复杂建筑群施工过程三维可视化仿真与优化研究
|
摘要
复杂建筑群的施工过程涉及的因素多,采用传统的分析模式效率较低,难以全面的把握工程施工过程。本文将系统工程、GIS、科学计算可视化、系统仿真、网络计划和系统评价等先进技术方法引入到复杂建筑群施工组织设计中,开展了复杂建筑群施工进度分析理论方法及其应用研究,系统地研究复杂建筑群施工中各方面因素,统筹各方面的制约关系,将单体楼的施工顺序及工序进行合理的组织安排,保证了施工的顺利完成。
主要研究工作和研究成果如下:
1.建筑群建设系统是一个非结构化问题,用常规的解析手段进行系统分析是困难的。本文提出采用系统仿真技术来解决这一类问题,提出了基于GIS的三维动态可视化仿真理论。通过结合地理信息系统(GIS)与系统仿真技术,实现图形辅助仿真建模、施工动态仿真计算和基于GIS的仿真可视化,为施工进度分析和管理提供了一个有效的途径。
2.针对建筑群系统施工的特点,提出了复杂建筑群施工三维动态可视化仿真与进度优化理论,并研制开发了相应的可视化仿真软件。通过对欧景嘉园施工进行系统分析,合理地安排了施工顺序,确定了优化的机械设备配套方案,对施工强度进行了均衡优化。通过实际工程应用,验证了该理论方法的有效性。
3.利用GIS强大的空间分析功能,建立了欧景嘉园三维数字模型,研究了复杂建筑与地形的匹配。并在此基础上,采用可视化分析手段全面分析了施工系统中各施工实体间复杂的时空逻辑关系,对施工过程进行跟踪模拟及演示。
4.提出了基于仿真的复杂建筑群施工总进度可视化分析方法SimCPM,克服了时间不确定型网络中PERT分析的一些局限。探讨了施工系统仿真运行次数与施工工期估计精度之间的关系,解决了要达到某一施工工期估计精度所需仿真运行次数的问题。在欧景嘉园施工仿真的基础上,进行了完工概率分析,较好地描述了施工进度计划的不确定性,为施工工期论证分析提供了依据。
The construction of the complex building group is a complicated system. The traditional planning method is inefficient in describing and analyzing such a complex system. This paper presents a new methodology of construction schedule analysis for the complex building group, in which simulation technique, visualization technique, GIS, CPM, evaluation method are utilized all together. The main contents and achievements of the thesis are summarized as follows:
It is difficult to describe and analyze complex building group system in conventional mathematical way. Simulation is applied to resolve this problem in this paper. Furthermore, the methodology of GIS-based visual simulation is presented for improving the performance of general simulation methods. Subsequently, the graphical modeling, simulation for the whole construction processes and GIS-based visualization is realized which constitute of the visual simulation methodology. The method provides a efficient way for schedule-planning and management of project construction.
The study on the methodology of three-dimension dynamic visual simulation and schedule optimization for complex build group is carried through in this thesis. The corresponding software is developed. The construction processes of Oujingjiayuan building group are analyzed by this method to plan reasonable construction sequence, optimize equipment sets, and level construction intensity. The application verifies the feasibility of the methodology.
The 3D digital model of the Oujingjiayuan building group is setted up by GIS. Based on the 3D digital model, visualization tool is utilized to analyze the time-dependent spatial relationship between different objects in construction system comprehensively. The paper presents a simulation-based visual analysis method for project-schedule, which successfully overcomes the limitation of PERT. The relationship between simulation running times and estimate precision of construction time limit is discussed, by which the running times required to a certain estimate precision of construction time limit can be found. Based on the simulation result of Oujingjiayuan construction, the project completion probability is discussed, which fully describes the uncertainty of construction schedule-plan and provides the basis for analysis of construction time limit.
主要研究工作和研究成果如下:
1.建筑群建设系统是一个非结构化问题,用常规的解析手段进行系统分析是困难的。本文提出采用系统仿真技术来解决这一类问题,提出了基于GIS的三维动态可视化仿真理论。通过结合地理信息系统(GIS)与系统仿真技术,实现图形辅助仿真建模、施工动态仿真计算和基于GIS的仿真可视化,为施工进度分析和管理提供了一个有效的途径。
2.针对建筑群系统施工的特点,提出了复杂建筑群施工三维动态可视化仿真与进度优化理论,并研制开发了相应的可视化仿真软件。通过对欧景嘉园施工进行系统分析,合理地安排了施工顺序,确定了优化的机械设备配套方案,对施工强度进行了均衡优化。通过实际工程应用,验证了该理论方法的有效性。
3.利用GIS强大的空间分析功能,建立了欧景嘉园三维数字模型,研究了复杂建筑与地形的匹配。并在此基础上,采用可视化分析手段全面分析了施工系统中各施工实体间复杂的时空逻辑关系,对施工过程进行跟踪模拟及演示。
4.提出了基于仿真的复杂建筑群施工总进度可视化分析方法SimCPM,克服了时间不确定型网络中PERT分析的一些局限。探讨了施工系统仿真运行次数与施工工期估计精度之间的关系,解决了要达到某一施工工期估计精度所需仿真运行次数的问题。在欧景嘉园施工仿真的基础上,进行了完工概率分析,较好地描述了施工进度计划的不确定性,为施工工期论证分析提供了依据。
The construction of the complex building group is a complicated system. The traditional planning method is inefficient in describing and analyzing such a complex system. This paper presents a new methodology of construction schedule analysis for the complex building group, in which simulation technique, visualization technique, GIS, CPM, evaluation method are utilized all together. The main contents and achievements of the thesis are summarized as follows:
It is difficult to describe and analyze complex building group system in conventional mathematical way. Simulation is applied to resolve this problem in this paper. Furthermore, the methodology of GIS-based visual simulation is presented for improving the performance of general simulation methods. Subsequently, the graphical modeling, simulation for the whole construction processes and GIS-based visualization is realized which constitute of the visual simulation methodology. The method provides a efficient way for schedule-planning and management of project construction.
The study on the methodology of three-dimension dynamic visual simulation and schedule optimization for complex build group is carried through in this thesis. The corresponding software is developed. The construction processes of Oujingjiayuan building group are analyzed by this method to plan reasonable construction sequence, optimize equipment sets, and level construction intensity. The application verifies the feasibility of the methodology.
The 3D digital model of the Oujingjiayuan building group is setted up by GIS. Based on the 3D digital model, visualization tool is utilized to analyze the time-dependent spatial relationship between different objects in construction system comprehensively. The paper presents a simulation-based visual analysis method for project-schedule, which successfully overcomes the limitation of PERT. The relationship between simulation running times and estimate precision of construction time limit is discussed, by which the running times required to a certain estimate precision of construction time limit can be found. Based on the simulation result of Oujingjiayuan construction, the project completion probability is discussed, which fully describes the uncertainty of construction schedule-plan and provides the basis for analysis of construction time limit.
引文
[1]谢行皓.建筑工程系统仿真.北京:科学出版社,2001
[2] L.贝塔朗菲.一般系统论(秋同,袁嘉新译).北京:科学文献出版社,1987
[3]何江华.计算机仿真导论.北京:科学出版社,2001
[4]康凤举.现代仿真技术与应用.北京:国防工业出版社,2001
[5]熊光愣,彭毅.先进仿真技术与仿真环境.北京:国防工业出版社,1997
[6]冯允成,邹志红,周泓.离散系统仿真.北京:机械工业出版社,1998
[7]王正中,李伯虎.计算机仿真的过去、现在和未来.系统工程与电子技术,1998(2):7-14
[8]李伯虎,王正中. 90年代计算机仿真技术新动向.计算机世界,1992(9):4-6
[9]屠仁寿,李伯虎,王正中.当前仿真方法学发展中的若干问题.系统仿真学报,1998,10(1):8-13,19
[10]李伯虎,文传源.系统仿真技术新动向.计算机仿真,1996,13(3):3-5
[11]钟登华.循环随机网络在隧洞施工中的应用.土木工程学报,1994,27(4):70-74
[12]朱光熙等.缆机浇筑混凝土坝的计算机模拟技术研究.水利学报,1984(2):62-71
[13]孙锡衡,钟登华,朱光熙.地下洞室群施工系统分析.天津大学学报,1991,增刊,9-14
[14]钟登华,郑家祥,刘东海,张伟波.可视化仿真技术及其应用.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2002
[15]钟登华,李景茹.复杂地下洞室群施工交通运输系统仿真与优化研究.系统仿真学报,2002,14(2):140-142,145
[16]钟登华,张伟波,宋令广.可视化面向资源的施工系统模拟建模方法.天津大学学报,1999,32(6):682-686
[17]钟登华,张伟波,郑家祥.大型地下洞室群施工系统仿真.水利学报,2001(9):86-91
[18] Zhong Denghua, Li Jingru, Zhang Weibo. Study on simulation of complex tunneling using TBM. In: System Science and Complexity Research. Research Information Ltd., 2000, 639-644
[19]钟登华,刘东海.基于GIS的施工导流管理决策支持系统.水力发电,2001(1):56-59
[20] Zhong Denghua,Zhang Weibo,Li Jingru,et al. Study on dynamic visual simulation system for complex construction processes .The Sixth International Conference for Young Computer Scientists,Hongzhou,China, 2001, 430-434
[21]钟登华,胡程顺.复杂工程系统可视化仿真建模方法与应用.系统仿真学报,2002,14(7):839-843
[22] Zhong Denghua, Li Jingru, Zhu Huirong, et al. GIS-based visual simulation methodology and its application in concrete dam construction processes. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,ASCE,Accepted,2003
[23]刘东海,钟登华,周锐等.基于GIS的水电工程施工导流三维动态可视化研究.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2002,14(11):1051-1055
[24]钟登华,李景茹.全过程动态仿真技术及其在大型工程施工管理中的应用.天津大学学报,2003,36(3):347-352。
[25]王仁超,钟登华,查京民.高碾压混凝土坝施工过程仿真研究.水力发电学报,1995(1):25-37
[26]钟登华,熊小平,冯志军等.水利水电工程施工场地总布置可视化动态演示系统研究.水利水电技术,2001,32(12):29-31
[27] Hamming R W. Numerical methods for scientists and engineers. McGraw-Hill, New York,1962
[28]李晓梅,黄朝晖,蔡勋等.并行与分布式可视化技术及应用.北京:国防工业出版社,2001
[29]石教英,蔡文立.科学计算可视化算法与系统.北京:科学出版社,1996
[30]李晓梅,蔡勋,汤红波.并行与分布式科学可视化研究与实现.自然杂志,1996,18(4):232-236
[31]李国成,王靖涛.复杂结构施工的虚拟实现.建筑结构学报,2002,23(2):75-78
[32]秦斌杰,陈旭,庄天戈.医学图像三维可视化.航天医学与医学工程,2001,14(6):452-455
[33]胡鹏,黄杏元,华一新.地理信息系统教程.武昌:武汉大学出版社,2002
[34]朱庆.三维动态交互式可视化模型——地理信息系统中的三维表示与分析.武汉测绘科技大学学报,1998,23(2):124-127
[35]李清泉,李德仁.三维空间数据模型继承的概念框架研究.测绘学报,1998,27(4):325-330
[36]陈军,蒋捷.多维动态GIS的空间数据建模、处理与分析.武汉测绘科技大学学报,2000,25(3):189-195
[37]程朋根,龚健雅.地勘工程三维空间数据模型及其数据结构设计.测绘学报,2001,30(1):74-81
[38]邬伦,刘瑜,张晶等.地理信息系统——原理、方法和应用.北京:科学出版社,2001
[39]张新长,曾广鸿,张青年.城市地理信息系统.北京:科学出版社,2001
[40]徐翠云.地理信息系统的应用现状及发展趋势.地质找矿论丛,2001,16(1):52-57
[41]中国测绘学会地图学与GIS专业委员会.地图学与地理信息系统的进展——1996年~1997年.测绘通报,1998(11):15-20
[42]王诺.网络计划技术及其拓广研究.北京:人民交通出版社,1999
[43]浦再明.网络法基本原理及应用.北京:金盾出版社,1984
[44]江景波等.网络计划技术.北京:冶金工业出版社,1983
[45] Alan A,Pritsker B. Modeling and analysis using Q-GERT network. A Halsted Press Book,John Wiley and Sons,Inc. New York,1977
[46]王众讬,张军等.网络计划技术.沈阳:辽宁人民出版社,1984,
[47]江景波等.网络计划技术.北京:冶金工业出版社,1983
[48] Moeller G L,Digman L A. Operations Planning with VERT. Operations Research,1981,29(4):676-697
[49]耿春仁,赵以强,邓志忠.模糊集论与管理决策.北京:电子工业出版社,1988
[50]吴之明,强茂山.网络计划技术在水电工程中的应用研究与发展方向.水力发电学报,1993(2):80-88
[51] McGartland M , Hendrickson C. Expert system for construction project monitoring. Journal of construction Engineering and Management,ASCE, 1985,111(3):293-307
[52] Arditi D. Expert systems in construction management. Illinois Institute of Technology,U.S.A.,1990
[53] Morad A A,Beliveau Y J. Knowledge-based planning system. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,ASCE,1991,117(1):1-12
[54] Arditi D,Patel B K. Expert system for claim management in construction projects. International Journal of Project Management,1989,7(3):141-147
[55] Hastak M, Halpin D W, Vanegas J. COMPASS-New paradigm for project cost control strategy and planning. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,ASCE,1996,122(3):254-264
[56]何金平,李珍照,施玉群.大坝结构实测性态综合评价中的权重问题.武汉大学学报,2001,34(3):13-17
[57]吴云芳,李珍照,薛桂玉.大坝实测性态综合评价中一种新的权重确定方法.武汉水利电力大学学报,1999,32(1):29-34
[58]徐福留,卢小燕,周家贵等.大型水利工程环境影响评价指标体系及模糊综合评价.水土保持通报,2001,21(4):10-14
[59]贺北方,于章林,刘正才.多级模糊层次综合评价的数学模型及应用.系统工程理论与实践,1989(11):1-6
[60]汪晓程,王瑛.多目标决策分析中的目标关联分析法.系统工程理论与实践,2000(12):63-66,132
[61]李晓克,赵顺波,江瑞俊.高效预应力混凝土压力管道试验与技术经济比较.水力发电学报,2001(4):34-43
[62]刘尔烈,戴峙东.模糊综合评价方法在工程项目社会评价中的应用.港工技术,2002(2):20-22
[63]陈永灿,郑敬云,刘昭伟.三峡库区河段水质评价与分析.水利水电技术,2001,32(7):24-27
[64] Halpin D W. CYCLONE-Method for modeling job site processes. Journal of Construction Division,ASCE,1977,103(3):489-499
[65] Moavenzadeh F,Morkow M J. Simulation model for tunnel construction costs. Journal of Construction Division,ASCE,1976,102(1):51-66
[66] Clemmins J P,Willenbrock J H. The SCRAPESIM computer simulation. Journal of Construction Division,ASCE,1978,104(4):419-435
[67] Kavanagh D P. SIREN: A repetitive construction simulation model. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,ASCE,1985,111(3):308-323
[68] Chang D Y. RESQUE: A resource based simulation system for construction process planning. PhD dissertation,University of Michigan,Ann Arbor,Mich, 1986
[69]钟登华.隧洞循环施工过程模拟研究.天津大学硕士学位论文,1987
[70] Liu L Y. COOPS: Construction object-oriented simulation system. PhD dissertation,University of Michigan,Ann Arbor,Mich,1991
[71] Odeh A M. CIPROS: Knowledge-based construction integrated project and process planning simulation system. PhD dissertation,University of Michigan,Ann Arbor,Mich,1992
[72] Huang R Y,Halpin D W. Visual construction operations simulation-The DISCO approach. Journal of Microcomputer in Civil Engineering,ASCE,1994,9(6):175-184
[73] Martinez J C. STROBOSCOPE: state and resource based simulation of construction processes. PhD dissertation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich,1996
[74] Hajjar D,AbouRizk S M. Unified modeling methodology for construction simulation. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,ASCE,2002,128(2):174-185
[75] Touran A. Simulation of tunnel operation. Journal of Construction Engineeringand Management,ASCE,1987,113(4):554-568
[76] Vanegas J A,Bravo E B,Halpin D W. Simulation technologies for planning heavy construction processes. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,ASCE,1993,119(2):336-354
[77] Smith S D,Obsome J R,Forde M C. Analysis of earth-moving systems using discrete-event simulation. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,ASCE,1995,121(4):388-396
[78] Hajjar D,AbouRizk S M. Building a special purpose simulation tool for earth moving operations. Proceeding of 1996 Winter Simulation Conference, ASCE, New York,1996,1313–1320
[79] Huang R Y,Grigoriadis A M,Halpin D W. Simulation of cable-stayed bridges using DISCO,Proceedings of Winter Simulation Conference,1994,1130-1136
[80] Shi J,AbouRizk S M. Continuous and combined event-process models for simulating pipeline construction. Construction Management and Economics, 1998,16(4):489-498
[81] Zeigler B P. Hierarchical modular discrete-event modeling in an object-oriented environment. Simulation,1987,49(5):219-230
[82] Bortscheller B J. Model reusability in a graphical simulation package. Proceeding of Winter Simulation Conference, Piscataway,N.J.,1992,764-772
[83] Tommelein I D,Carr R I,Odeh A M. Assembly of simulation networks using designs, plans, and methods. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,ASCE,1994,120(4):796-815
[84] Shi J,AbourRizk S M. Resource-based modeling for construction simulation. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,ASCE,1997,123(1):26-33
[85]钟登华,张伟波,宋令广.可视化面向资源的施工系统模拟建模方法.天津大学学报,1999,32(6):682-686
[86] McKinney K,Kim J,Fischer M,Howard C. Interactive 4D-CAD. Proceedings, 3rd Congress on Computing in Civil Engineering,ASCE,1996,New York, 383-389
[87] AbouRizk S,Mather K. Simplifying simulation modeling through integration with 3D CAD. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,ASCE,2000,126(6):475-483
[88] Koo B,Fischer M. Feasibility study of 4D CAD in commercial construction. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,ASCE,2000,126(4):251-260
[89] Kamat V R,Martinez J C. 3D visualization of simulated constructionoperations. Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference,2000,1933-1937
[90] Kamat V R,Martinez J C. Visualizing simulated construction operations in 3D. Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering,2001,15(4):329-337
[91]唐文惠. VR技术及其在水电工程中的应用.水利水电科技进展,2001,21(4):17-20
[92]王小同,杜芳,潘永仁等.可视化仿真及其应用综述.计算机工程,l998(8):20-22
[93] Peter C B,Robert M. Visual interactive simulation-history, recent development, and major issues. Simulation,1987,49(3):109-112
[94] Jaafari A, Manivong K K. VIRCON: Interactive system for teaching construction management. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,ASCE,2001,127(1):66-71
[95] Fischer M A,Aalami F. Scheduling with computer-interpretable construction method models. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,ASCE,1996,122(4):337-347
[96] Stumpf A L,Ganeshan R,Chin S,Liu L Y. Object-oriented model for integrating construction product and process information. Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering,1996,10(3):204-212
[97]钟登华,李景茹.全过程动态仿真技术及其在水利水电工程中的应用.水利水电技术,2002,33(9):22-25,36
[98]冯允成,杜端甫,梁叔平.系统仿真及其应用.北京:机械出版社,1992
[99] Gibson G E,Bell L C. Integrated data-base system. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,ASCE,1992,118(1):50-59
[100]王福建,吴国雄,孙勇.三维实体模型在公路设计中的应用研究[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2002,36(1):7~11.
[101]杨鹏,姚旺生.基于PC的虚拟地形漫游系统的实现[J].计算机仿真,2003,20(7):78~80.
[102]龚健雅,夏宗国.矢量与栅格集成的三维数据模型[J].武汉测绘科技大学学报,1997,22(1):7~15.
[103]常歌,黄野.城市建筑物3D景观模型建立[J].中国图形图像学报,2001,6(6):590~593.
[104] Haala, N. Brenner, C. Extraction of buildings and trees in urban environments[J]. Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, 1999, 54: 130–137.
[105]李德仁,李清泉.三维空间数据模型集成的概念框架研究[J].测绘学报,1998,27(4):326~329.
[106]李德仁,李清泉.一种三维GIS的混合数据结构的研究[J].测绘学报,1997,26(2):128~133.
[107]王卓甫,杨高升,杨建基等.水利水电工程中应用PERT的完工概率问题.河海大学学报,2002,30(1):44-48
[108]冯允成.活动网络分析.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1991
[109]虞镇国.非关键路线的作业时间随机性对工程进度的影响.管理工程学报,1991,5(1):49-58
[110] Gong D,Hugsted R. Time-uncertainty analysis in project network with a new merge-event time-estimation technique. International Journal of Project Management,1993,11(3):165-174
[111] Yakov Ben-Haim,Alexander Laufer. Robust Reliability of projects with activity-duration uncertainty. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,ASCE,1998,124(2):125-131
[112] Gong D,Rowings Jr J E. Calculation of safe float use in risk-analysis-oriented network scheduling. International Journal of Project Management,1995,13(3):184-194
[113]王卓甫,杨志勇,杨建基等.水利水电工程施工进度风险规定下的投资优化.河海大学学报,2000,28(6):52-55
[114]天津大学概率统计教研室.应用概率统计.天津:天津大学出版社,1990
[115]方再根.计算机模拟和蒙特卡洛方法.北京:北京工业学院出版社,1988
[2] L.贝塔朗菲.一般系统论(秋同,袁嘉新译).北京:科学文献出版社,1987
[3]何江华.计算机仿真导论.北京:科学出版社,2001
[4]康凤举.现代仿真技术与应用.北京:国防工业出版社,2001
[5]熊光愣,彭毅.先进仿真技术与仿真环境.北京:国防工业出版社,1997
[6]冯允成,邹志红,周泓.离散系统仿真.北京:机械工业出版社,1998
[7]王正中,李伯虎.计算机仿真的过去、现在和未来.系统工程与电子技术,1998(2):7-14
[8]李伯虎,王正中. 90年代计算机仿真技术新动向.计算机世界,1992(9):4-6
[9]屠仁寿,李伯虎,王正中.当前仿真方法学发展中的若干问题.系统仿真学报,1998,10(1):8-13,19
[10]李伯虎,文传源.系统仿真技术新动向.计算机仿真,1996,13(3):3-5
[11]钟登华.循环随机网络在隧洞施工中的应用.土木工程学报,1994,27(4):70-74
[12]朱光熙等.缆机浇筑混凝土坝的计算机模拟技术研究.水利学报,1984(2):62-71
[13]孙锡衡,钟登华,朱光熙.地下洞室群施工系统分析.天津大学学报,1991,增刊,9-14
[14]钟登华,郑家祥,刘东海,张伟波.可视化仿真技术及其应用.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2002
[15]钟登华,李景茹.复杂地下洞室群施工交通运输系统仿真与优化研究.系统仿真学报,2002,14(2):140-142,145
[16]钟登华,张伟波,宋令广.可视化面向资源的施工系统模拟建模方法.天津大学学报,1999,32(6):682-686
[17]钟登华,张伟波,郑家祥.大型地下洞室群施工系统仿真.水利学报,2001(9):86-91
[18] Zhong Denghua, Li Jingru, Zhang Weibo. Study on simulation of complex tunneling using TBM. In: System Science and Complexity Research. Research Information Ltd., 2000, 639-644
[19]钟登华,刘东海.基于GIS的施工导流管理决策支持系统.水力发电,2001(1):56-59
[20] Zhong Denghua,Zhang Weibo,Li Jingru,et al. Study on dynamic visual simulation system for complex construction processes .The Sixth International Conference for Young Computer Scientists,Hongzhou,China, 2001, 430-434
[21]钟登华,胡程顺.复杂工程系统可视化仿真建模方法与应用.系统仿真学报,2002,14(7):839-843
[22] Zhong Denghua, Li Jingru, Zhu Huirong, et al. GIS-based visual simulation methodology and its application in concrete dam construction processes. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,ASCE,Accepted,2003
[23]刘东海,钟登华,周锐等.基于GIS的水电工程施工导流三维动态可视化研究.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2002,14(11):1051-1055
[24]钟登华,李景茹.全过程动态仿真技术及其在大型工程施工管理中的应用.天津大学学报,2003,36(3):347-352。
[25]王仁超,钟登华,查京民.高碾压混凝土坝施工过程仿真研究.水力发电学报,1995(1):25-37
[26]钟登华,熊小平,冯志军等.水利水电工程施工场地总布置可视化动态演示系统研究.水利水电技术,2001,32(12):29-31
[27] Hamming R W. Numerical methods for scientists and engineers. McGraw-Hill, New York,1962
[28]李晓梅,黄朝晖,蔡勋等.并行与分布式可视化技术及应用.北京:国防工业出版社,2001
[29]石教英,蔡文立.科学计算可视化算法与系统.北京:科学出版社,1996
[30]李晓梅,蔡勋,汤红波.并行与分布式科学可视化研究与实现.自然杂志,1996,18(4):232-236
[31]李国成,王靖涛.复杂结构施工的虚拟实现.建筑结构学报,2002,23(2):75-78
[32]秦斌杰,陈旭,庄天戈.医学图像三维可视化.航天医学与医学工程,2001,14(6):452-455
[33]胡鹏,黄杏元,华一新.地理信息系统教程.武昌:武汉大学出版社,2002
[34]朱庆.三维动态交互式可视化模型——地理信息系统中的三维表示与分析.武汉测绘科技大学学报,1998,23(2):124-127
[35]李清泉,李德仁.三维空间数据模型继承的概念框架研究.测绘学报,1998,27(4):325-330
[36]陈军,蒋捷.多维动态GIS的空间数据建模、处理与分析.武汉测绘科技大学学报,2000,25(3):189-195
[37]程朋根,龚健雅.地勘工程三维空间数据模型及其数据结构设计.测绘学报,2001,30(1):74-81
[38]邬伦,刘瑜,张晶等.地理信息系统——原理、方法和应用.北京:科学出版社,2001
[39]张新长,曾广鸿,张青年.城市地理信息系统.北京:科学出版社,2001
[40]徐翠云.地理信息系统的应用现状及发展趋势.地质找矿论丛,2001,16(1):52-57
[41]中国测绘学会地图学与GIS专业委员会.地图学与地理信息系统的进展——1996年~1997年.测绘通报,1998(11):15-20
[42]王诺.网络计划技术及其拓广研究.北京:人民交通出版社,1999
[43]浦再明.网络法基本原理及应用.北京:金盾出版社,1984
[44]江景波等.网络计划技术.北京:冶金工业出版社,1983
[45] Alan A,Pritsker B. Modeling and analysis using Q-GERT network. A Halsted Press Book,John Wiley and Sons,Inc. New York,1977
[46]王众讬,张军等.网络计划技术.沈阳:辽宁人民出版社,1984,
[47]江景波等.网络计划技术.北京:冶金工业出版社,1983
[48] Moeller G L,Digman L A. Operations Planning with VERT. Operations Research,1981,29(4):676-697
[49]耿春仁,赵以强,邓志忠.模糊集论与管理决策.北京:电子工业出版社,1988
[50]吴之明,强茂山.网络计划技术在水电工程中的应用研究与发展方向.水力发电学报,1993(2):80-88
[51] McGartland M , Hendrickson C. Expert system for construction project monitoring. Journal of construction Engineering and Management,ASCE, 1985,111(3):293-307
[52] Arditi D. Expert systems in construction management. Illinois Institute of Technology,U.S.A.,1990
[53] Morad A A,Beliveau Y J. Knowledge-based planning system. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,ASCE,1991,117(1):1-12
[54] Arditi D,Patel B K. Expert system for claim management in construction projects. International Journal of Project Management,1989,7(3):141-147
[55] Hastak M, Halpin D W, Vanegas J. COMPASS-New paradigm for project cost control strategy and planning. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,ASCE,1996,122(3):254-264
[56]何金平,李珍照,施玉群.大坝结构实测性态综合评价中的权重问题.武汉大学学报,2001,34(3):13-17
[57]吴云芳,李珍照,薛桂玉.大坝实测性态综合评价中一种新的权重确定方法.武汉水利电力大学学报,1999,32(1):29-34
[58]徐福留,卢小燕,周家贵等.大型水利工程环境影响评价指标体系及模糊综合评价.水土保持通报,2001,21(4):10-14
[59]贺北方,于章林,刘正才.多级模糊层次综合评价的数学模型及应用.系统工程理论与实践,1989(11):1-6
[60]汪晓程,王瑛.多目标决策分析中的目标关联分析法.系统工程理论与实践,2000(12):63-66,132
[61]李晓克,赵顺波,江瑞俊.高效预应力混凝土压力管道试验与技术经济比较.水力发电学报,2001(4):34-43
[62]刘尔烈,戴峙东.模糊综合评价方法在工程项目社会评价中的应用.港工技术,2002(2):20-22
[63]陈永灿,郑敬云,刘昭伟.三峡库区河段水质评价与分析.水利水电技术,2001,32(7):24-27
[64] Halpin D W. CYCLONE-Method for modeling job site processes. Journal of Construction Division,ASCE,1977,103(3):489-499
[65] Moavenzadeh F,Morkow M J. Simulation model for tunnel construction costs. Journal of Construction Division,ASCE,1976,102(1):51-66
[66] Clemmins J P,Willenbrock J H. The SCRAPESIM computer simulation. Journal of Construction Division,ASCE,1978,104(4):419-435
[67] Kavanagh D P. SIREN: A repetitive construction simulation model. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,ASCE,1985,111(3):308-323
[68] Chang D Y. RESQUE: A resource based simulation system for construction process planning. PhD dissertation,University of Michigan,Ann Arbor,Mich, 1986
[69]钟登华.隧洞循环施工过程模拟研究.天津大学硕士学位论文,1987
[70] Liu L Y. COOPS: Construction object-oriented simulation system. PhD dissertation,University of Michigan,Ann Arbor,Mich,1991
[71] Odeh A M. CIPROS: Knowledge-based construction integrated project and process planning simulation system. PhD dissertation,University of Michigan,Ann Arbor,Mich,1992
[72] Huang R Y,Halpin D W. Visual construction operations simulation-The DISCO approach. Journal of Microcomputer in Civil Engineering,ASCE,1994,9(6):175-184
[73] Martinez J C. STROBOSCOPE: state and resource based simulation of construction processes. PhD dissertation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich,1996
[74] Hajjar D,AbouRizk S M. Unified modeling methodology for construction simulation. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,ASCE,2002,128(2):174-185
[75] Touran A. Simulation of tunnel operation. Journal of Construction Engineeringand Management,ASCE,1987,113(4):554-568
[76] Vanegas J A,Bravo E B,Halpin D W. Simulation technologies for planning heavy construction processes. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,ASCE,1993,119(2):336-354
[77] Smith S D,Obsome J R,Forde M C. Analysis of earth-moving systems using discrete-event simulation. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,ASCE,1995,121(4):388-396
[78] Hajjar D,AbouRizk S M. Building a special purpose simulation tool for earth moving operations. Proceeding of 1996 Winter Simulation Conference, ASCE, New York,1996,1313–1320
[79] Huang R Y,Grigoriadis A M,Halpin D W. Simulation of cable-stayed bridges using DISCO,Proceedings of Winter Simulation Conference,1994,1130-1136
[80] Shi J,AbouRizk S M. Continuous and combined event-process models for simulating pipeline construction. Construction Management and Economics, 1998,16(4):489-498
[81] Zeigler B P. Hierarchical modular discrete-event modeling in an object-oriented environment. Simulation,1987,49(5):219-230
[82] Bortscheller B J. Model reusability in a graphical simulation package. Proceeding of Winter Simulation Conference, Piscataway,N.J.,1992,764-772
[83] Tommelein I D,Carr R I,Odeh A M. Assembly of simulation networks using designs, plans, and methods. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,ASCE,1994,120(4):796-815
[84] Shi J,AbourRizk S M. Resource-based modeling for construction simulation. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,ASCE,1997,123(1):26-33
[85]钟登华,张伟波,宋令广.可视化面向资源的施工系统模拟建模方法.天津大学学报,1999,32(6):682-686
[86] McKinney K,Kim J,Fischer M,Howard C. Interactive 4D-CAD. Proceedings, 3rd Congress on Computing in Civil Engineering,ASCE,1996,New York, 383-389
[87] AbouRizk S,Mather K. Simplifying simulation modeling through integration with 3D CAD. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,ASCE,2000,126(6):475-483
[88] Koo B,Fischer M. Feasibility study of 4D CAD in commercial construction. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,ASCE,2000,126(4):251-260
[89] Kamat V R,Martinez J C. 3D visualization of simulated constructionoperations. Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference,2000,1933-1937
[90] Kamat V R,Martinez J C. Visualizing simulated construction operations in 3D. Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering,2001,15(4):329-337
[91]唐文惠. VR技术及其在水电工程中的应用.水利水电科技进展,2001,21(4):17-20
[92]王小同,杜芳,潘永仁等.可视化仿真及其应用综述.计算机工程,l998(8):20-22
[93] Peter C B,Robert M. Visual interactive simulation-history, recent development, and major issues. Simulation,1987,49(3):109-112
[94] Jaafari A, Manivong K K. VIRCON: Interactive system for teaching construction management. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,ASCE,2001,127(1):66-71
[95] Fischer M A,Aalami F. Scheduling with computer-interpretable construction method models. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,ASCE,1996,122(4):337-347
[96] Stumpf A L,Ganeshan R,Chin S,Liu L Y. Object-oriented model for integrating construction product and process information. Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering,1996,10(3):204-212
[97]钟登华,李景茹.全过程动态仿真技术及其在水利水电工程中的应用.水利水电技术,2002,33(9):22-25,36
[98]冯允成,杜端甫,梁叔平.系统仿真及其应用.北京:机械出版社,1992
[99] Gibson G E,Bell L C. Integrated data-base system. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,ASCE,1992,118(1):50-59
[100]王福建,吴国雄,孙勇.三维实体模型在公路设计中的应用研究[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2002,36(1):7~11.
[101]杨鹏,姚旺生.基于PC的虚拟地形漫游系统的实现[J].计算机仿真,2003,20(7):78~80.
[102]龚健雅,夏宗国.矢量与栅格集成的三维数据模型[J].武汉测绘科技大学学报,1997,22(1):7~15.
[103]常歌,黄野.城市建筑物3D景观模型建立[J].中国图形图像学报,2001,6(6):590~593.
[104] Haala, N. Brenner, C. Extraction of buildings and trees in urban environments[J]. Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, 1999, 54: 130–137.
[105]李德仁,李清泉.三维空间数据模型集成的概念框架研究[J].测绘学报,1998,27(4):326~329.
[106]李德仁,李清泉.一种三维GIS的混合数据结构的研究[J].测绘学报,1997,26(2):128~133.
[107]王卓甫,杨高升,杨建基等.水利水电工程中应用PERT的完工概率问题.河海大学学报,2002,30(1):44-48
[108]冯允成.活动网络分析.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1991
[109]虞镇国.非关键路线的作业时间随机性对工程进度的影响.管理工程学报,1991,5(1):49-58
[110] Gong D,Hugsted R. Time-uncertainty analysis in project network with a new merge-event time-estimation technique. International Journal of Project Management,1993,11(3):165-174
[111] Yakov Ben-Haim,Alexander Laufer. Robust Reliability of projects with activity-duration uncertainty. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,ASCE,1998,124(2):125-131
[112] Gong D,Rowings Jr J E. Calculation of safe float use in risk-analysis-oriented network scheduling. International Journal of Project Management,1995,13(3):184-194
[113]王卓甫,杨志勇,杨建基等.水利水电工程施工进度风险规定下的投资优化.河海大学学报,2000,28(6):52-55
[114]天津大学概率统计教研室.应用概率统计.天津:天津大学出版社,1990
[115]方再根.计算机模拟和蒙特卡洛方法.北京:北京工业学院出版社,1988
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |