边坡稳定性摄影监测分析系统研究
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摘要
随着矿产资源的进一步开发,越来越多的露天矿更进一步向深部开采,形成了越来越多的人工高边坡,随之而来的滑坡风险和隐患也在增加,这种隐患严重威胁着矿山的安全生产及技术经济效益的发挥,因此,加强对高陡边坡的变形监测和稳定性分析就显得非常重要。鉴于以前对于边坡变形监测主要集中于点的变形监测的特点,本文采用多基线数字近景摄影测量的方法,实现了基于面的边坡变形监测,编制了边坡稳定性分析可视化程序,并将边坡变形监测系统和稳定性分析程序应用于某露天矿的边帮、排土场和尾矿坝的变形监测和稳定性分析中。本文的主要工作如下:
1分析了目前边坡变形监测和稳定性分析的研究现状,简述了多基线数字近景摄影测量软件的功能及其与以往的近景摄影测量软件的异同。
2通过模拟试验验证了使用多基线数字近景摄影测量软件进行边坡变形监测的可行性,同时对其交会角和摄距对软件精度的影响规律进行了试验研究。试验研究表明,本近景摄影测量系统的精度与相机的象素、镜头的焦距、摄影测量的距离、交会角、全站仪的精度及测量方式等因素有关。随着交会角的增大,X、Y方向交会的精度越来越高,而Z方向一直具有较高的精度,交会角的变化对其影响不如对X、Y方向精度的影响明显;随着交会角的加大,平面和深度中误差迅速减小。随着摄影基线长度的增加,X、Y、Z3个方向的交会精度随之提高,相对精度也逐渐提高。基线短,则交会精度和相对精度较低。软件在处理过程中,其相对精度都可以达到很高的精度,其平面中误差和深度中误差总体上随距离的增加而增大,但在一范围内,采用不同的镜头,在较远处可以比相对较近处获得更高的精度。
3根据刚体极限平衡法的计算原理和岩石崩塌力学原理,编制了边坡稳定性分析软件,软件包含了常用的一些极限平衡计算方法(如Fellenius法、Bishop法、Janbu法、Sarma法)及三维楔形体法、崩塌评价法。分析了各种计算方法适用的主要技术条件,并以某露天矿排土场的稳定性分析为例介绍了软件的操作流程。通过与大型边坡稳定性分析软件Geo-studio的计算结果对比,验证了程序的可靠性。
4将近景摄影测量监测系统和稳定性分析软件应用于某露天矿的边帮、排土场及尾矿坝的变形监测和稳定性分析中。对比了摄影测量监测软件解算的不同时期不同边坡的变形与全站仪的所测的变形,结果表明软件解算的变形与全站仪所测的变形很一致;利用开发的边坡稳定性分析软件,根据不同的地质情况,分别对露天矿边坡、排土场边坡和尾矿坝进行了多工况的分析计算。
研究结果表明,基于多基线近景数字摄影测量技术的边坡变形监测是科学可行的,可用于各种边坡的监测,如露天矿边坡、排土场、尾矿坝等,能实现边坡点和面的变形监测。
本文所取得的研究成果可为矿山安全生产和边坡治理设计提供科学的依据,具有一定的理论意义和现实意义。
With the further exploitation of mining resource,more and more open pits are coming into deep mining stage and more artificial high slope is forming,which increase the dangerous and hidden trouble of landslide and threaten the safe product and technology and economic benefit,so it is important to monitor the deformation of high slope and analyze its stability.The deformation monitoring focus on the deformation of points in tradition,the paper realize the deformation monitoring basing on the plane by employing the method of multi-baseline digital close-range photogrammetry.Visual program for slope stability analysis is compiled in paper and the system of deformation monitoring and stability analysis is used in a open pit mine. The main work of paper is as follows:
1 The current study of slope deformation monitoring and stability analysis is intorduced in detail.The function of the multi-baseline digital close-range photogrammetry software is introduced and the differences between the software and other close-range photogrammetry software are compared.
2 The feasibility of software for slope deformation monitoring is validated by simulation test and the influence of intersection angle and distance of photography on the precision of software is studied.The results show that the precision of software is related to the camera pels,focus,and distance of photography,intersection angle,the precision of electronic tachometer and the survey method.The bigger the intersection angle is,the higher the precision in X and Y direction is,the change of intersection angle has little influence on the precision in Z direction.The plane error and deepness error decrease with the increase of intersection angle.The precision in X,Y,Z direction and relative precision increase with the increase of baseline distance,the relative precision of software is high,its error increase with distance of photography increase as a whole,but the precision of far distance may be higher than the precision of relative near distance by using different camera lens.
3 Basing on limit equilibrium and rock falling mechanics theory,the software of stability analysis is compiled,the software includes some common limit equilibrium methods such as Fellenius method、Bishop method、Janbu method、Sarma method and tridimentional wedge method and collapse evaluation method.The software operation technological process is introduced by taking some open pit mine refuse dump stabilities analysis as example.The reliability of software is validated by comparing the results of Geo-studio software,which is large scale slope stability analysis software.
4 The system of multi-baseline close-range photogrammetry deformation monitoring and stability analysis is used in some open pit slopes,dump and tailing dam.Comparing the deformation monitoring results of software and electronic tachometer,it shows that results of two method are consistent.Basing on different geology,multi-work condition analysis of open pit slope,dump and tailing dam is studied by employing software.
The results show that the monitoring system based on the multi-baseline digital close-range photogrammetry is feasible.It used for slope monitoring,such as the open pit slope,the dump,the tailing dam,and so on,and also achieve the point and surface deformation monitory of slope.
The research results obtained in this paper provide a scientific basis for mine safety production and the slope design,and have a certain theoretical and practical significance.
1分析了目前边坡变形监测和稳定性分析的研究现状,简述了多基线数字近景摄影测量软件的功能及其与以往的近景摄影测量软件的异同。
2通过模拟试验验证了使用多基线数字近景摄影测量软件进行边坡变形监测的可行性,同时对其交会角和摄距对软件精度的影响规律进行了试验研究。试验研究表明,本近景摄影测量系统的精度与相机的象素、镜头的焦距、摄影测量的距离、交会角、全站仪的精度及测量方式等因素有关。随着交会角的增大,X、Y方向交会的精度越来越高,而Z方向一直具有较高的精度,交会角的变化对其影响不如对X、Y方向精度的影响明显;随着交会角的加大,平面和深度中误差迅速减小。随着摄影基线长度的增加,X、Y、Z3个方向的交会精度随之提高,相对精度也逐渐提高。基线短,则交会精度和相对精度较低。软件在处理过程中,其相对精度都可以达到很高的精度,其平面中误差和深度中误差总体上随距离的增加而增大,但在一范围内,采用不同的镜头,在较远处可以比相对较近处获得更高的精度。
3根据刚体极限平衡法的计算原理和岩石崩塌力学原理,编制了边坡稳定性分析软件,软件包含了常用的一些极限平衡计算方法(如Fellenius法、Bishop法、Janbu法、Sarma法)及三维楔形体法、崩塌评价法。分析了各种计算方法适用的主要技术条件,并以某露天矿排土场的稳定性分析为例介绍了软件的操作流程。通过与大型边坡稳定性分析软件Geo-studio的计算结果对比,验证了程序的可靠性。
4将近景摄影测量监测系统和稳定性分析软件应用于某露天矿的边帮、排土场及尾矿坝的变形监测和稳定性分析中。对比了摄影测量监测软件解算的不同时期不同边坡的变形与全站仪的所测的变形,结果表明软件解算的变形与全站仪所测的变形很一致;利用开发的边坡稳定性分析软件,根据不同的地质情况,分别对露天矿边坡、排土场边坡和尾矿坝进行了多工况的分析计算。
研究结果表明,基于多基线近景数字摄影测量技术的边坡变形监测是科学可行的,可用于各种边坡的监测,如露天矿边坡、排土场、尾矿坝等,能实现边坡点和面的变形监测。
本文所取得的研究成果可为矿山安全生产和边坡治理设计提供科学的依据,具有一定的理论意义和现实意义。
With the further exploitation of mining resource,more and more open pits are coming into deep mining stage and more artificial high slope is forming,which increase the dangerous and hidden trouble of landslide and threaten the safe product and technology and economic benefit,so it is important to monitor the deformation of high slope and analyze its stability.The deformation monitoring focus on the deformation of points in tradition,the paper realize the deformation monitoring basing on the plane by employing the method of multi-baseline digital close-range photogrammetry.Visual program for slope stability analysis is compiled in paper and the system of deformation monitoring and stability analysis is used in a open pit mine. The main work of paper is as follows:
1 The current study of slope deformation monitoring and stability analysis is intorduced in detail.The function of the multi-baseline digital close-range photogrammetry software is introduced and the differences between the software and other close-range photogrammetry software are compared.
2 The feasibility of software for slope deformation monitoring is validated by simulation test and the influence of intersection angle and distance of photography on the precision of software is studied.The results show that the precision of software is related to the camera pels,focus,and distance of photography,intersection angle,the precision of electronic tachometer and the survey method.The bigger the intersection angle is,the higher the precision in X and Y direction is,the change of intersection angle has little influence on the precision in Z direction.The plane error and deepness error decrease with the increase of intersection angle.The precision in X,Y,Z direction and relative precision increase with the increase of baseline distance,the relative precision of software is high,its error increase with distance of photography increase as a whole,but the precision of far distance may be higher than the precision of relative near distance by using different camera lens.
3 Basing on limit equilibrium and rock falling mechanics theory,the software of stability analysis is compiled,the software includes some common limit equilibrium methods such as Fellenius method、Bishop method、Janbu method、Sarma method and tridimentional wedge method and collapse evaluation method.The software operation technological process is introduced by taking some open pit mine refuse dump stabilities analysis as example.The reliability of software is validated by comparing the results of Geo-studio software,which is large scale slope stability analysis software.
4 The system of multi-baseline close-range photogrammetry deformation monitoring and stability analysis is used in some open pit slopes,dump and tailing dam.Comparing the deformation monitoring results of software and electronic tachometer,it shows that results of two method are consistent.Basing on different geology,multi-work condition analysis of open pit slope,dump and tailing dam is studied by employing software.
The results show that the monitoring system based on the multi-baseline digital close-range photogrammetry is feasible.It used for slope monitoring,such as the open pit slope,the dump,the tailing dam,and so on,and also achieve the point and surface deformation monitory of slope.
The research results obtained in this paper provide a scientific basis for mine safety production and the slope design,and have a certain theoretical and practical significance.
引文
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