活齿分度凸轮机构的创新设计与研究
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摘要
凸轮分度机构是自动机械装备中的常见机构,由于该类机构具有高转速、高分度精度等优点,目前已在各种印刷、包装等自动机械中得到广泛的应用。但随着自动机械逐步向高速化方向发展,现有分度凸轮机构已无法满足工程中更高分度次数的工况场合。针对这一问题,研讨提出了一种新型高速分度机构。论文创新工作如下:
基于活齿传动原理,提出了一种新型高速分度传动方式。该种分度传动具有结构紧凑、输入输出同轴、可实现任意分度数、凸轮与滚子连续啮合、反行程自锁等特点。
提出了新型分度机构:即偏心轮和齿轮齿条式新型分度凸轮机构,并以偏心轮结构形式为重点阐述了其传动原理。在此基础上,定义了该类机构的设计参数和结构参数。应用共轭曲面啮合理论,推导了该类机构的凸轮廓线,进行了凸轮廓线的几何特性分析,重点研究了设计参数对该类机构运动学特性的影响规律,提出了机构参数选取的一般原则。
对新型高速分度机构进行了系统的运动分析,应用Pro/E软件对该类机构进行了实体造型及运动仿真演示研究,验证了新机构运动的可行性和机构结构设计的合理性。在此基础上,对该类机构进行了动态静力分析,并重点研究了该类机构通过构件对称布置实现惯性力(矩)平衡的方法。为实现高速分度创造了条件。
针对新型分度机构的结构特点,建立了考虑等效接触刚度、机构输入和输出轴扭转刚度等多种因素的多自由度弹性动力学模型,建立了动力学方程,应用变步长的四阶龙格-库塔法进行了求解计算。进行全新设计,制成实验样机。经理论计算与实验结果分析比较,验证了动力学模型的正确性,从而为该类机构的动态设计提供了理论依据。
The indexing cam mechanisms, which is conventional in auto-mechanical equipments, is widely used in sorts of printing and packing machines because of its advantages of high speed and indexing accuracy. With the high speed development of auto machine, however, existing indexing cam mechanisms can’t meet the requirements of higher indexing speed any more. Thus, a kind of new high speed indexing mechanism is researched.
From the movable tooth transmission, a new high speed indexing transmission mode is designed, with characteristics such as compact structure, I/O co-axis and co-speed, any index achievement, continuous engagement and self-lock in reverse stroke.
Two new indexing mechanisms are proposed: the eccentric mechanism and the pinion and rack mechanism, and focusing on the eccentric structure, the transmission principle are expatiated, mechanism design and structure parameters are also defined. The equations of the cam’s contour are derived based on meshing theory of conjugating surfaces, meanwhile, geometric properties are analyzed. kinematical effects are mainly researched, and parameters selection principle is proposed.
Kinematic analysis is researched methodically, with the three-dimensional modeling and the motion simulation using Pro/E software, the feasibility of new mechanism motion and the reasonableness of the structure design are verified. Dynamic static force analysis is completed, inertia force balance can be achieved because of the symmetric placement of the parts.
Considering equivalent contact stiffness and torsion stiffness of I/O axis, multi-degree of freedom electrodynamics’modeling is established. A kinematics equation is solved based on variable step-size Fourth-order Runge- Kutta method. A prototype is designed and verifies the validity of the kinematical modeling. Finally, theory basis is built for the dynamic design of this mechanism.
基于活齿传动原理,提出了一种新型高速分度传动方式。该种分度传动具有结构紧凑、输入输出同轴、可实现任意分度数、凸轮与滚子连续啮合、反行程自锁等特点。
提出了新型分度机构:即偏心轮和齿轮齿条式新型分度凸轮机构,并以偏心轮结构形式为重点阐述了其传动原理。在此基础上,定义了该类机构的设计参数和结构参数。应用共轭曲面啮合理论,推导了该类机构的凸轮廓线,进行了凸轮廓线的几何特性分析,重点研究了设计参数对该类机构运动学特性的影响规律,提出了机构参数选取的一般原则。
对新型高速分度机构进行了系统的运动分析,应用Pro/E软件对该类机构进行了实体造型及运动仿真演示研究,验证了新机构运动的可行性和机构结构设计的合理性。在此基础上,对该类机构进行了动态静力分析,并重点研究了该类机构通过构件对称布置实现惯性力(矩)平衡的方法。为实现高速分度创造了条件。
针对新型分度机构的结构特点,建立了考虑等效接触刚度、机构输入和输出轴扭转刚度等多种因素的多自由度弹性动力学模型,建立了动力学方程,应用变步长的四阶龙格-库塔法进行了求解计算。进行全新设计,制成实验样机。经理论计算与实验结果分析比较,验证了动力学模型的正确性,从而为该类机构的动态设计提供了理论依据。
The indexing cam mechanisms, which is conventional in auto-mechanical equipments, is widely used in sorts of printing and packing machines because of its advantages of high speed and indexing accuracy. With the high speed development of auto machine, however, existing indexing cam mechanisms can’t meet the requirements of higher indexing speed any more. Thus, a kind of new high speed indexing mechanism is researched.
From the movable tooth transmission, a new high speed indexing transmission mode is designed, with characteristics such as compact structure, I/O co-axis and co-speed, any index achievement, continuous engagement and self-lock in reverse stroke.
Two new indexing mechanisms are proposed: the eccentric mechanism and the pinion and rack mechanism, and focusing on the eccentric structure, the transmission principle are expatiated, mechanism design and structure parameters are also defined. The equations of the cam’s contour are derived based on meshing theory of conjugating surfaces, meanwhile, geometric properties are analyzed. kinematical effects are mainly researched, and parameters selection principle is proposed.
Kinematic analysis is researched methodically, with the three-dimensional modeling and the motion simulation using Pro/E software, the feasibility of new mechanism motion and the reasonableness of the structure design are verified. Dynamic static force analysis is completed, inertia force balance can be achieved because of the symmetric placement of the parts.
Considering equivalent contact stiffness and torsion stiffness of I/O axis, multi-degree of freedom electrodynamics’modeling is established. A kinematics equation is solved based on variable step-size Fourth-order Runge- Kutta method. A prototype is designed and verifies the validity of the kinematical modeling. Finally, theory basis is built for the dynamic design of this mechanism.
引文
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