波浪和涌潮荷载作用下排桩的动力响应
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摘要
排桩在波浪荷载下的动力响应以及排桩丁坝在涌潮作用下的受力特性一直是工程界关注的问题,它们都属于“流体-群桩-土体”的耦合振动问题。本文对波浪和涌潮荷载作用下排桩和排桩丁坝的动力响应问题进行了比较系统的研究。
基于Biot固结理论,采用均匀多孔弹性介质土模型,推导了波浪作用下海床的动力响应,获得了海床模量在波浪作用下的竖向分布情况,为“流体-群桩-土体”的耦合振动问题提供了计算依据。
对于大尺度桩的波浪受力问题,建立了“势流-弹性桩-土”解析模型,既考虑桩和流体耦合振动,又考虑埋置土层对动力响应的影响,通过桩的水平振动速度等于耦合面上的流体速度建立方程。对土模量,淘空深度,桩身刚度等参数对桩顶位移和桩身弯矩的影响进行了分析和研究。
对于小尺度弹性桩的波浪受力问题,采用修正Morison公式计算波浪力,分别建立桩土单元振动模型和桩水单元振动模型,把桩土单元刚度矩阵和桩水单元刚度矩阵组合后,形成总体刚度矩阵。将Morison力等效为单元节点荷载,求得小尺度弹性桩土系统在波浪力下的动力响应数值解,相对于6倍桩径法和忽略桩水耦合的计算结果,更准确合理。
对于波浪荷载作用下埋置群桩的动力问题,以小尺度弹性桩在波浪力下的动力响应数值解为基础,采用规范法分析桩水相互作用的群桩效应,采用Winkler地基梁模型分析桩土相互作用的群桩效应。计算结果表明,埋置弹性群桩的受力比较复杂,其动力响应和波浪力的入射角度、桩间距、群桩排列方式都有关系。本方法综合考虑了桩水耦合振动、桩水相互作用的群桩效应、桩土相互作用的群桩效应和埋置土层等因素,真实的模拟了埋置群桩在波浪荷载下的受力状态。
钱塘江排桩丁坝在涌潮下的动力响应问题属于“桩-土-流体”耦合振动问题的一种特殊情况。通过现场测试获得了钱塘江涌潮压力的时程曲线及其涌潮压力在竖向空间的分布,基于波浪荷载作用下埋置群桩的动力问题求解方法,将实测涌潮压力傅立叶级数展开之后,作为横向荷载输入,求得钱塘江丁坝的动力响应,并和实测数据相对比。探讨了涌潮高度,丁坝桩径,桩距,海床土参数对排桩丁坝动力响应的影响。通过研究排桩丁坝的位移和内力响应随涌潮的变化情况,得到了不同涌潮高度下丁坝响应的规律。建议了排桩丁坝的结构优化计算方法,以指导排桩丁坝的结构设计。
With the development of ocean techniques, more and more ocean constructions, such as high pile dock, ocean flat, span ocean bridge, are built. Pile foundation is the most popular foundation. The coupling vibration of "liquid-pile group-soil" has been the key problem, recently. In addition, the pile groins are the new type constructions, which were first used in Qiantangjiagn River. The strength mechanism is similar to ocean flat, high pile dock. It's urgent to solve the dynamic response to direct the project design.
First, based on the Biot Concretion Theory and the uniform poro-elastic medium model, the dynamic response of the riverbed is deduced. The soil sketeton displacement is obtained, considered the effects of parameters of the waves and the soils, the module's change due to the waves is studied, and this work provides dependable reference to the calculation of coupling vibration of "liquid-pile group-soil".
For the large scale embedded pile.Based on the velocity potential eigenfunction expansion, the pile and the soil are assumed as elastomer and winkler foundation, the condition that the stress and the displacement of the pile are continuous on the soil surface establishes the equations, which figure that the pile couplers the liquid, or the lateral velocity of the pile equals the lateral velocity of the liquid on the pile surface, the analytical resolution of the embedded pile's vibration in non-viscous liquid is found. The study indicates that the non-viscous liquid's acting force on the elastic pile differ the force on the rigid pile greatly, especially when the pile stiffness and the soil mudule are small. When the frequency of the incident wave approaches the natural vibration frequency, the swing of the pile reaches peak, while the acting force is relatively less.
For the small scale embedded pile, the wave force that acts on the small scale pile adopts the modified Morison Equation. The pile-soil element model and the pile-water element model are established, by the numerical method, the dynamic response of pile to the wave load is calculated. Then this mumerical method is compared with the traditional 6-diameter method and the method that ignores the couple of water and pile.
For the small scale embedded pile group, the wave force is calculated with criterion standard, and pile group effect is considered when the pile-soil interaction is analysed. The numeration result indicates that the strength mechanism of embedded pile group is very complex, the dynamic resoponse is relative to the factors,such as incidence angle, space between piles, and the arrange mode of piles. The method in this thesis considers the pile-water couple and the effect that the embedded soil on the pile, so the dynamic response is factually simulated.
The dynamic response of the piling groins under the tidal bore in Qiantangjiang River is the special instance of the "pile-soil-liquid" coupling vibration problem. The tidal bore has high tide, large velocity of liquid and strong wallop, the new type hydraulic system's dynamic response emphases the particularity of the tidal bore of the Qiantangjiang River. The tidal bore pressure's history and the distribution is obtained by locate testing and numerical simulation, based on the research about the embedded pile's coupling the liquid. The measured Qiantangjiang River bore loading is presented by means of the Fourier Series transform and input as the lateral load. The dynamic response is obtained and compared with the measured data. The effect of the parameters such as tide heigh, diameter of the pile, distance of the pile, soil is discussed and the results are compared with other methods such as m method, constant method, static and dynamic FEM. The investigation indicates that the bore's frequency keeps away from the pile's natural vibration frequency. Though it has strong wallop, the static model of the bore is permitted to apply in design. If the length of pile in the sea is large and the natural vibration frequency is low, it's necessary to apply dynamic method, especially when the natural vibration frequency approaches the wave load frequency.
基于Biot固结理论,采用均匀多孔弹性介质土模型,推导了波浪作用下海床的动力响应,获得了海床模量在波浪作用下的竖向分布情况,为“流体-群桩-土体”的耦合振动问题提供了计算依据。
对于大尺度桩的波浪受力问题,建立了“势流-弹性桩-土”解析模型,既考虑桩和流体耦合振动,又考虑埋置土层对动力响应的影响,通过桩的水平振动速度等于耦合面上的流体速度建立方程。对土模量,淘空深度,桩身刚度等参数对桩顶位移和桩身弯矩的影响进行了分析和研究。
对于小尺度弹性桩的波浪受力问题,采用修正Morison公式计算波浪力,分别建立桩土单元振动模型和桩水单元振动模型,把桩土单元刚度矩阵和桩水单元刚度矩阵组合后,形成总体刚度矩阵。将Morison力等效为单元节点荷载,求得小尺度弹性桩土系统在波浪力下的动力响应数值解,相对于6倍桩径法和忽略桩水耦合的计算结果,更准确合理。
对于波浪荷载作用下埋置群桩的动力问题,以小尺度弹性桩在波浪力下的动力响应数值解为基础,采用规范法分析桩水相互作用的群桩效应,采用Winkler地基梁模型分析桩土相互作用的群桩效应。计算结果表明,埋置弹性群桩的受力比较复杂,其动力响应和波浪力的入射角度、桩间距、群桩排列方式都有关系。本方法综合考虑了桩水耦合振动、桩水相互作用的群桩效应、桩土相互作用的群桩效应和埋置土层等因素,真实的模拟了埋置群桩在波浪荷载下的受力状态。
钱塘江排桩丁坝在涌潮下的动力响应问题属于“桩-土-流体”耦合振动问题的一种特殊情况。通过现场测试获得了钱塘江涌潮压力的时程曲线及其涌潮压力在竖向空间的分布,基于波浪荷载作用下埋置群桩的动力问题求解方法,将实测涌潮压力傅立叶级数展开之后,作为横向荷载输入,求得钱塘江丁坝的动力响应,并和实测数据相对比。探讨了涌潮高度,丁坝桩径,桩距,海床土参数对排桩丁坝动力响应的影响。通过研究排桩丁坝的位移和内力响应随涌潮的变化情况,得到了不同涌潮高度下丁坝响应的规律。建议了排桩丁坝的结构优化计算方法,以指导排桩丁坝的结构设计。
With the development of ocean techniques, more and more ocean constructions, such as high pile dock, ocean flat, span ocean bridge, are built. Pile foundation is the most popular foundation. The coupling vibration of "liquid-pile group-soil" has been the key problem, recently. In addition, the pile groins are the new type constructions, which were first used in Qiantangjiagn River. The strength mechanism is similar to ocean flat, high pile dock. It's urgent to solve the dynamic response to direct the project design.
First, based on the Biot Concretion Theory and the uniform poro-elastic medium model, the dynamic response of the riverbed is deduced. The soil sketeton displacement is obtained, considered the effects of parameters of the waves and the soils, the module's change due to the waves is studied, and this work provides dependable reference to the calculation of coupling vibration of "liquid-pile group-soil".
For the large scale embedded pile.Based on the velocity potential eigenfunction expansion, the pile and the soil are assumed as elastomer and winkler foundation, the condition that the stress and the displacement of the pile are continuous on the soil surface establishes the equations, which figure that the pile couplers the liquid, or the lateral velocity of the pile equals the lateral velocity of the liquid on the pile surface, the analytical resolution of the embedded pile's vibration in non-viscous liquid is found. The study indicates that the non-viscous liquid's acting force on the elastic pile differ the force on the rigid pile greatly, especially when the pile stiffness and the soil mudule are small. When the frequency of the incident wave approaches the natural vibration frequency, the swing of the pile reaches peak, while the acting force is relatively less.
For the small scale embedded pile, the wave force that acts on the small scale pile adopts the modified Morison Equation. The pile-soil element model and the pile-water element model are established, by the numerical method, the dynamic response of pile to the wave load is calculated. Then this mumerical method is compared with the traditional 6-diameter method and the method that ignores the couple of water and pile.
For the small scale embedded pile group, the wave force is calculated with criterion standard, and pile group effect is considered when the pile-soil interaction is analysed. The numeration result indicates that the strength mechanism of embedded pile group is very complex, the dynamic resoponse is relative to the factors,such as incidence angle, space between piles, and the arrange mode of piles. The method in this thesis considers the pile-water couple and the effect that the embedded soil on the pile, so the dynamic response is factually simulated.
The dynamic response of the piling groins under the tidal bore in Qiantangjiang River is the special instance of the "pile-soil-liquid" coupling vibration problem. The tidal bore has high tide, large velocity of liquid and strong wallop, the new type hydraulic system's dynamic response emphases the particularity of the tidal bore of the Qiantangjiang River. The tidal bore pressure's history and the distribution is obtained by locate testing and numerical simulation, based on the research about the embedded pile's coupling the liquid. The measured Qiantangjiang River bore loading is presented by means of the Fourier Series transform and input as the lateral load. The dynamic response is obtained and compared with the measured data. The effect of the parameters such as tide heigh, diameter of the pile, distance of the pile, soil is discussed and the results are compared with other methods such as m method, constant method, static and dynamic FEM. The investigation indicates that the bore's frequency keeps away from the pile's natural vibration frequency. Though it has strong wallop, the static model of the bore is permitted to apply in design. If the length of pile in the sea is large and the natural vibration frequency is low, it's necessary to apply dynamic method, especially when the natural vibration frequency approaches the wave load frequency.
引文
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2.Sleath JFA.Wave induced pressures in beds of sand.J Hydraul Div A S C E 1970;96(2):367-378.
3.Massel SR.Gravity waves propagated over permeable bottom.J Watways Harb Costle Engng A S C E 1976;102(2):111-121.
4.H Moshagen AT.Wave induced pressures in Permeable seabed.J Watways Harb Costle Engng A S C E 1975;101(WW1):464-465.
5.J H Prevost OE,K H Anderson.Discussion of wave induced pressure in permeable seabed.J Watways Harb Costle Engng A S C E 1975;101(ww4):464-465.
6.T Yamamoto HLK,H Sellmeijer.On the response of a poro-elastic bed to water waves,journal Fluid Mechanics 1978;87(1):196-206.
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