共线准相位匹配光学参量过程的研究
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摘要
准相位匹配技术(QPM)是非线性光学频率变换领域中的一个重要组成部分,以其转换效率高、调谐方式灵活的特点受到众多科学家的青睐。基于共线准相位匹配的光学参量过程(包括光学参量振荡OPO和光学参量产生OPG)是获得高效可调谐光源的重要手段之一。利用共线QPM-OPO/OPG,可以使以往传统双折射相位匹配无法达到的目标成为可能,使可调谐光源更好地为其他科研领域和应用领域服务。本文的研究工作集中在利用共线QPM-OPO或OPG实现可调谐的双波长激光、近红外激光、中红外激光、窄线宽激光几个方面,这些激光器在气体检测、污染监测、军事红外对抗、通信、科学研究等方面具有重要的应用前景。
本文的主要内容及创新点归纳如下:
1.在理论上提出反向倒格矢的概念,对-1阶准相位匹配过程的调谐特性进行分析和计算,并引入后向波OPO的概念,对共线准相位匹配参量互作用的各种匹配形式进行系统总结,给出在各匹配形式下共线准相位匹配的周期调谐特性;
2.对QPM双信号光OPO进行理论与实验研究。考虑泵浦光焦点位置对双信号光输出功率比例的影响,给出双信号光OPO中获得同比例输出的条件。采用双周期极化晶体,共用一个OPO谐振腔,通过温度和周期调谐,可以获得波长间隔在2.5 nm~69.1 nm间调谐的双波长。在重复频率50kHz、泵浦功率为3W时,双信号光的平均输出功率最高可达169.6mW。这是首次将周期极化晶体应用到双晶体双信号光QPM-OPO的实验研究;
3.进行种子注入锁定共线QPM-OPO的实验研究。首先采用半导体单端泵浦环行腔单频1064nm Nd:YVO4激光器,获得9W连续输出的单频1064nm激光,光-光转换效率为36.6%。功率水平在单端泵浦的单频激光器方面处于国内领先水平。然后在激光器中,加入声光Q开关提高峰值功率,泵浦种子注入锁定的共线QPM-OPO,获得1510nm~1630.8nm的可调谐窄线宽相干光,输出线宽达到测量仪器的分辨极限0.06nm,信号光的平均输出功率最高可达56.9mW;
4.对半导体泵浦的准相位匹配内腔OPG进行理论与实验研究。根据光学参量产生的耦合波方程以及声光Q开关运转的四能级系统速率方程,分析内腔OPG过程的动态特性以及输入输出特性。并采用Nd:YVO4晶体为激光介质,以PPLN为非线性晶体进行了准相位匹配内腔光学参量振荡的实验研究,实验获得1.497~1.517μm的可调谐激光输出,最高平均输出信号光功率达330mW,从半导体泵浦光到信号光的转换效率达5.5%;
5.采用PPMgLN晶体,进行室温运转中红外QPM-OPO的实验研究。在室温情况下,获得超过1W的3.629μm中红外相干光,转换效率达到26.7%。
Quasi-phase matching (QPM) technique is an important component in nonlinear optical frequency conversion. It aroused the interests of scientists due to the advantages of high conversion efficiency and flexible tuning methods. The collinear QPM optical parametric process (including optical parametric oscillator, OPO and optical parametric generator, OPG) is a promising scheme to achieve the tunable coherent light source. The collinear QPM-OPO/OPG can accomplish many goals, which is difficult to the conventional birefringent phase matching. More suitable tunable light source based on collinear QPM-OPO/OPG emerged for many other scientific researches and applications. The work in this dissertation focused on the tunable dual wavelength laser, near-infrared laser, mid-infrared laser, and narrow-linewidth laser based on collinear QPM-OPO and QPM-OPG. These laser sources could be applied in many applications such as gas detection, pollution monitoring, military infrared countermeasure, optical communication, scientific research and so on.
The main contents and key creation points in this dissertation are as follows:
1. A concept of backward grating vector was proposed theoretically and the tuning character of -1 order quasi-phase matched process was discussed. Then, we summarized the collinear quasi-phase matched optical parametric process and analyzed the period tuning characters;
2. Dual signal-wave QPM-OPO was investigated experimentally and theoretically. The condition of the dual signal output with the same ratio was discussed with consideration of the influence of the focal point position. There were two periodically poled crystals in the experiments, which shared the same resonant cavity. The wavelength interval of 2.5nm~69.1nm could be tuned by adjust the temperature and the period. At the repetition rate of 50 kHz, the maximum dual signal average power was 169.6mW with the incident power of 3W. To our knowledge, this is the first time to apply the periodically poled crystals in dual signal-wave QPM-OPO;
3. The seed-injected collinear QPM-OPO was presented experimentally. At first, the diode pumped 1064nm Nd:YVO4 laser based on ring cavity was investigated as the pump source of the OPO. The CW output power of 9W was obtained in the experiment and the corresponding efficiency was 36.6%. An acousto-optic Q-switch was inserted to achieve high peak power. Pumped by this laser, a seed-injected narrow-linewidth QPM-OPO can provide 1510nm~1630nm tunable laser with the maximum average power of 56.9mW and the linewidth of 0.06nm;
4. The diode pumped intra-cavity QPM-OPG was studied experimentally and theoretically. The dynamic characters and output characters of intra-cavity OPG were analyzed theoretically, according to the three-wave coupled equations and acousto-optic Q-switched four-level rate equation. We used Nd:YVO4 as gain medium and PPLN as nonlinear crystal in the experiments. The tunable laser between 1.497~1.517μm with the maximum average signal power of 330mW was obtained, and the corresponding efficiency from diode power to signal power was 5.5%;
5. The room-temperature mid-infrared QPM-OPO based on PPMgLN was demonstrated experimentally. The mid-infrared coherent light over 1W was achieved with the conversion efficiency of 26.7%.
本文的主要内容及创新点归纳如下:
1.在理论上提出反向倒格矢的概念,对-1阶准相位匹配过程的调谐特性进行分析和计算,并引入后向波OPO的概念,对共线准相位匹配参量互作用的各种匹配形式进行系统总结,给出在各匹配形式下共线准相位匹配的周期调谐特性;
2.对QPM双信号光OPO进行理论与实验研究。考虑泵浦光焦点位置对双信号光输出功率比例的影响,给出双信号光OPO中获得同比例输出的条件。采用双周期极化晶体,共用一个OPO谐振腔,通过温度和周期调谐,可以获得波长间隔在2.5 nm~69.1 nm间调谐的双波长。在重复频率50kHz、泵浦功率为3W时,双信号光的平均输出功率最高可达169.6mW。这是首次将周期极化晶体应用到双晶体双信号光QPM-OPO的实验研究;
3.进行种子注入锁定共线QPM-OPO的实验研究。首先采用半导体单端泵浦环行腔单频1064nm Nd:YVO4激光器,获得9W连续输出的单频1064nm激光,光-光转换效率为36.6%。功率水平在单端泵浦的单频激光器方面处于国内领先水平。然后在激光器中,加入声光Q开关提高峰值功率,泵浦种子注入锁定的共线QPM-OPO,获得1510nm~1630.8nm的可调谐窄线宽相干光,输出线宽达到测量仪器的分辨极限0.06nm,信号光的平均输出功率最高可达56.9mW;
4.对半导体泵浦的准相位匹配内腔OPG进行理论与实验研究。根据光学参量产生的耦合波方程以及声光Q开关运转的四能级系统速率方程,分析内腔OPG过程的动态特性以及输入输出特性。并采用Nd:YVO4晶体为激光介质,以PPLN为非线性晶体进行了准相位匹配内腔光学参量振荡的实验研究,实验获得1.497~1.517μm的可调谐激光输出,最高平均输出信号光功率达330mW,从半导体泵浦光到信号光的转换效率达5.5%;
5.采用PPMgLN晶体,进行室温运转中红外QPM-OPO的实验研究。在室温情况下,获得超过1W的3.629μm中红外相干光,转换效率达到26.7%。
Quasi-phase matching (QPM) technique is an important component in nonlinear optical frequency conversion. It aroused the interests of scientists due to the advantages of high conversion efficiency and flexible tuning methods. The collinear QPM optical parametric process (including optical parametric oscillator, OPO and optical parametric generator, OPG) is a promising scheme to achieve the tunable coherent light source. The collinear QPM-OPO/OPG can accomplish many goals, which is difficult to the conventional birefringent phase matching. More suitable tunable light source based on collinear QPM-OPO/OPG emerged for many other scientific researches and applications. The work in this dissertation focused on the tunable dual wavelength laser, near-infrared laser, mid-infrared laser, and narrow-linewidth laser based on collinear QPM-OPO and QPM-OPG. These laser sources could be applied in many applications such as gas detection, pollution monitoring, military infrared countermeasure, optical communication, scientific research and so on.
The main contents and key creation points in this dissertation are as follows:
1. A concept of backward grating vector was proposed theoretically and the tuning character of -1 order quasi-phase matched process was discussed. Then, we summarized the collinear quasi-phase matched optical parametric process and analyzed the period tuning characters;
2. Dual signal-wave QPM-OPO was investigated experimentally and theoretically. The condition of the dual signal output with the same ratio was discussed with consideration of the influence of the focal point position. There were two periodically poled crystals in the experiments, which shared the same resonant cavity. The wavelength interval of 2.5nm~69.1nm could be tuned by adjust the temperature and the period. At the repetition rate of 50 kHz, the maximum dual signal average power was 169.6mW with the incident power of 3W. To our knowledge, this is the first time to apply the periodically poled crystals in dual signal-wave QPM-OPO;
3. The seed-injected collinear QPM-OPO was presented experimentally. At first, the diode pumped 1064nm Nd:YVO4 laser based on ring cavity was investigated as the pump source of the OPO. The CW output power of 9W was obtained in the experiment and the corresponding efficiency was 36.6%. An acousto-optic Q-switch was inserted to achieve high peak power. Pumped by this laser, a seed-injected narrow-linewidth QPM-OPO can provide 1510nm~1630nm tunable laser with the maximum average power of 56.9mW and the linewidth of 0.06nm;
4. The diode pumped intra-cavity QPM-OPG was studied experimentally and theoretically. The dynamic characters and output characters of intra-cavity OPG were analyzed theoretically, according to the three-wave coupled equations and acousto-optic Q-switched four-level rate equation. We used Nd:YVO4 as gain medium and PPLN as nonlinear crystal in the experiments. The tunable laser between 1.497~1.517μm with the maximum average signal power of 330mW was obtained, and the corresponding efficiency from diode power to signal power was 5.5%;
5. The room-temperature mid-infrared QPM-OPO based on PPMgLN was demonstrated experimentally. The mid-infrared coherent light over 1W was achieved with the conversion efficiency of 26.7%.
引文
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