不同逻辑背景对跆拳道运动员直觉思维准确性及决策速度的影响
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摘要
运动直觉思维是复杂运动情境中的主要运动思维形式,是运动思维能力的核心。但它的产生与所面临的问题情境和运动知识经验有关,与长期专业训练的逻辑思维指导有关。本研究从跆拳道运动实践出发,以条件化的先验概率为逻辑思维背景材料,以决策为平台,旨在探讨不同逻辑背景及其表现形式、存在条件对跆拳道运动员直觉思维准确性及决策速度的影响。被试为国家跆拳道队、部分省市专业队队员,以及北京体育大学等高校跆拳道专选班学生,共379人,其中,男189人,女190人。实验采用自主研发的优秀跆拳道运动员思维决策测试系统(BTL—W—TQD—V1.0),使用MANOVA等方法对数据进行分析。结果表明:
1、逻辑背景显著影响跆拳道运动员直觉思维决策效果。
(1)逻辑背景复杂性和运动直觉思维决策效果密切关联,简单的逻辑背景条件较复杂的逻辑背景直觉思维准确性高,决策速度快。
(2)不同逻辑背景下顶尖组具有直觉思维准确性的专家优势,决策正确率在70%以上,明显大于随机概率。
(3)在相同的判断正确率区间内顶尖组在不同逻辑背景下决策速度显著快于其他组。
2、不确定性命题形式与运动直觉思维决策能力内在关系主要体现在准确性上。
(1)确定性命题形式直觉思维准确性均高于不确定性命题形式。
(2)不确定性命题条件概率越大,运动直觉思维准确性越高。
(3)顶尖组在不确定性命题形式下仍具有运动直觉思维准确性专家优势,平均正确率高出其他组15.95%。
3、不同逻辑背景下知识表征影响跆拳道运动员预判和直觉思维决策效果不同。
(1)不同逻辑背景下知识表征方式决策效果总体比较,表象表征比语义表征预判和直觉思维准确性高,决策速度快。
(2)顶尖组在表象表征预判和直觉思维准确性及决策速度上均表现出专家优势,而语义表征优势仅表现在预判和直觉思维准确性上。
4、不同逻辑背景下运动情景表征对跆拳道运动员预判和直觉思维决策影响效果不同。
(1)逻辑背景显著影响领先和均势情景预判和直觉思维决策效果,对落后情景预判速度和直觉思维准确性影响不显著。
(2)顶尖组在领先和均势情景中预判和直觉思维决策表现出专家优势,但在落后情景中未表现出明显的专家优势。
5、“优秀跆拳道运动员思维决策测试软件系统”具有较高的信效度,能为项目选材、训练、竞赛提供最直接的应用工具和方法。
Sport intuitive thinking is the major method of sport thinking on complex sport situation and it is the core of sport thinking ability. Its emerging attribute to problem situation and sports knowledge experience.It also attribute to the logic thinking created because of the long time of special training.Based on the field practice of the Taekwondo,this research,featuring the conditioned priori probability as its logic background and decision-making as its platform,attempts a probe into the influence of different logic background and its representing form and existing condition on the attaching accuracy of intuitive thinking and speed of decision-making of Taekwondo athlete. The 397 subjects(189 male and 190 female) involved includes the professional athletes serving the National Taekwondo team,some municipal and provincial Taekwondo teams as well as some students of the training schools in Beijing Sport University,Capital Institute of physical Education.This experiment examines an independently developed system(BTL-W-TQD-V0.1),collecting data and analyzing the findings by means of multivariate analysis of variance.The results indicated:
1、It is significant logic background affect the intuitive decision-making of Taekwondo athlete.
(1)The complexity of logic background significantly correlates the intuitive decision-making of Taekwondo athlete.And in a simple logic background not in a complex logic background condition,the accuracy of intuitive thinking is higher,the speed of decision-making is faster.
(2)The first-rank group possess an expert advantage of accuracy of intuitive thinking.The average proportions of correct responses is above 70%,significantly higher than random probability.
(3)Under different logic background within the same judging accuracy interval,the speed of intuitive decision-making of the first-rank group faster than the amateurish group remarkably.
2、Under different logic background,the influences of uncertain proposition on intuitive thinking mainly consists in the accuracy.
(1) The influences of certain proposition on intuitive is more accurate namely than the uncertain proposition.
(2) The bigger of the priori probabilit of the uncertain proposition, the higher of the accuracy of the intuitive decision-making.
(3) The level of Taekwondo athlete is higher,the accaracy of the influence of uncertain proposition on intuitive decision-making is higher.The average proportions of correct responses that the first-rank group posses is more 15.95%than the other athlete.
3.Under different logic background,knowledge representation affects the effect of the prejudgment and decision of intuitive thinking differently.
(1)In general,the accuracy of the mental image representation are higher than the prejudgment of semantic representation and intuitive thinking,and have faster speed of decision-making.
(2)The first-rank group displays the accuracy of prejudgment and intuitive and the expert advantages of speed in mental image representation,but the semantic representation only displays expert advantages in the accuracy of the prejudgment and intuitive thinking.
4.Under different logic background,the representation of task-based situations affects the effect of the prejudgment and decision of intuitive thinking differently.
(1) in an advantageous or evenly-balanced situation,but not in the unfavorable situation,the logic background affect the accuracy of the prejudgment and intuitive thinking remarkably.
(2) The faster the speed of decision making,and the first-rank group have advantages in the accuracy of prejudgment and intuitive thinking. But,the logic background only affect the speed of prejudgment and intuitive thinking decision-making once the situation is unfavorable to them,and in such situations the first-rank group does not possess expert advantages in prejudgment and decision-making.
5."The test system of the elite Taekwondo athlete' s thinking decision making" possess relative high degree of belief and validity, it can provide the most direct means and methods of application for talent selection,training and contesting of the Taekwondo projects.
1、逻辑背景显著影响跆拳道运动员直觉思维决策效果。
(1)逻辑背景复杂性和运动直觉思维决策效果密切关联,简单的逻辑背景条件较复杂的逻辑背景直觉思维准确性高,决策速度快。
(2)不同逻辑背景下顶尖组具有直觉思维准确性的专家优势,决策正确率在70%以上,明显大于随机概率。
(3)在相同的判断正确率区间内顶尖组在不同逻辑背景下决策速度显著快于其他组。
2、不确定性命题形式与运动直觉思维决策能力内在关系主要体现在准确性上。
(1)确定性命题形式直觉思维准确性均高于不确定性命题形式。
(2)不确定性命题条件概率越大,运动直觉思维准确性越高。
(3)顶尖组在不确定性命题形式下仍具有运动直觉思维准确性专家优势,平均正确率高出其他组15.95%。
3、不同逻辑背景下知识表征影响跆拳道运动员预判和直觉思维决策效果不同。
(1)不同逻辑背景下知识表征方式决策效果总体比较,表象表征比语义表征预判和直觉思维准确性高,决策速度快。
(2)顶尖组在表象表征预判和直觉思维准确性及决策速度上均表现出专家优势,而语义表征优势仅表现在预判和直觉思维准确性上。
4、不同逻辑背景下运动情景表征对跆拳道运动员预判和直觉思维决策影响效果不同。
(1)逻辑背景显著影响领先和均势情景预判和直觉思维决策效果,对落后情景预判速度和直觉思维准确性影响不显著。
(2)顶尖组在领先和均势情景中预判和直觉思维决策表现出专家优势,但在落后情景中未表现出明显的专家优势。
5、“优秀跆拳道运动员思维决策测试软件系统”具有较高的信效度,能为项目选材、训练、竞赛提供最直接的应用工具和方法。
Sport intuitive thinking is the major method of sport thinking on complex sport situation and it is the core of sport thinking ability. Its emerging attribute to problem situation and sports knowledge experience.It also attribute to the logic thinking created because of the long time of special training.Based on the field practice of the Taekwondo,this research,featuring the conditioned priori probability as its logic background and decision-making as its platform,attempts a probe into the influence of different logic background and its representing form and existing condition on the attaching accuracy of intuitive thinking and speed of decision-making of Taekwondo athlete. The 397 subjects(189 male and 190 female) involved includes the professional athletes serving the National Taekwondo team,some municipal and provincial Taekwondo teams as well as some students of the training schools in Beijing Sport University,Capital Institute of physical Education.This experiment examines an independently developed system(BTL-W-TQD-V0.1),collecting data and analyzing the findings by means of multivariate analysis of variance.The results indicated:
1、It is significant logic background affect the intuitive decision-making of Taekwondo athlete.
(1)The complexity of logic background significantly correlates the intuitive decision-making of Taekwondo athlete.And in a simple logic background not in a complex logic background condition,the accuracy of intuitive thinking is higher,the speed of decision-making is faster.
(2)The first-rank group possess an expert advantage of accuracy of intuitive thinking.The average proportions of correct responses is above 70%,significantly higher than random probability.
(3)Under different logic background within the same judging accuracy interval,the speed of intuitive decision-making of the first-rank group faster than the amateurish group remarkably.
2、Under different logic background,the influences of uncertain proposition on intuitive thinking mainly consists in the accuracy.
(1) The influences of certain proposition on intuitive is more accurate namely than the uncertain proposition.
(2) The bigger of the priori probabilit of the uncertain proposition, the higher of the accuracy of the intuitive decision-making.
(3) The level of Taekwondo athlete is higher,the accaracy of the influence of uncertain proposition on intuitive decision-making is higher.The average proportions of correct responses that the first-rank group posses is more 15.95%than the other athlete.
3.Under different logic background,knowledge representation affects the effect of the prejudgment and decision of intuitive thinking differently.
(1)In general,the accuracy of the mental image representation are higher than the prejudgment of semantic representation and intuitive thinking,and have faster speed of decision-making.
(2)The first-rank group displays the accuracy of prejudgment and intuitive and the expert advantages of speed in mental image representation,but the semantic representation only displays expert advantages in the accuracy of the prejudgment and intuitive thinking.
4.Under different logic background,the representation of task-based situations affects the effect of the prejudgment and decision of intuitive thinking differently.
(1) in an advantageous or evenly-balanced situation,but not in the unfavorable situation,the logic background affect the accuracy of the prejudgment and intuitive thinking remarkably.
(2) The faster the speed of decision making,and the first-rank group have advantages in the accuracy of prejudgment and intuitive thinking. But,the logic background only affect the speed of prejudgment and intuitive thinking decision-making once the situation is unfavorable to them,and in such situations the first-rank group does not possess expert advantages in prejudgment and decision-making.
5."The test system of the elite Taekwondo athlete' s thinking decision making" possess relative high degree of belief and validity, it can provide the most direct means and methods of application for talent selection,training and contesting of the Taekwondo projects.
引文
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