卡鲁塞尔氧化沟液固两相湍流与生物反应动力学研究
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摘要
废水生物处理工程涉及复杂水力学和生物化学过程,其设计优化和运行控制是当前国际水科学技术研究的前沿领域。由于至今关于对废水生物处理复杂生物反应器内流体动力学规律及其对反应器效能的影响认识不清,致使在反应动力学与流体动力学耦合方面的研究尚未取得实质性进展。论文以卡鲁塞尔氧化沟为研究对象,发展了多相流区域流速场原位非接触式测试新技术,进行了实验室模型试验和现场测试,研究氧化沟反应器内液-固两相湍流与生物反应动力学,以及多相湍流反应动力学数值模拟方法。论文取得的主要研究成果如下:
①研制出一套新的多相流数字粒子图像测速系统,并应用于复杂流体反应器多相流二维及三维区域流速场的测试,克服了传统接触式点测量方法无法获取区域流动同步信息的缺陷。
②所研制的PIV测速系统改进了传统PIV系统的信息提取算法,通过采用标准化相关系数作为测度和优化搜索区域的方法,提高了系统的图象处理运算速率;利用数学形态学原理,采用灰度加权标定法和粒径匹配法,实现了多相流的识别、划分和标定。
③采用数字粒子图像测速技术对卡鲁塞尔氧化沟模型三维单相和二维两相全场流速进行测量。结果表明,固相流速总体小于液相;纵、垂两向的流动分布是决定沟内水力特性的主要因素;横、垂两向的流动是决定污泥沉积位置的主要因数,污泥沉积是横、垂两向流速与该处水体动能共同作用下的结果。
④变曝条件下氧化沟流场的实测结果表明,开启两台曝气机条件下,外沟易成为发生淤积的危险地带;内沟段较高的水动能利于组分混合,防止污泥的沉积;开启三台曝气机可使外沟流速增长10%以上,对内沟段流动结构改变不大;在启/停曝初始阶段,流速变化快慢随其与曝气机距离的增加而减少;整个外沟启/停曝气达到工况稳定所需时间约占运行时间的40%。
⑤氧化沟内水质实测结果表明,溶解氧与流速呈正相关、污泥浓度(MLSS)与流速呈负相关;流速是影响溶解性组分混合的重要因素,提高进水口附近局部流速有利于缩短进水组分均布的距离与时间。
⑥应用所研制的PIV测速系统对不同粒径污泥在水力湍动条件下的沉降特性进行研究,得到了污泥静沉降速率与污泥粒径的关系,建立了水力湍动条件下的污泥湍动沉降速率模型。
⑦将污泥湍动沉降速率模型与两相湍流混合物模型耦合,建立了氧化沟液固两相湍流混合物模型,实现了垂向上液固两相运动的分离;利用计算流体软件Fluent对工业规模污水厂氧化沟的污水-污泥两相流进行模拟,结果表明两相流混合物模型较好的揭示了氧化沟内混合液流场和污泥的分布情况。
⑧将卡鲁塞尔氧化沟液-固两相湍流混合物模型与活性污泥2号模型(ASM2)相耦合,建立了卡鲁塞尔氧化沟液-固两相湍流反应动力学模型,编辑开发了求解程序,实现了对反应器内部液固两相三维流场及水质浓度场的同时模拟。
⑨应用卡鲁塞尔氧化沟液-固两相湍流反应动力学模型对污水处理厂氧化沟运行进行优化,结果表明在现有氧化沟主沟开启进水处水下推进器,有利于改善弯道处流场分布,降低进水波动对沟内运行的冲击,防止该区域污泥淤积所造成的负面影响。
The optimal design and operation control, involving complicated hydraulics and biochemical process, of wastewater biologic treatment project is the frontier research field of current international water science and technology, but, because of ambiguity realization to hydrokinetics and efficiency of complex reactor of wastewater biological treatment, the research in the term of coupling reaction kinetics with hydrokinetics has not get substantial progress. This paper focused on Carrousel oxidation ditch, developed a new local un-contact measuring method of multiphase district flow field, carried out model experiment in laboratory and measuring in field, studied solid-liquid turbulence and biologic reaction kinetics in the oxidation ditch, and did research on the numerical stimulation of multiphase turbulence reaction kinetics, with the main research results as follows:
①A new velocity measurement system of multiphase flow digital particle image was developed, used in velocity field measurement of 2-dimention and 3-dimention multiphase flow in the reactor of complicate fluid, overcoming weakness of traditional contact point measuring method which can not get the synchronous flow information in the whole field.
②The PIV velocity measurement system improved on the acquire information arithmetic of traditional PIV system, increasing the calculation velocity of image manipulation of system by using standardized correlation coefficient as measuring degree and by optimizing search region; multiphase flow was identified, demarcated and calibrated by math-morphology theory, gray scale weighted calibrating method and particle diameter matching method.
③The PIV technique was applied to measure the 1-phase or 2-phase flow in 2-dimention or 3-dimention whole-flow-field velocity of Carrousel oxidation ditch reactor. The result show that: the flow rate of solid was generally smaller than the liquid; longitudinal and vertical flow distribution were the mainly determinative factors of hydraulic characteristic in the reactor; the position of sludge sediment were primarily depended on lateral and vertical velocity; the sludge sediment was the results of lateral and vertical velocity together with liquid energy.
④The flow field of oxidation ditch under alternate aeration condition was actually measured, the results show: opening two aerators, the outside ditch was the dangerous areas to easily deposit; the comparatively high kinetic energy of inner ditch contributed to components mixture, preventing sludge deposition; three aerators operated increased the outside ditch velocity by more than 10%, yet, not much changing flow structures of inner ditch; at the beginning of open-stop stage, the velocity changing speed was reduced with the distance to the aerators increased; the time needed to shift from open-stop aeration to stable operation condition for the whole outside ditch accounted for 40%
⑤Water quality in the oxidation ditch was measured in the field, the results show: velocity was positive correlated to dissolved oxygen, negative correlated to MLSS; velocity was an essential factor which influenced mixing of dissolved components, so increasing local velocity near the inlet would be helpful to reduce the distance and time for uniform distribution of inflow components.
⑥Sediment characteristics of sludge of different particle diameters under water turbulence condition was studied by PIV velocity measurement system, getting the relation between under static state condition sludge sedimentation velocity and particle diameter of sludge, and setting up the under turbulence state condition sludge sedimentation velocity model.
⑦The under turbulence state condition sludge sedimentation model was coupled with 2-phase turbulence mixture model, separating movements of 2 phases in vertical direction; computational fluent software“Fluent”was utilized to stimulate sewage-sludge 2 phases velocities in oxidation ditch of industrial-scale sewage plant, demonstrating that 2-phase flow mixture model to some extent was able to display mixture flow field and sludge distribution
⑧Liquid-solid 2-phase turbulence mixture model of Carrousel oxidation ditch was coupled with Activated Sludge Model NO.2 (ASM2), building liquid-solid 2-phase turbulence reaction kinetics model of Carrousel oxidation ditch, compiling corresponding solving program, simultaneously stimulating and studying the space-time distribution of liquid-solid 2-phase 3-demention velocity field and water quality concentration.
⑨Using liquid-solid 2-phase turbulence reaction dynamics model of Carrousel oxidation ditch to optimize the operation of oxidation ditch in wastewater treatment plant, the results show that opening underwater propellers at the existing main channels of oxidation ditch would improve the velocity field distribution on the curve, reducing impacts of inflow fluctuate to the operation of the ditch, preventing negative effects brought by sludge deposition at this area.
①研制出一套新的多相流数字粒子图像测速系统,并应用于复杂流体反应器多相流二维及三维区域流速场的测试,克服了传统接触式点测量方法无法获取区域流动同步信息的缺陷。
②所研制的PIV测速系统改进了传统PIV系统的信息提取算法,通过采用标准化相关系数作为测度和优化搜索区域的方法,提高了系统的图象处理运算速率;利用数学形态学原理,采用灰度加权标定法和粒径匹配法,实现了多相流的识别、划分和标定。
③采用数字粒子图像测速技术对卡鲁塞尔氧化沟模型三维单相和二维两相全场流速进行测量。结果表明,固相流速总体小于液相;纵、垂两向的流动分布是决定沟内水力特性的主要因素;横、垂两向的流动是决定污泥沉积位置的主要因数,污泥沉积是横、垂两向流速与该处水体动能共同作用下的结果。
④变曝条件下氧化沟流场的实测结果表明,开启两台曝气机条件下,外沟易成为发生淤积的危险地带;内沟段较高的水动能利于组分混合,防止污泥的沉积;开启三台曝气机可使外沟流速增长10%以上,对内沟段流动结构改变不大;在启/停曝初始阶段,流速变化快慢随其与曝气机距离的增加而减少;整个外沟启/停曝气达到工况稳定所需时间约占运行时间的40%。
⑤氧化沟内水质实测结果表明,溶解氧与流速呈正相关、污泥浓度(MLSS)与流速呈负相关;流速是影响溶解性组分混合的重要因素,提高进水口附近局部流速有利于缩短进水组分均布的距离与时间。
⑥应用所研制的PIV测速系统对不同粒径污泥在水力湍动条件下的沉降特性进行研究,得到了污泥静沉降速率与污泥粒径的关系,建立了水力湍动条件下的污泥湍动沉降速率模型。
⑦将污泥湍动沉降速率模型与两相湍流混合物模型耦合,建立了氧化沟液固两相湍流混合物模型,实现了垂向上液固两相运动的分离;利用计算流体软件Fluent对工业规模污水厂氧化沟的污水-污泥两相流进行模拟,结果表明两相流混合物模型较好的揭示了氧化沟内混合液流场和污泥的分布情况。
⑧将卡鲁塞尔氧化沟液-固两相湍流混合物模型与活性污泥2号模型(ASM2)相耦合,建立了卡鲁塞尔氧化沟液-固两相湍流反应动力学模型,编辑开发了求解程序,实现了对反应器内部液固两相三维流场及水质浓度场的同时模拟。
⑨应用卡鲁塞尔氧化沟液-固两相湍流反应动力学模型对污水处理厂氧化沟运行进行优化,结果表明在现有氧化沟主沟开启进水处水下推进器,有利于改善弯道处流场分布,降低进水波动对沟内运行的冲击,防止该区域污泥淤积所造成的负面影响。
The optimal design and operation control, involving complicated hydraulics and biochemical process, of wastewater biologic treatment project is the frontier research field of current international water science and technology, but, because of ambiguity realization to hydrokinetics and efficiency of complex reactor of wastewater biological treatment, the research in the term of coupling reaction kinetics with hydrokinetics has not get substantial progress. This paper focused on Carrousel oxidation ditch, developed a new local un-contact measuring method of multiphase district flow field, carried out model experiment in laboratory and measuring in field, studied solid-liquid turbulence and biologic reaction kinetics in the oxidation ditch, and did research on the numerical stimulation of multiphase turbulence reaction kinetics, with the main research results as follows:
①A new velocity measurement system of multiphase flow digital particle image was developed, used in velocity field measurement of 2-dimention and 3-dimention multiphase flow in the reactor of complicate fluid, overcoming weakness of traditional contact point measuring method which can not get the synchronous flow information in the whole field.
②The PIV velocity measurement system improved on the acquire information arithmetic of traditional PIV system, increasing the calculation velocity of image manipulation of system by using standardized correlation coefficient as measuring degree and by optimizing search region; multiphase flow was identified, demarcated and calibrated by math-morphology theory, gray scale weighted calibrating method and particle diameter matching method.
③The PIV technique was applied to measure the 1-phase or 2-phase flow in 2-dimention or 3-dimention whole-flow-field velocity of Carrousel oxidation ditch reactor. The result show that: the flow rate of solid was generally smaller than the liquid; longitudinal and vertical flow distribution were the mainly determinative factors of hydraulic characteristic in the reactor; the position of sludge sediment were primarily depended on lateral and vertical velocity; the sludge sediment was the results of lateral and vertical velocity together with liquid energy.
④The flow field of oxidation ditch under alternate aeration condition was actually measured, the results show: opening two aerators, the outside ditch was the dangerous areas to easily deposit; the comparatively high kinetic energy of inner ditch contributed to components mixture, preventing sludge deposition; three aerators operated increased the outside ditch velocity by more than 10%, yet, not much changing flow structures of inner ditch; at the beginning of open-stop stage, the velocity changing speed was reduced with the distance to the aerators increased; the time needed to shift from open-stop aeration to stable operation condition for the whole outside ditch accounted for 40%
⑤Water quality in the oxidation ditch was measured in the field, the results show: velocity was positive correlated to dissolved oxygen, negative correlated to MLSS; velocity was an essential factor which influenced mixing of dissolved components, so increasing local velocity near the inlet would be helpful to reduce the distance and time for uniform distribution of inflow components.
⑥Sediment characteristics of sludge of different particle diameters under water turbulence condition was studied by PIV velocity measurement system, getting the relation between under static state condition sludge sedimentation velocity and particle diameter of sludge, and setting up the under turbulence state condition sludge sedimentation velocity model.
⑦The under turbulence state condition sludge sedimentation model was coupled with 2-phase turbulence mixture model, separating movements of 2 phases in vertical direction; computational fluent software“Fluent”was utilized to stimulate sewage-sludge 2 phases velocities in oxidation ditch of industrial-scale sewage plant, demonstrating that 2-phase flow mixture model to some extent was able to display mixture flow field and sludge distribution
⑧Liquid-solid 2-phase turbulence mixture model of Carrousel oxidation ditch was coupled with Activated Sludge Model NO.2 (ASM2), building liquid-solid 2-phase turbulence reaction kinetics model of Carrousel oxidation ditch, compiling corresponding solving program, simultaneously stimulating and studying the space-time distribution of liquid-solid 2-phase 3-demention velocity field and water quality concentration.
⑨Using liquid-solid 2-phase turbulence reaction dynamics model of Carrousel oxidation ditch to optimize the operation of oxidation ditch in wastewater treatment plant, the results show that opening underwater propellers at the existing main channels of oxidation ditch would improve the velocity field distribution on the curve, reducing impacts of inflow fluctuate to the operation of the ditch, preventing negative effects brought by sludge deposition at this area.
引文
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