非贵金属氧化物电极的制备及其性能的研究
摘要
采用恒电位方法制备了不同颗粒尺度的Ti/SnO_2+Sb_2O_5/PbO_2电极(以下表示为Ti/PbO_2),对不同条件制备的Ti/PbO_2分别进行了XPS、XRD、SEM分析,在此基础上研究了Ti/PbO_2电极电沉积制备过程,提出了电沉积制备Ti/PbO_2电极的立体生长机理。采用恒电位法制备了掺杂F的Ti/PbO_2电极,F-在PbO_2电极中的掺杂对电极的结构,形貌和电化学性质的影响很大。F-的掺杂有利于电极表面的颗粒减小,影响了PbO_2晶粒的大小、电极的电化学特性。Fe3+、Co2+在Ti/PbO_2电极中掺杂对电极性质同样产生了影响。掺杂Co2+比掺杂Fe3+的Ti/PbO_2电极的活性要高。采用阳极共沉积法制备PbO_2+MnO_2电极材料。通过XPS测试了该电极的价态和原子比例,发现电位对电极材料中原子比例几乎没有影响,原子比例主要受乙酰丙酮的浓度控制。并且在高的乙酰丙酮浓度时制得的电极具有多孔性的结构特点,并表现出很高的电化学电容器性能,通过循环伏安测试发现电极材料的赝电容电流很高。在涂有IrOx中间层的钛基体上电化学方法沉积WO_3,并且在不同温度下烧结。这些电极分别进行Raman光谱、SEM、XRD测试,在450℃退火的WO_3电极表现出很好的赝电容性能,循环伏安曲线具有很好的可逆性,稳定性,比电容46 F·g-1,电极材料具有很高的导电性
Power, material and environment have been attracted much attention as well as development of science and technology, and electrochemistry can applied in lots of field due to its safety and cleanness. Recently, electrochemistry and its production can applied in various field, including lead-acid battery, lithium ion battery, fuel cell, flow battery, electrochemical supercapacitor, electrosynthesis, oxidation of organic compounds in waste water, electrochemical transducer and so on. Electrode plays a key role in the system on which the reaction is took place. It is the most important problem to select and prepare the electrode for the electrochemical process. A study on the preparation of electrode is undertaken, and the factors that influence the mechanism of the preparation, morphology, structure and electrochemical properties of electrode are concluded.
The Ti/SnO_2+Sb2O5/PbO_2 electrode with different particle scale is prepared by potentiostatic technology and is characterized by SEM, XPS and XRD. On the base of the date, the mechanism of lead dioxide in the process of anodic deposition is supposed.
Ti/PbO_2 doped with F- is electrochemical deposited by potentiostatic technology. F- has much effect on the morphology, structure and electrochemical properties of electrode. F- doping can make the particle get smaller, smooth the surface and inhibit the preferred crystal plane of (200). The depositing potential can change the mass of F- in the electrode which has greater mass when the depositing potential is 1.60 V. the mass of F- in the electrode influences the crystallite size of PbO_2. F- can shrink the crystal. The more the mass of F- contains, the smaller the PbO_2 crystal particle is. F- doping can also have effect on the electrochemical properties of electrode, e.g. inhibiting the oxygen evolution.
Fe3+, Co2+ can also influence the properties of electrode. The Ti/PbO_2 doped with Co2+ has more activity than with Fe3+. Ti/PbO_2 is unstable in the anodic process and easy to erode in the acid solution.
PbO_2+MnO_2 composite electrode is electrochemical co-deposited in the solution containing Pb2+ and Mn2+. The valence and atom ratio of Pb and Mn is detected by the XPS, which show that the atom radio can be hardly influenced by the potential deposited and controlled by the concentration of acetylcholine. The CV shows that the current density of pseudocapacitance is very high.
WO_3 films have been prepared onto IrO_2-coated Ti substrate by electro-deposition, and as-deposited and annealed films have been characterized by using Raman spectroscopy, SEM, XRD. It was found that the as-deposited film consists of orthorhombic WO_3?H2O phase, which transforms to to monoclinic phase by annealing at and above 350 oC. Ti/IrO_2/WO_3 annealed at 450 oC shows significant irreversibility, high electrochemical stability, conductivity and the typical characteristic of capacitive behavior. The specific capacitance obtained at a scan rate of 50 mV·s-1is 46 F·g-1.
Power, material and environment have been attracted much attention as well as development of science and technology, and electrochemistry can applied in lots of field due to its safety and cleanness. Recently, electrochemistry and its production can applied in various field, including lead-acid battery, lithium ion battery, fuel cell, flow battery, electrochemical supercapacitor, electrosynthesis, oxidation of organic compounds in waste water, electrochemical transducer and so on. Electrode plays a key role in the system on which the reaction is took place. It is the most important problem to select and prepare the electrode for the electrochemical process. A study on the preparation of electrode is undertaken, and the factors that influence the mechanism of the preparation, morphology, structure and electrochemical properties of electrode are concluded.
The Ti/SnO_2+Sb2O5/PbO_2 electrode with different particle scale is prepared by potentiostatic technology and is characterized by SEM, XPS and XRD. On the base of the date, the mechanism of lead dioxide in the process of anodic deposition is supposed.
Ti/PbO_2 doped with F- is electrochemical deposited by potentiostatic technology. F- has much effect on the morphology, structure and electrochemical properties of electrode. F- doping can make the particle get smaller, smooth the surface and inhibit the preferred crystal plane of (200). The depositing potential can change the mass of F- in the electrode which has greater mass when the depositing potential is 1.60 V. the mass of F- in the electrode influences the crystallite size of PbO_2. F- can shrink the crystal. The more the mass of F- contains, the smaller the PbO_2 crystal particle is. F- doping can also have effect on the electrochemical properties of electrode, e.g. inhibiting the oxygen evolution.
Fe3+, Co2+ can also influence the properties of electrode. The Ti/PbO_2 doped with Co2+ has more activity than with Fe3+. Ti/PbO_2 is unstable in the anodic process and easy to erode in the acid solution.
PbO_2+MnO_2 composite electrode is electrochemical co-deposited in the solution containing Pb2+ and Mn2+. The valence and atom ratio of Pb and Mn is detected by the XPS, which show that the atom radio can be hardly influenced by the potential deposited and controlled by the concentration of acetylcholine. The CV shows that the current density of pseudocapacitance is very high.
WO_3 films have been prepared onto IrO_2-coated Ti substrate by electro-deposition, and as-deposited and annealed films have been characterized by using Raman spectroscopy, SEM, XRD. It was found that the as-deposited film consists of orthorhombic WO_3?H2O phase, which transforms to to monoclinic phase by annealing at and above 350 oC. Ti/IrO_2/WO_3 annealed at 450 oC shows significant irreversibility, high electrochemical stability, conductivity and the typical characteristic of capacitive behavior. The specific capacitance obtained at a scan rate of 50 mV·s-1is 46 F·g-1.
引文
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