在安全性及运行效率方面存在的问题,并在其基础上设计了基于混沌双Hash链的移动微支付协议CMP。该协议主要是针对价值较低的网络信息服务收费的需要,利用类H(?)non混沌系统迭代过程的单向性构造出双支付字链,通过双支付字链一确定的支付字对商家收费,而通过另一个链确定的支付字对用户收费。CMP协议具有匿名性、用户订购信息机密性,并能够提供部分公平性。分析表明该协议具有较高的安全性和较快的执行效率,适用于交易金额微小的移动微支付业务。
In recent years,as the development and popularization of Internet technology,the application of Internet shopping,Internet banking,and digital signature become more and more prevalent.Although the development of electronic commerce is marvelous,it still has safety problem,which is how to guarantee the safety of data transfer and identification of buyers or sellers.In electronic commerce,we use digital signature and authentication technology based on One-way Hash function to ensure the integrity of transaction data,the authentication of dealers and the non-rupudiation of transaction information.But the existing standard hash function has security problem,therefore,the construction of a new and security Hash function has become more important to the electronic commerce safety.
The purpose of this dissertation is to use irreversal of the chaotic system iteration process to construction chaotic Hash function,and apply it to digital signature,authentication and mobile micropayment protocol.This paper uses construction study of Hash function which is based on chaotic theory and connection with the requirement of electronic commerce security and mobile payment,which designs one time password authentication protocol and mobile micropayment protocol,is adopted as research subject,and the following work are organized in this dissertation.
(1) This research imports the sinusoidal factor,frequency factor,and phase control parameter to gain H(?)non-like chaotic mapping.The mapping is simple and has bigger parameters space,it is also difficult to be iterated inversely.This paper analyzes chaotic characteristics of mapping based on chaotic theory,it also discusses the maximum Lyapunov index of the H(?)non-like system.We obtain the emulational result of sensitivity of H(?)non-like system to the initial value and parameters.
(2) Design stream cipher algorithm based on H(?)non-like chaotic system.Because of its sensitivity to initial conditions and parameters along with pseudo-random of the iteration sequence of H(?)non-like,we presents a key sequence algorithm based on H(?)non-like chaotic system.The algorithm brings parameter and initial values into chaotic map and produces arbitrary length chaotic sequences by iteration,and quantifies them to gain key sequence that has good statistic character.The dissertation also analyzes the chaotic sequence by computer experiments.The results show that this chaotic sequence is well-proportioned and has good randomicity,meanwhile it has larger key space and can guarantee the security of plain-text effectively.
(3) After analyzing current typical Hash function and chaotic Hash function design scheme and its shortages and on basis of chaotic theory and Hash function theory.We propose a chaotic Hash function construction algorithm based on H(?)non-like chaotic system. It is very sensitive for initial value and parameters.The algorithm constructs chaotic Hash function by repeating iteration and commutation messages.Theoretical analysis and computer simulation demonstrate that it can satisfy all the performance requirements of Hash function and it is simply and easy to realize.
(4) By analyzing typical authentication schemes,especially S/KEY schemes in one time password,a new authentication protocol COTP is proposed.Different from other one time protocols,it gives the algorithm of chaotic scramble sort table and applies the scramble sort algorithm instead of real iteration times in the log on process.Gives the idea of encrypting to the seeds of protocol,theoretical analysis and computer simulation demonstrate that the COTP can resist little numbers attack,replay attack,internal attack and encryption seed and the times of iteration for transform,that realizes authentication between client and server.
(5) By analyzing current micropayment protocols,it points out its problems in security and operation efficiency,and designs mobile micropayment protocol CMP based on chaotic dual Hash chain.The protocol is chiefly for the demand of lower value network information service charge,it utilizes the one way character of the iteration process of H(?)non-like chaotic system to cnstruct two Payword chains.It charges merchants by Payword chain one,and charges for users by the other Payword chain.CMP has the anonymous character,the information ordered by users is confidentiality and it has partial fairness character.Analysis results demonstrate that the CMP has higher security and faster operation efficiency.Partial fair CMP is suitable for those micropayment transactions whose trade amount is very small and which only require part fairness.
(1)通过对H(?)non混沌系统引进正弦因子及频率因子和位相控制参数得到类H(?)non混沌系统。类H(?)non混沌系统不仅模型简单,有较大的参数空间,而且逆向迭代非常困难。基于混沌的基本理论对类H(?)non系统的混沌特性进行了分析,讨论了类H(?)non系统的最大Lyapunov指数,得到了类H(?)non混沌系统对初值和参数具有敏感性的仿真结果。
(2)设计了基于类H(?)non混沌系统的序列密码算法。根据类H(?)non混沌系统对初始条件和参数的敏感性以及迭代过程的伪随机性,提出了一种基于类H(?)non混沌系统的密钥序列生成算法。该算法将参数和初值带入混沌映射,经过迭代产生任意长度的混沌序列,并将其进行量化,量化后得到的密钥序列具有良好的统计特性。另外,还通过计算机实验,对所生成的混沌序列进行了分析。分析结果表明,这种算法生成的混沌序列具有随机性好,分布均匀的特点,并且有较大的密钥空间,可以有效地保障明文的安全。
(3)根据混沌理论和Hash函数理论,在详细分析现有的典型Hash函数和混沌Hash函数设计方案及其不足的基础上,提出了一种基于类H(?)non混沌系统的混沌Hash函数构造算法。该算法通过对类H(?)non系统循环迭代,对消息进行变换来构造混沌Hash函数。理论分析与计算机仿真实验结果表明,该混沌Hash函数对初值和参数极端敏感,很好地达到了Hash函数的各项性能要求,而且算法简单、易于实现。
(4)在分析经典的身份认证方案,特别是一次性口令认证方案OTP中S/KEY方案存在的问题的基础上,提出了一种新的身份认证协议COTP。与其它的一次性口令认证协议不同,在COTP一次性口令认证协议中,采用了基于混沌置乱排序表的设计算法,在用户登录过程中用置乱排序后的次数代替真正的迭代次数,对协议中用到的种子进行了加密处理。理论分析与仿真实验表明,COTP认证协议能抵御小数攻击、重放攻击及内部人员攻击,能对传输的种子和迭代次数进行加密,并实现了客户和服务器的双向认证。
(5)通过对现有微支付协议的分析研究,指出了它们在安全性及运行效率方面存在的问题,并在其基础上设计了基于混沌双Hash链的移动微支付协议CMP。该协议主要是针对价值较低的网络信息服务收费的需要,利用类H(?)non混沌系统迭代过程的单向性构造出双支付字链,通过双支付字链一确定的支付字对商家收费,而通过另一个链确定的支付字对用户收费。CMP协议具有匿名性、用户订购信息机密性,并能够提供部分公平性。分析表明该协议具有较高的安全性和较快的执行效率,适用于交易金额微小的移动微支付业务。
In recent years,as the development and popularization of Internet technology,the application of Internet shopping,Internet banking,and digital signature become more and more prevalent.Although the development of electronic commerce is marvelous,it still has safety problem,which is how to guarantee the safety of data transfer and identification of buyers or sellers.In electronic commerce,we use digital signature and authentication technology based on One-way Hash function to ensure the integrity of transaction data,the authentication of dealers and the non-rupudiation of transaction information.But the existing standard hash function has security problem,therefore,the construction of a new and security Hash function has become more important to the electronic commerce safety.
The purpose of this dissertation is to use irreversal of the chaotic system iteration process to construction chaotic Hash function,and apply it to digital signature,authentication and mobile micropayment protocol.This paper uses construction study of Hash function which is based on chaotic theory and connection with the requirement of electronic commerce security and mobile payment,which designs one time password authentication protocol and mobile micropayment protocol,is adopted as research subject,and the following work are organized in this dissertation.
(1) This research imports the sinusoidal factor,frequency factor,and phase control parameter to gain H(?)non-like chaotic mapping.The mapping is simple and has bigger parameters space,it is also difficult to be iterated inversely.This paper analyzes chaotic characteristics of mapping based on chaotic theory,it also discusses the maximum Lyapunov index of the H(?)non-like system.We obtain the emulational result of sensitivity of H(?)non-like system to the initial value and parameters.
(2) Design stream cipher algorithm based on H(?)non-like chaotic system.Because of its sensitivity to initial conditions and parameters along with pseudo-random of the iteration sequence of H(?)non-like,we presents a key sequence algorithm based on H(?)non-like chaotic system.The algorithm brings parameter and initial values into chaotic map and produces arbitrary length chaotic sequences by iteration,and quantifies them to gain key sequence that has good statistic character.The dissertation also analyzes the chaotic sequence by computer experiments.The results show that this chaotic sequence is well-proportioned and has good randomicity,meanwhile it has larger key space and can guarantee the security of plain-text effectively.
(3) After analyzing current typical Hash function and chaotic Hash function design scheme and its shortages and on basis of chaotic theory and Hash function theory.We propose a chaotic Hash function construction algorithm based on H(?)non-like chaotic system. It is very sensitive for initial value and parameters.The algorithm constructs chaotic Hash function by repeating iteration and commutation messages.Theoretical analysis and computer simulation demonstrate that it can satisfy all the performance requirements of Hash function and it is simply and easy to realize.
(4) By analyzing typical authentication schemes,especially S/KEY schemes in one time password,a new authentication protocol COTP is proposed.Different from other one time protocols,it gives the algorithm of chaotic scramble sort table and applies the scramble sort algorithm instead of real iteration times in the log on process.Gives the idea of encrypting to the seeds of protocol,theoretical analysis and computer simulation demonstrate that the COTP can resist little numbers attack,replay attack,internal attack and encryption seed and the times of iteration for transform,that realizes authentication between client and server.
(5) By analyzing current micropayment protocols,it points out its problems in security and operation efficiency,and designs mobile micropayment protocol CMP based on chaotic dual Hash chain.The protocol is chiefly for the demand of lower value network information service charge,it utilizes the one way character of the iteration process of H(?)non-like chaotic system to cnstruct two Payword chains.It charges merchants by Payword chain one,and charges for users by the other Payword chain.CMP has the anonymous character,the information ordered by users is confidentiality and it has partial fairness character.Analysis results demonstrate that the CMP has higher security and faster operation efficiency.Partial fair CMP is suitable for those micropayment transactions whose trade amount is very small and which only require part fairness.
引文
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