三维地质建模及其在天然气水合物储量评价中的应用
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摘要
随着全球能源需求的不断增加,对新型替代能源——天然气水合物深入研究的重要性日益彰显。本文对三维地质模型的基本原理和具体应用进行归纳总结,并介绍天然气水合物赋存的地球物理证据、构造沉积特征、地球化学特征、形成存在的温压条件及研究意义。采用插值法对空间数据进行处理,构建天然气水合物三维地质模型,从三维的角度更加逼真准确的对水合物矿体进行观察和分析解释。应用三维地质建模技术,在VC++.NET平台下,结合Open Inventor三维图形软件包,开发出一套实用的、具有自主知识产权的天然气水合物储量评价系统(GHRES)软件,并已应用于南海北部陆坡某研究区,取得理想效果。
在研究区数据文件中,提取出不同时间域的各种地震属性信息,应用SOM神经网络方法对其分类,可以对水合物矿体进行有效识别。应用BP神经网络的方法对水合物物性参数(即孔隙度和饱和度)进行预测,大幅提高了预测精度。建立天然气水合物三维矿体雕刻模型,精细刻画矿体内部地质特征,动态圈定水合物矿体的边界形态,然后对水合物三维矿体雕刻模型进行体积剖分,确定水合物矿体基本六面体单元的体积、孔隙度和饱和度,最后使用三维矿体雕刻模型法估算得到水合物的储量。
Due to the complexity of the geological diversity of objects, information resources increasingly rich and three-dimensional visualization technology's rapid development, the application of three-dimensional geological model to the field become a research hotspot. Through the establishment of three-dimensional geological model, you can display realistic geological structures, describe the physical properties of geological features and evaluation of reserves. In the three-dimensional geological model of the observation and analysis, it can not only verify the preliminary exploration work, but also provide a favorable reference to the evaluation and development of the latter. Three-dimensional geological modeling is playing an increasingly important role as a means of comprehensive research in the treatment of geological problems. As a potential alternative sources of energy, the distribution of gas hydrate, which has the characteristics of wide range of large reserves, high energy density, shallow burial depth and pollution-free after post-combustion, will become possibly alternatives of oil, natural gas and coal in the future, and have great significance in the farther research.
Paper, build a three-dimensional geological model of gas hydrate from the perspective of a more realistic three-dimensional observation and accurate analysis, which adopt interpolation to deal with spatial data. The establishment of gas hydrate model three-dimensional ore body sculpture, portrait of the geological characteristics of the ore body, dynamic delineation of ore boundaries hydrate form, and then three-dimensional ore body sculpture of hydrate volume mesh model, the application of three-dimensional ore body sculpture model method hydrate reserves. The main research contents are as follows:
1. It expatiated the research significance of three-dimensional geological modeling and the development of gas hydrate, reviewed the domestic and international gas hydrate research, and summarized the existing domestic and international three-dimensional geological model of the type and three-dimensional geological modeling software features. This thesis, based on research ideas, advanced specific research methods .
2. Aiming at the requirement and characteristics of the data obtained of the modeling of gas hydrates, it established the geological space for triangulation using of Delaunay triangulation algorithm disorderly scattered data points, and then become the triangular data points online for the rules of interpolation of grid data to generate the surface model formation, the application of the triangular upper and lower bands to the surface of suture formation, construction of model formation. Using three-dimensional texture hardware-accelerated volume rendering methods, analyze the ore body's internal structure and properties of the distribution of the situation by spatial data model for the establishment of a variety of attributes model. In the three-dimensional scene, the use of the projection transformation, the processing of the light and materials, the addition of bump texture, made the model show good results, a more prominent model for the distribution of geological features of the method. In addition, the seismic profile could act animation along X, Y and Z direction or any direction .
3. Using gas hydrate through three-dimensional seismic data processing, the established seismic models, seismic attributes model and physical parameters of the model. On the basic concepts of gas hydrate and distribution, as well as the existence of the geophysical evidence hydrate: hydrate community marked the end of the—BSR (bottom simulating reflector layer), the amplitude blanking zone, the waveform of BSR polarity reversal. Hydrate occurrence in the general seabed sedimentary basins of hydrate structures, sedimentary characteristics, and geochemical characteristics, the existence of hydrate formation temperature and pressure conditions for analysis. On account of many different types of seismic attributes, it made use of SOM neural network method, extraction of attribute data characteristics, model, to effectively hydrate recognition. Using conventional BP neural network methods, it can predict gas hydrate physical parameters (porosity and saturation) of the basic principles and concrete steps.
4. Based on the volume method, it advanced the application of three-dimensional ore body sculpture model to estimate gas hydrate reserves. Three-dimensional ore body sculpture method carried out on hexahedral mesh cube, which made the two-dimensional distribution of cases hydrate the area and the calculation of effective thickness translate into three-dimensional unit case volume for the calculation of ore, and portrayed fine the geological characteristics of the ore body, and dynamic boundary delineation of ore bodies form hydrates.
5. The use of VC ++. NET as a development platform, combined with Open Inventor package, set up visual evaluation of gas hydrate system (GHRES). Open Inventor which had the characteristics of object-oriented, could make programming simple, achieve a more realistic target at the same time cross-platform features.
Overall system is divided into three modules: module model basin, deposits and reserves estimates model module. Basin model modules: harbor basin on the three-dimensional computer modeling, the structure of observable characteristics of the basin. Minerals model modules: including three-dimensional seismic model, seismic attribute model, physical parameters of the model, the model can be sliced in any direction, cutting, transparent display, by means of a detailed analysis of these showed that the internal characteristics of the reservoir, in order to provide a basis for hydrate exploration .Reserves estimation module: dynamic delineation of hydrate ore body shape and borders, and the use of three-dimensional model to estimate ore reserves carving. In addition, system can be set according to user need to be flexible color table, work area coordinates attribute wells, graphics notes attribute , the various models, such as display properties.
6. Analysis of gas hydrate reserves evaluation system (GHRES) in the South China Sea continental slope north of the study area in a specific application. It described the structure of the study area of the sedimentary characteristics, temperature and pressure conditions, and established three-dimensional digital model of BSR layers, seismic wave impedance properties of model and data model, such as attributes, and finally through the establishment of three-dimensional ore body sculpture model hydrate, hydrate estimate reserves. Hydrate ore body sculpture first volume mesh model for calculation of the hydrate model ore body subdivision carved out of each hexahedron volume, porosity and saturation, and finally by use of the three-dimensional ore body sculpture model formula, obtained study area of the reserves of hydrate.
The results of the work achieved and innovation are as follows:
1. The author used three-dimensional geological modeling technology, to develop a practical, with independent intellectual property rights of natural gas hydrate reserves evaluation system (GHRES) software, and the northern South China Sea continental slope has been used in a study area, the desired effect.
2. Data files from the work area to extract a variety of different time domain seismic attributes information. Application of this information through self-organizing neural network approach to hydrate ore body the shape of the boundary description can hydrate ore body to identify effective.
3. Paper with conventional methods in the physical parameters of hydrate prediction, based on the application of the method of BP neural network parameters on the hydrate (porosity and saturation) to predict and improve the prediction accuracy.
4. Author hexahedron model as the basic unit of gas hydrate ore body three-dimensional sculpture, a three-dimensional model of ore body sculpture. Through the model can be dynamic delineation of ore boundaries hydrate form, hydrate described the spatial distribution of ore body characteristics, portrait of the hydrate to obtain geological characteristics of minor bodies. To volume-based, three-dimensional model of ore body carving methods to estimate reserves.
在研究区数据文件中,提取出不同时间域的各种地震属性信息,应用SOM神经网络方法对其分类,可以对水合物矿体进行有效识别。应用BP神经网络的方法对水合物物性参数(即孔隙度和饱和度)进行预测,大幅提高了预测精度。建立天然气水合物三维矿体雕刻模型,精细刻画矿体内部地质特征,动态圈定水合物矿体的边界形态,然后对水合物三维矿体雕刻模型进行体积剖分,确定水合物矿体基本六面体单元的体积、孔隙度和饱和度,最后使用三维矿体雕刻模型法估算得到水合物的储量。
Due to the complexity of the geological diversity of objects, information resources increasingly rich and three-dimensional visualization technology's rapid development, the application of three-dimensional geological model to the field become a research hotspot. Through the establishment of three-dimensional geological model, you can display realistic geological structures, describe the physical properties of geological features and evaluation of reserves. In the three-dimensional geological model of the observation and analysis, it can not only verify the preliminary exploration work, but also provide a favorable reference to the evaluation and development of the latter. Three-dimensional geological modeling is playing an increasingly important role as a means of comprehensive research in the treatment of geological problems. As a potential alternative sources of energy, the distribution of gas hydrate, which has the characteristics of wide range of large reserves, high energy density, shallow burial depth and pollution-free after post-combustion, will become possibly alternatives of oil, natural gas and coal in the future, and have great significance in the farther research.
Paper, build a three-dimensional geological model of gas hydrate from the perspective of a more realistic three-dimensional observation and accurate analysis, which adopt interpolation to deal with spatial data. The establishment of gas hydrate model three-dimensional ore body sculpture, portrait of the geological characteristics of the ore body, dynamic delineation of ore boundaries hydrate form, and then three-dimensional ore body sculpture of hydrate volume mesh model, the application of three-dimensional ore body sculpture model method hydrate reserves. The main research contents are as follows:
1. It expatiated the research significance of three-dimensional geological modeling and the development of gas hydrate, reviewed the domestic and international gas hydrate research, and summarized the existing domestic and international three-dimensional geological model of the type and three-dimensional geological modeling software features. This thesis, based on research ideas, advanced specific research methods .
2. Aiming at the requirement and characteristics of the data obtained of the modeling of gas hydrates, it established the geological space for triangulation using of Delaunay triangulation algorithm disorderly scattered data points, and then become the triangular data points online for the rules of interpolation of grid data to generate the surface model formation, the application of the triangular upper and lower bands to the surface of suture formation, construction of model formation. Using three-dimensional texture hardware-accelerated volume rendering methods, analyze the ore body's internal structure and properties of the distribution of the situation by spatial data model for the establishment of a variety of attributes model. In the three-dimensional scene, the use of the projection transformation, the processing of the light and materials, the addition of bump texture, made the model show good results, a more prominent model for the distribution of geological features of the method. In addition, the seismic profile could act animation along X, Y and Z direction or any direction .
3. Using gas hydrate through three-dimensional seismic data processing, the established seismic models, seismic attributes model and physical parameters of the model. On the basic concepts of gas hydrate and distribution, as well as the existence of the geophysical evidence hydrate: hydrate community marked the end of the—BSR (bottom simulating reflector layer), the amplitude blanking zone, the waveform of BSR polarity reversal. Hydrate occurrence in the general seabed sedimentary basins of hydrate structures, sedimentary characteristics, and geochemical characteristics, the existence of hydrate formation temperature and pressure conditions for analysis. On account of many different types of seismic attributes, it made use of SOM neural network method, extraction of attribute data characteristics, model, to effectively hydrate recognition. Using conventional BP neural network methods, it can predict gas hydrate physical parameters (porosity and saturation) of the basic principles and concrete steps.
4. Based on the volume method, it advanced the application of three-dimensional ore body sculpture model to estimate gas hydrate reserves. Three-dimensional ore body sculpture method carried out on hexahedral mesh cube, which made the two-dimensional distribution of cases hydrate the area and the calculation of effective thickness translate into three-dimensional unit case volume for the calculation of ore, and portrayed fine the geological characteristics of the ore body, and dynamic boundary delineation of ore bodies form hydrates.
5. The use of VC ++. NET as a development platform, combined with Open Inventor package, set up visual evaluation of gas hydrate system (GHRES). Open Inventor which had the characteristics of object-oriented, could make programming simple, achieve a more realistic target at the same time cross-platform features.
Overall system is divided into three modules: module model basin, deposits and reserves estimates model module. Basin model modules: harbor basin on the three-dimensional computer modeling, the structure of observable characteristics of the basin. Minerals model modules: including three-dimensional seismic model, seismic attribute model, physical parameters of the model, the model can be sliced in any direction, cutting, transparent display, by means of a detailed analysis of these showed that the internal characteristics of the reservoir, in order to provide a basis for hydrate exploration .Reserves estimation module: dynamic delineation of hydrate ore body shape and borders, and the use of three-dimensional model to estimate ore reserves carving. In addition, system can be set according to user need to be flexible color table, work area coordinates attribute wells, graphics notes attribute , the various models, such as display properties.
6. Analysis of gas hydrate reserves evaluation system (GHRES) in the South China Sea continental slope north of the study area in a specific application. It described the structure of the study area of the sedimentary characteristics, temperature and pressure conditions, and established three-dimensional digital model of BSR layers, seismic wave impedance properties of model and data model, such as attributes, and finally through the establishment of three-dimensional ore body sculpture model hydrate, hydrate estimate reserves. Hydrate ore body sculpture first volume mesh model for calculation of the hydrate model ore body subdivision carved out of each hexahedron volume, porosity and saturation, and finally by use of the three-dimensional ore body sculpture model formula, obtained study area of the reserves of hydrate.
The results of the work achieved and innovation are as follows:
1. The author used three-dimensional geological modeling technology, to develop a practical, with independent intellectual property rights of natural gas hydrate reserves evaluation system (GHRES) software, and the northern South China Sea continental slope has been used in a study area, the desired effect.
2. Data files from the work area to extract a variety of different time domain seismic attributes information. Application of this information through self-organizing neural network approach to hydrate ore body the shape of the boundary description can hydrate ore body to identify effective.
3. Paper with conventional methods in the physical parameters of hydrate prediction, based on the application of the method of BP neural network parameters on the hydrate (porosity and saturation) to predict and improve the prediction accuracy.
4. Author hexahedron model as the basic unit of gas hydrate ore body three-dimensional sculpture, a three-dimensional model of ore body sculpture. Through the model can be dynamic delineation of ore boundaries hydrate form, hydrate described the spatial distribution of ore body characteristics, portrait of the hydrate to obtain geological characteristics of minor bodies. To volume-based, three-dimensional model of ore body carving methods to estimate reserves.
引文
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