跨座式单轨交通系统结构静动力行为研究
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摘要
跨座式单轨交通具有爬坡能力强、能适应较小曲线半径的特点,特别适合地面起伏较大的山区城市。跨座式单轨交通技术已经在我国重庆得以应用,该交通系统明显区别于传统钢轮-钢轨制式的轨道交通系统。其轨道梁既是承重桥梁结构又是车辆运行轨道,在使用过程中要经历车轮疲劳循环荷载作用,因此轨道梁结构的耐疲劳性能和承载能力十分重要;跨座式单轨交通车辆转向架构造独特,其运行、导向机理和轮轨接触关系以及轨道梁表面不平度等均不同于其他轨道交通工具,因此其车桥动力相互作用具有独特之处,并影响着跨座式单轨车辆的乘坐舒适性:独特的车辆走行部结构决定了跨座式单轨车辆不存在传统意义上的脱轨现象,因此乘坐舒适性是唯一重要的车辆运行性能评定指标。本文在总结和吸取前人研究成果的基础上,针对我国首次引进的跨座式单轨交通技术,主要进行了以下几个方面的研究工作:
1、国内首次对跨座式单轨交通系统22mPC轨道直梁、20mPC轨道曲梁及相应支座进行了系统的模拟试验研究,主要包括静力弯曲、扭转试验,300万次跨中弯曲疲劳试验,300万次梁端剪切疲劳试验,梁体开裂、重裂和破坏试验等;并在试验研究成果的基础上,针对后期工程提出了PC轨道梁系统相应的设计、施工建议。
2、针对跨座式单轨交通车辆走行部结构特点,建立了15个自由度的跨座式单轨交通车辆动力学模型,并推导了相应的运动方程;建立了跨座式单轨交通车辆充气轮胎的线性力学模型,推导了跨座式单轨车辆各充气轮胎的侧偏角,并给出了跨座式单轨车辆走行轮、导向轮和稳定轮的径向力、侧偏力、回正力矩以及走行轮纵向滑转特性表达式:在此基础上,对跨座式单轨交通车辆转向架与轨道梁之间的轮轨相互作用关系进行了详细推导。
3、对铁路轨道不平顺进行了概述,借鉴日本文献实测轨道梁表面不平度的功率谱密度函数和国内外公路路面不平整度模型,对跨座式单轨交通轨道梁表面不平度及其数学描述进行了研究:建立了跨座式单轨交通车桥耦合振动系统的运动方程,对其数值求解方法进行了比较与分析,并编制了车桥耦合振动计算程序。
4、对比分析重庆跨座式单轨交通典型区段轨道梁的车桥动力响应计算和实测结果,对所建立的车桥耦合振动理论模型及自编计算程序进行了试验验证;以重庆跨座式单轨交通典型区段Z206-25轨道梁为标准梁体,运用所编制程序,对列车运行速度、轨道梁跨度、轨道梁梁体质量、轨道梁表面平整度状况、车辆载重、车辆悬挂系统以及车辆轮胎等参数变化对车桥动力响应的影响进行了研究,获得了一些规律性认识。
5、对普通铁路、城市轨道交通等钢轮钢轨制式轨道交通系统的各种乘坐舒适性评价指标进行了总结与分析;在此基础上,对跨座式单轨交通车辆的乘坐舒适性评价指标进行了研究,采用舒适度和平稳性指标同时对跨座式单轨交通车辆的乘坐舒适性进行评价,并建立了相应的计算方法和评定等级;根据所建立的跨座式单轨列车乘坐舒适性评价标准,对重庆跨座式单轨交通车辆的乘坐舒适性进行了测试与评定,并对所采用的舒适度与平稳性两种指标进行了对比分析。
Straddle-type monorail transportation has better ability of grade climbing and better adaptability to pass smaller radius of the curve, and it is particularly well suited to mountain cities that are more ups and downs on the ground.The technique of straddle-type monorail transportation, which is obviously different from the traditional steel wheel and steel rail transit system, has already been applied in Chongqing. The rail beam which will experience the wheel cyclic fatigue loads in the course of use is a bridge structure that bears load as well as guides the vehicles, so fatigue-resistant performance and carrying capacity are most important to the rail beam structure. The bogies' structure of monorail vehicles is unique. Some features of straddle-type monorail transportation system, such as the running and guiding mechanism, wheel-rail contact relationship and surface roughness of rail beam, differ from that of other rail transit systems, so the vehicle-bridge coupling vibration has also uniqueness, which affects the riding comfort of monorail vehicles. The special running structure's features of monorail vehicle decide that there is no traditional derailment phenomenon for monorail vehicles. Therefore riding comfort of passengers is the only important assessment indicator of the running performance for monorail vehicle. Based on summarizing and absorbing the achievements in the pioneer works, some research work on straddle-type monorail transportation which was first introduced into China has been done in the following:
1、The systematic experimental researches on 22m PC rail straight beam and 20m PC rail curved beam including corresponding bearing supports of straddle-type monorail transportation system,are carried out in China for the first time. These experiments mainly include static bending and torsion tests, 3 millions times of bending fatigue tests at mid-span, 3 millions times of shearing fatigue tests at end face of beam, static-load cracking, recracking and destructive tests of the beam body. Meanwhile, based on the experimental results, some design and construction suggestions of PC rail beam system are put forward for the late works.
2、According to the running structure's features of straddle-type monorail vehicle, the dynamic model of monorail vehicle with 15 DOFs is established and the corresponding motion equations of vehicle are deduced. The linear mechanics model of pneumatic tire of straddle-type monorail vehicle is set up. Side leaning angles of pneumatic tires are deduced, meanwhile the radial force, side leaning force, aligning moment on the running, steering and stabilizing tire, are derived, and longitudinal slide turning characteristic of the running tire is also taken into account. On the basis of these, a detailed deduction about wheel-rail interaction relationship between the bogies of monorail vehicle and rail beam is made.
3、An overview about railway track irregularity is made. Referring to power spectral density function of surface roughness of rail beam measured in Japanese literatures and the model of road surface roughness at home and abroad, the surface roughness of rail beam of straddle-type monorail transportation system and its mathematical description are studied. With the establishing of governing equations to vehicle-bridge system of straddle-type monorail transit, comparison and analysis about its numeric algorithm are made. Finally a compute program is also developed.
4、Dynamic responses of rail beam in typical section of Chongqing straddle-type monorail transportation system are calculated. The calculation results of vehicle-bridge system are compared with field test results, and the correctness of the vehicle-bridge analysis theory and the computing program are partially validated. Then, considering the Z206-25 rail beam in typical section of Chongqing straddle-type monorail transportation system as standard beam and utilizing the computing program, the influence of some parameters on the dynamic responses of vehicle-bridge system is analyzed. These parameters include train speed, the span and the mass of rail beam, the condition of surface roughness of rail beam, the carrying capacity of monorail vehicle, the characteristics of the vehicle suspension system and pneumatic tire. And at the same time some regularity are acquired.
5、Various different riding comfort assessment indexes of the steel wheel and steel rail transit system, such as common railway and urban rail transit, are summarized and analyzed. Based on above, research on the riding comfort evaluation index of straddle-type monorail vehicle is done. The extent of riding comfort of passengers and the smoothness of train motion are meanwhile employed to assess the comfort of passengers, and corresponding calculation method and assessment grade are also set up. According to above evaluation standards established, tests and assessments about the riding comfort of Chongqing straddle-type monorail vehicles are both carried out. Finally, comparison between the extent of riding comfort and the smoothness is made.
1、国内首次对跨座式单轨交通系统22mPC轨道直梁、20mPC轨道曲梁及相应支座进行了系统的模拟试验研究,主要包括静力弯曲、扭转试验,300万次跨中弯曲疲劳试验,300万次梁端剪切疲劳试验,梁体开裂、重裂和破坏试验等;并在试验研究成果的基础上,针对后期工程提出了PC轨道梁系统相应的设计、施工建议。
2、针对跨座式单轨交通车辆走行部结构特点,建立了15个自由度的跨座式单轨交通车辆动力学模型,并推导了相应的运动方程;建立了跨座式单轨交通车辆充气轮胎的线性力学模型,推导了跨座式单轨车辆各充气轮胎的侧偏角,并给出了跨座式单轨车辆走行轮、导向轮和稳定轮的径向力、侧偏力、回正力矩以及走行轮纵向滑转特性表达式:在此基础上,对跨座式单轨交通车辆转向架与轨道梁之间的轮轨相互作用关系进行了详细推导。
3、对铁路轨道不平顺进行了概述,借鉴日本文献实测轨道梁表面不平度的功率谱密度函数和国内外公路路面不平整度模型,对跨座式单轨交通轨道梁表面不平度及其数学描述进行了研究:建立了跨座式单轨交通车桥耦合振动系统的运动方程,对其数值求解方法进行了比较与分析,并编制了车桥耦合振动计算程序。
4、对比分析重庆跨座式单轨交通典型区段轨道梁的车桥动力响应计算和实测结果,对所建立的车桥耦合振动理论模型及自编计算程序进行了试验验证;以重庆跨座式单轨交通典型区段Z206-25轨道梁为标准梁体,运用所编制程序,对列车运行速度、轨道梁跨度、轨道梁梁体质量、轨道梁表面平整度状况、车辆载重、车辆悬挂系统以及车辆轮胎等参数变化对车桥动力响应的影响进行了研究,获得了一些规律性认识。
5、对普通铁路、城市轨道交通等钢轮钢轨制式轨道交通系统的各种乘坐舒适性评价指标进行了总结与分析;在此基础上,对跨座式单轨交通车辆的乘坐舒适性评价指标进行了研究,采用舒适度和平稳性指标同时对跨座式单轨交通车辆的乘坐舒适性进行评价,并建立了相应的计算方法和评定等级;根据所建立的跨座式单轨列车乘坐舒适性评价标准,对重庆跨座式单轨交通车辆的乘坐舒适性进行了测试与评定,并对所采用的舒适度与平稳性两种指标进行了对比分析。
Straddle-type monorail transportation has better ability of grade climbing and better adaptability to pass smaller radius of the curve, and it is particularly well suited to mountain cities that are more ups and downs on the ground.The technique of straddle-type monorail transportation, which is obviously different from the traditional steel wheel and steel rail transit system, has already been applied in Chongqing. The rail beam which will experience the wheel cyclic fatigue loads in the course of use is a bridge structure that bears load as well as guides the vehicles, so fatigue-resistant performance and carrying capacity are most important to the rail beam structure. The bogies' structure of monorail vehicles is unique. Some features of straddle-type monorail transportation system, such as the running and guiding mechanism, wheel-rail contact relationship and surface roughness of rail beam, differ from that of other rail transit systems, so the vehicle-bridge coupling vibration has also uniqueness, which affects the riding comfort of monorail vehicles. The special running structure's features of monorail vehicle decide that there is no traditional derailment phenomenon for monorail vehicles. Therefore riding comfort of passengers is the only important assessment indicator of the running performance for monorail vehicle. Based on summarizing and absorbing the achievements in the pioneer works, some research work on straddle-type monorail transportation which was first introduced into China has been done in the following:
1、The systematic experimental researches on 22m PC rail straight beam and 20m PC rail curved beam including corresponding bearing supports of straddle-type monorail transportation system,are carried out in China for the first time. These experiments mainly include static bending and torsion tests, 3 millions times of bending fatigue tests at mid-span, 3 millions times of shearing fatigue tests at end face of beam, static-load cracking, recracking and destructive tests of the beam body. Meanwhile, based on the experimental results, some design and construction suggestions of PC rail beam system are put forward for the late works.
2、According to the running structure's features of straddle-type monorail vehicle, the dynamic model of monorail vehicle with 15 DOFs is established and the corresponding motion equations of vehicle are deduced. The linear mechanics model of pneumatic tire of straddle-type monorail vehicle is set up. Side leaning angles of pneumatic tires are deduced, meanwhile the radial force, side leaning force, aligning moment on the running, steering and stabilizing tire, are derived, and longitudinal slide turning characteristic of the running tire is also taken into account. On the basis of these, a detailed deduction about wheel-rail interaction relationship between the bogies of monorail vehicle and rail beam is made.
3、An overview about railway track irregularity is made. Referring to power spectral density function of surface roughness of rail beam measured in Japanese literatures and the model of road surface roughness at home and abroad, the surface roughness of rail beam of straddle-type monorail transportation system and its mathematical description are studied. With the establishing of governing equations to vehicle-bridge system of straddle-type monorail transit, comparison and analysis about its numeric algorithm are made. Finally a compute program is also developed.
4、Dynamic responses of rail beam in typical section of Chongqing straddle-type monorail transportation system are calculated. The calculation results of vehicle-bridge system are compared with field test results, and the correctness of the vehicle-bridge analysis theory and the computing program are partially validated. Then, considering the Z206-25 rail beam in typical section of Chongqing straddle-type monorail transportation system as standard beam and utilizing the computing program, the influence of some parameters on the dynamic responses of vehicle-bridge system is analyzed. These parameters include train speed, the span and the mass of rail beam, the condition of surface roughness of rail beam, the carrying capacity of monorail vehicle, the characteristics of the vehicle suspension system and pneumatic tire. And at the same time some regularity are acquired.
5、Various different riding comfort assessment indexes of the steel wheel and steel rail transit system, such as common railway and urban rail transit, are summarized and analyzed. Based on above, research on the riding comfort evaluation index of straddle-type monorail vehicle is done. The extent of riding comfort of passengers and the smoothness of train motion are meanwhile employed to assess the comfort of passengers, and corresponding calculation method and assessment grade are also set up. According to above evaluation standards established, tests and assessments about the riding comfort of Chongqing straddle-type monorail vehicles are both carried out. Finally, comparison between the extent of riding comfort and the smoothness is made.
引文
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