CCHP及其所构成微网的运行特性研究
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摘要
小型冷热电联产系统(简称CCHP)具有能源利用效率高,污染小,可满足用户冷热电多种形式能源需求的特点。微网技术为分布式CCHP提供了灵活的运行平台,可以实现冷热电负荷之间灵活匹配,提高整体系统的经济和社会效益。本文针对CCHP和微网的系统结构、控制方式、数学模型以及运行规律等开展了下述研究工作:
(1)研究了单轴结构微型燃气轮机的结构特点、控制方式以及运行规律。针对传统二极管整流方式下单轴结构微型燃气轮机缺少灵活控制方式、动态响应速度慢的不足,提出了采用双PWM变流器结构的改进方案,设计了基于电压外环和电流内环双层控制的PWM整流器控制方法,进行了不同结构系统动态特性的仿真实验,验证了双PWM结构可以提高系统动态性能、减小变流器直流波动以及减小直流谐波的结论。
(2)针对现有分轴结构微型燃气轮机模型分析精度的不足,建立了可以模拟不同转轴动态特性的分轴结构微型燃气轮机小信号线性化仿真模型,研究了分轴结构微型燃气轮机多种控制方式,对不同方式下分轴结构微型燃气轮机的运行特性进行了仿真,为微网中分轴结构微型燃气轮机的研究奠定了基础。
(3)研究了由多台微型燃气轮机组成的微网在由联网运行模式切换为孤岛运行模式时不同控制策略下的运行特性问题。分别采用单主控制和多主控制策略,研究了计划性切换和非计划性切换情况下微网动态特性,分析了微网在脱网时能够保证系统平稳过渡的条件和影响因素,总结了由多台微型燃气轮机组成的微网运行和控制规律,实现了微网在运行模式切换时能够安全、平稳的过渡。
(4)研究了CCHP系统中不同结构微型燃气轮机在微网中配置选型问题,对比了不同结构微型燃气轮机设备成本、发电效率等技术参数,通过对微网中不同类型微型燃气轮机的负荷跟踪能力、不同类型负荷下的动态特点以及不同微网拓扑结构下的运行规律的分析,为不同运行环境下的系统抗干扰能力研究、动态特性评估以及系统建设时的电源选型提供了参考指标。
The distributed Combined Cooling Heating and Power (CCHP) has highefficiency in energy utilization and low pollution in emitting, and can satisfy differentkinds of energy demands such as cooling, heating and power by the users. MicroGrid,which can flexibly supervise the cooling heating, and power load and increase theeconomic and social benefits, provides a flexible operation platform for distributedCCHP. Aimed at the system structures, control modes, math models and operationrules etc. of CCHP and MicroGrid, this paper carries on the related research work asfollows:
The structure characteristic, control modes, and operation rules of a single shaftMicroTurbine are investigated. Aimed at the shortages of flexibleness in control modeand slowness in dynamic respond of a single shaft MicroTurbine rectified by diode, aimproved scheme based on double PWM converter is presented, and the controlmethod based on voltage outer loop and current inner loop is designed. Through thesystem simulation of dynamic characteristic research under different structures, wecan draw a conclusion that, by the double PWM structure, the dynamic performanceof system can be improved, and the direct current fluctuation and the harmonic ofconverter can be decreased.
Aimed at the lack of analysis precision of split-shaft MicroTurbine, a dynamicmodel, which use small signal linear approach, is presented for the simulating ofdifferent shafts. Then the control modes of split shaft MicroTurbine are investigated,and the simulation tests are carried on to analyze the operation characteristic underdifferent control modes. The result of simulation can be used as a theory basis for afurther research on the split shaft MicroTurbine.
The operation characteristic of MicroGrid, composed of multi MicroTurbines, isinvestigated when the MicroGrid operation mode switches from grid-connected modeto islanding mode under different control strategies. Adopting single master controlstrategy and multi masters control strategy separately, the MicroGrid dynamiccharacteristic under intentional islanding and unintentional islanding is investigated,and the seamless transition condition and influencing factors under MicroGridislanding are studied. Through the research results, the MicroGrid operation and control rules composed of multi MicroTurbines are summarized and a safe andsmooth transition in the process can be achieved.
The research about configure selection of different kinds of MicroTuribnes inMicroGrid is carried on. The characteristic parameters such as equipment costs,generating efficiency and noise level etc. are compared. Through the research of theload tracking ability, dynamic characteristic under different types of loads andoperation rules under different MicroGrid topologies, the reference index can beachieved by analyzing the system anti-disturbence ability, evaluating the dynamiccharacteristic and selecting electrical sources.
(1)研究了单轴结构微型燃气轮机的结构特点、控制方式以及运行规律。针对传统二极管整流方式下单轴结构微型燃气轮机缺少灵活控制方式、动态响应速度慢的不足,提出了采用双PWM变流器结构的改进方案,设计了基于电压外环和电流内环双层控制的PWM整流器控制方法,进行了不同结构系统动态特性的仿真实验,验证了双PWM结构可以提高系统动态性能、减小变流器直流波动以及减小直流谐波的结论。
(2)针对现有分轴结构微型燃气轮机模型分析精度的不足,建立了可以模拟不同转轴动态特性的分轴结构微型燃气轮机小信号线性化仿真模型,研究了分轴结构微型燃气轮机多种控制方式,对不同方式下分轴结构微型燃气轮机的运行特性进行了仿真,为微网中分轴结构微型燃气轮机的研究奠定了基础。
(3)研究了由多台微型燃气轮机组成的微网在由联网运行模式切换为孤岛运行模式时不同控制策略下的运行特性问题。分别采用单主控制和多主控制策略,研究了计划性切换和非计划性切换情况下微网动态特性,分析了微网在脱网时能够保证系统平稳过渡的条件和影响因素,总结了由多台微型燃气轮机组成的微网运行和控制规律,实现了微网在运行模式切换时能够安全、平稳的过渡。
(4)研究了CCHP系统中不同结构微型燃气轮机在微网中配置选型问题,对比了不同结构微型燃气轮机设备成本、发电效率等技术参数,通过对微网中不同类型微型燃气轮机的负荷跟踪能力、不同类型负荷下的动态特点以及不同微网拓扑结构下的运行规律的分析,为不同运行环境下的系统抗干扰能力研究、动态特性评估以及系统建设时的电源选型提供了参考指标。
The distributed Combined Cooling Heating and Power (CCHP) has highefficiency in energy utilization and low pollution in emitting, and can satisfy differentkinds of energy demands such as cooling, heating and power by the users. MicroGrid,which can flexibly supervise the cooling heating, and power load and increase theeconomic and social benefits, provides a flexible operation platform for distributedCCHP. Aimed at the system structures, control modes, math models and operationrules etc. of CCHP and MicroGrid, this paper carries on the related research work asfollows:
The structure characteristic, control modes, and operation rules of a single shaftMicroTurbine are investigated. Aimed at the shortages of flexibleness in control modeand slowness in dynamic respond of a single shaft MicroTurbine rectified by diode, aimproved scheme based on double PWM converter is presented, and the controlmethod based on voltage outer loop and current inner loop is designed. Through thesystem simulation of dynamic characteristic research under different structures, wecan draw a conclusion that, by the double PWM structure, the dynamic performanceof system can be improved, and the direct current fluctuation and the harmonic ofconverter can be decreased.
Aimed at the lack of analysis precision of split-shaft MicroTurbine, a dynamicmodel, which use small signal linear approach, is presented for the simulating ofdifferent shafts. Then the control modes of split shaft MicroTurbine are investigated,and the simulation tests are carried on to analyze the operation characteristic underdifferent control modes. The result of simulation can be used as a theory basis for afurther research on the split shaft MicroTurbine.
The operation characteristic of MicroGrid, composed of multi MicroTurbines, isinvestigated when the MicroGrid operation mode switches from grid-connected modeto islanding mode under different control strategies. Adopting single master controlstrategy and multi masters control strategy separately, the MicroGrid dynamiccharacteristic under intentional islanding and unintentional islanding is investigated,and the seamless transition condition and influencing factors under MicroGridislanding are studied. Through the research results, the MicroGrid operation and control rules composed of multi MicroTurbines are summarized and a safe andsmooth transition in the process can be achieved.
The research about configure selection of different kinds of MicroTuribnes inMicroGrid is carried on. The characteristic parameters such as equipment costs,generating efficiency and noise level etc. are compared. Through the research of theload tracking ability, dynamic characteristic under different types of loads andoperation rules under different MicroGrid topologies, the reference index can beachieved by analyzing the system anti-disturbence ability, evaluating the dynamiccharacteristic and selecting electrical sources.
引文
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