高技术集群企业创新网络机制研究
摘要
集群中的企业创新网络是集群竞争力的源泉,在集群的发展演化过程中,集群企业创新网络也在不断地发展演进,因此研究高技术集群就有必要研究高技术集群中的企业创新网络,分析企业创新网络中企业之间的竞争与合作的博弈、企业创新网络中的组织间协调方式和信息交流与信息处理模式。
本文分别从高技术集群企业创新网络的关联模式与运行机制、集群企业在创新过程中的创新模式的策略选择及企业之间的竞争与合作关系、基于集群生命周期的创新网络的信息特征、信息体制的阶段性演化、高技术集群创新协作网络中的协调方式、高技术集群创新网络分散技术创新风险的制度创新与组织创新和高技术集群企业创新网络的治理模式等方面研究分析了高技术集群中的企业创新网络问题。
首先从宏观层面应用网络组织理论和企业创新理论分析了高技术集群企业技术创新网络整体的内涵与功能,研究高技术集群企业技术创新网络的基本关联模式和运行机制;其次研究集群企业创新网络中企业之间的合作关系,应用博弈论模型证明创新企业存在合作的意愿,能够通过技术创新合作获取更多的收益。通过从企业个体的微观层次分析高技术集群企业技术创新网络中企业间的竞争与合作关系,证明高技术集群企业技术创新网络中的企业在技术创新过程中合作的必要性;利用交易成本理论、组织的比较信息效率理论和模块化理论研究高技术集群不同发展阶段信息特征的变化和企业间协调方式的变化,以及企业创新网络中技术创新的组织形式;具体分析高技术集群企业技术创新网络中分散技术创新风险的相关制度创新和组织创新;应用组织治理理论、价值链理论、网络组织理论和模块化理论探讨高技术集群企业技术创新网络的治理模式,分别考察高技术集群企业技术创新网络的外部全球价值链治理、内部的关系治理和创新组织模式的模块化的治理机制;通过实地调研和填写问卷的方式收集统计数据,利用统计分析软件SPSS分析企业创新网络内部的合作程度、信息交流与协调、技术创新风险分散机制、集群外部环境等不同因素对企业创新绩效的影响问题和相关程度;最后分析我国高技术企业集群发展的现状与不足,并提出相关发展建议。
通过对高技术集群企业创新网络问题的分析,本文证明了高技术集群企业创新网络中的企业在技术创新过程中是趋于合作的,而企业创新网络信息体制的选择是为了节约信息成本,企业创新网络的信息体制随着集群的不同发展过程而阶段性演化,企业创新网络中的制度创新和组织创新能够有效地分散企业的技术创新风险,在高技术集群企业创新网络中存在着有效的治理模式,包括外部的全球价值链治理和内部的关系治理以及创新组织形式的模块化治理机制。
The competitive advantages of clusters come from innovation in these clusters. The innovation network in cluster evolves with the evolution of cluster. In the research on high-tech cluster should center on the analysis of innovation network in cluster, analyze the competition and cooperation of firms in innovation network, and the inter-firm information communication and processing.
This article made main research on innovation network in high-tech clusters by focusing on the relation model and operational mechanism of innovation network, the strategies of the selection of innovation model and the competition and cooperation of firms, the information characteristics and the information structure of innovation network, institution innovation and organization innovation in innovation network and governance of innovation networks in clusters.
There exists cooperative and competitive relationship among firms in high-tech clusters. By analyzing the innovation behaviors of firms in clusters, and it can be proved with game theory that they are likely to cooperate in innovation activities. Cooperation in innovation activities can save innovation cost and improve innovation efficiency. There are inter-firm relationships and information transformation in innovation network. The characteristics of information can have effect on the selection of information structure. Institution innovation and organization innovation in innovation work can save transaction cost and share innovation risk. Then this article discussed the governance of innovation network, including external global value chain governance, internal relationship governance and the modularity of innovation form.
The conclusion is that firms in innovation networks in high-tech clusters are likely to cooperate in innovation activities. The purpose of the cooperation is to save transaction cost and innovation cost, and to improve innovation efficiency. The selection of information structure of innovation network is to save information cost, the information structure of innovation network will evolve with the development of clusters. There exist institution innovation and organization innovation in order to share innovation risk. The governance mechanisms of innovation network include external global value chain governance, internal relationship governance and the modularity of innovation form.
本文分别从高技术集群企业创新网络的关联模式与运行机制、集群企业在创新过程中的创新模式的策略选择及企业之间的竞争与合作关系、基于集群生命周期的创新网络的信息特征、信息体制的阶段性演化、高技术集群创新协作网络中的协调方式、高技术集群创新网络分散技术创新风险的制度创新与组织创新和高技术集群企业创新网络的治理模式等方面研究分析了高技术集群中的企业创新网络问题。
首先从宏观层面应用网络组织理论和企业创新理论分析了高技术集群企业技术创新网络整体的内涵与功能,研究高技术集群企业技术创新网络的基本关联模式和运行机制;其次研究集群企业创新网络中企业之间的合作关系,应用博弈论模型证明创新企业存在合作的意愿,能够通过技术创新合作获取更多的收益。通过从企业个体的微观层次分析高技术集群企业技术创新网络中企业间的竞争与合作关系,证明高技术集群企业技术创新网络中的企业在技术创新过程中合作的必要性;利用交易成本理论、组织的比较信息效率理论和模块化理论研究高技术集群不同发展阶段信息特征的变化和企业间协调方式的变化,以及企业创新网络中技术创新的组织形式;具体分析高技术集群企业技术创新网络中分散技术创新风险的相关制度创新和组织创新;应用组织治理理论、价值链理论、网络组织理论和模块化理论探讨高技术集群企业技术创新网络的治理模式,分别考察高技术集群企业技术创新网络的外部全球价值链治理、内部的关系治理和创新组织模式的模块化的治理机制;通过实地调研和填写问卷的方式收集统计数据,利用统计分析软件SPSS分析企业创新网络内部的合作程度、信息交流与协调、技术创新风险分散机制、集群外部环境等不同因素对企业创新绩效的影响问题和相关程度;最后分析我国高技术企业集群发展的现状与不足,并提出相关发展建议。
通过对高技术集群企业创新网络问题的分析,本文证明了高技术集群企业创新网络中的企业在技术创新过程中是趋于合作的,而企业创新网络信息体制的选择是为了节约信息成本,企业创新网络的信息体制随着集群的不同发展过程而阶段性演化,企业创新网络中的制度创新和组织创新能够有效地分散企业的技术创新风险,在高技术集群企业创新网络中存在着有效的治理模式,包括外部的全球价值链治理和内部的关系治理以及创新组织形式的模块化治理机制。
The competitive advantages of clusters come from innovation in these clusters. The innovation network in cluster evolves with the evolution of cluster. In the research on high-tech cluster should center on the analysis of innovation network in cluster, analyze the competition and cooperation of firms in innovation network, and the inter-firm information communication and processing.
This article made main research on innovation network in high-tech clusters by focusing on the relation model and operational mechanism of innovation network, the strategies of the selection of innovation model and the competition and cooperation of firms, the information characteristics and the information structure of innovation network, institution innovation and organization innovation in innovation network and governance of innovation networks in clusters.
There exists cooperative and competitive relationship among firms in high-tech clusters. By analyzing the innovation behaviors of firms in clusters, and it can be proved with game theory that they are likely to cooperate in innovation activities. Cooperation in innovation activities can save innovation cost and improve innovation efficiency. There are inter-firm relationships and information transformation in innovation network. The characteristics of information can have effect on the selection of information structure. Institution innovation and organization innovation in innovation work can save transaction cost and share innovation risk. Then this article discussed the governance of innovation network, including external global value chain governance, internal relationship governance and the modularity of innovation form.
The conclusion is that firms in innovation networks in high-tech clusters are likely to cooperate in innovation activities. The purpose of the cooperation is to save transaction cost and innovation cost, and to improve innovation efficiency. The selection of information structure of innovation network is to save information cost, the information structure of innovation network will evolve with the development of clusters. There exist institution innovation and organization innovation in order to share innovation risk. The governance mechanisms of innovation network include external global value chain governance, internal relationship governance and the modularity of innovation form.
引文
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